Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania is one of the 50 states in the United States of America. It is in the northeastern part of the country. It has a border with Ohio on the west, West Virginia on the south and west, Maryland and Delaware on the south, New Jersey on the east, and New York and Lake Erie on the north.
Pennsylvania | |
|---|---|
| Commonwealth of Pennsylvania | |
| Nickname(s): Keystone State;[1] Quaker State | |
| Motto(s): Virtue, Liberty and Independence | |
| Anthem: "Pennsylvania" | |
 Map of the United States with Pennsylvania highlighted | |
| Country | United States |
| Before statehood | Province of Pennsylvania |
| Admitted to the Union | December 12, 1787 (2nd) |
| Capital | Harrisburg |
| Largest city | Philadelphia |
| Largest metro and urban areas | Delaware Valley |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Josh Shapiro (D) |
| • Lieutenant Governor | Austin Davis (D) |
| Legislature | General Assembly |
| • Upper house | State Senate |
| • Lower house | House of Representatives |
| Judiciary | Supreme Court of Pennsylvania |
| U.S. senators | Bob Casey Jr. (D) John Fetterman (D) |
| U.S. House delegation | 9 Democrats 9 Republicans (list) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km2) |
| • Land | 44,816.61 sq mi (116,074 km2) |
| • Water | 1,239 sq mi (3,208 km2) 2.7% |
| • Rank | 33rd |
| Dimensions | |
| • Length | 170 mi (273 km) |
| • Width | 283 mi (455 km) |
| Elevation | 1,100 ft (340 m) |
| Highest elevation | 3,213 ft (979 m) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 ft (0 m) |
| Population (2020[5]) | |
| • Total | 13,011,844 |
| • Rank | 5th |
| • Density | 290/sq mi (112/km2) |
| • Rank | 9th |
| • Median household income | $59,195[4] |
| • Income rank | 25th |
| Demonym | Pennsylvanian |
| Language | |
| • Official language | None |
| • Spoken language | English 90.15% Spanish 4.09% German (Including Pennsylvania German) 0.87% Chinese 0.47% Italian 0.43%[6] |
| Time zone | UTC−05:00 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00 (EDT) |
| USPS abbreviation | PA |
| ISO 3166 code | US-PA |
| Traditional abbreviation | Pa., Penn., Penna. |
| Latitude | 39°43′ to 42°16′ N |
| Longitude | 74°41′ to 80°31′ W |
| Website | www |
| Pennsylvania state symbols | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Living insignia | |
| Amphibian | Eastern Hellbender |
| Bird | Ruffed grouse |
| Dog breed | Great Dane |
| Fish | Brook trout |
| Flower | Mountain laurel |
| Insect | Firefly (Colloquially "Lightning Bug") (Photuris pensylvanica) |
| Mammal | White-tailed deer |
| Tree | Eastern hemlock |
| Inanimate insignia | |
| Beverage | Milk |
| Dance | Polka |
| Food | Chocolate Chip Cookie[7] |
| Fossil | Trilobite |
| Soil | Hazleton |
| State route marker | |
 | |
| State quarter | |
 Released in 1999 | |
| Lists of United States state symbols | |
The state capital of Pennsylvania is Harrisburg. The largest city in Pennsylvania is Philadelphia. The state nickname of Pennsylvania is "The Keystone State". The current governor of Pennsylvania is Josh Shapiro.
Pennsylvania is well known for its role in the American Revolution, its large communities of Amish, and its heavy industry.
History
changePennsylvania was home to many Native American groups before Europeans settled there. These include the Delaware, Susquehanna, and Iroquois.
The first European settlers in Pennsylvania were from Sweden. They arrived in 1643. The area was later ruled by the Netherlands and Great Britain. In 1681, Charles II of England, gave the land to William Penn. Penn used the land to create a home for Quakers. The land became known as "Penn's Woods", as Pennsylvania has many forests. In Latin this is "Pennsylvania". This became adopted as the name of the colony.
Meanwhile, in the western part of the state, armies from France and Great Britain fought for control of the source of the Ohio River. This conflict was part of the French and Indian War. Great Britain eventually won the conflict for this location and built a fort called Fort Pitt. The fort grew into a city which is now called Pittsburgh.
The state of Delaware was once part of Pennsylvania. In 1704, Delaware formed when three Pennsylvania counties left the colony and created their own government.
Pennsylvania was one of the 13 colonies that fought Great Britain in the American Revolution. The United States Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia. Benjamin Franklin, an important figure in the Revolution, was also from Philadelphia. Pennsylvania was the second state to join the United States. Philadelphia was capital of the United States before Washington, D.C..
Later, Pennsylvania became an important center of industry. Kerosene was discovered in Titusville in the 19th century. This was the start of the oil industry in the United States. Large deposits of coal were found in and around Pittsburgh. This caused Pittsburgh to become a major industrial city.
Industry began leaving Pennsylvania in the late 20th century, because most heavy industry was being transferred to other nations. Many people left, too. It also caused many of its cities and towns to decay.
Geography
changeMost of Pennsylvania is part of the Appalachian Mountains, including the south central and northeastern areas of the state. Much of the rest of the state is very hilly, partly due to the closeness to mountains and partly due to the steep river valleys in the state. The Monongahela, Allegheny, and Ohio rivers are in the western part of the state, and the Susquehanna is in the central part of the state. The northwestern and southeastern parts of the state are mostly flat and low-lying.
Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest state in the United States, with a land area of 44,817 square miles. The highest point in the state is Mount Davis, at 3,213 feet above sea level. The lowest point is the Delaware River, which is at sea level.
Demographics
changePennsylvania is the 5th most populated state. In 2020, there were 13,002,700 people.
More than half of the people live in the areas of Pittsburgh and Philadelphia. Few people live in the north central area of the state. Towns and cities tend to be small in size and densely populated, more so than in other states. This is because many of the towns and cities in Pennsylvania were built around a specific factory or factories.
Education
changePennsylvania has many colleges and universities. Officially, the state's public university is Pennsylvania State University. Best known are a few private university systems which are partially (around 10%) funded by the state, like University of Pittsburgh. The state's most well-known private university is the University of Pennsylvania, an Ivy League institution. Pennsylvania also has a number of state run colleges in Bloomsburg, California, Cheyney, Clarion, East Stroudsburg, Edinboro, Indiana, Kutztown, Lock Haven, Mansfield, Millersville, Shippensburg, Slippery Rock, and West Chester. Those fourteen schools make up one of the largest state run higher education systems in the country. Other significant private universities are Carnegie-Mellon University, known for its computer science research, and Bucknell University.
Related pages
changeReferences
change
- ↑ "Symbols of Pennsylvania". Portal.state.pa.us. Archived from the original on October 14, 2007. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- ↑ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ↑ "Median Annual Household Income". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
- ↑ Bureau, US Census (2021-04-26). "2020 Census Apportionment Results". The United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2021-04-26. Retrieved 2021-04-27.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ↑ "Most spoken languages in Pennsylvania in 2010". MLA Data Center. Archived from the original on May 27, 2013. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
- ↑ "Cookie Candidates". 2016. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2016.