Wikipedia

Vietnam

country in Southeast Asia

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam) is a country in Southeast Asia. The neighboring countries are Cambodia, China, and Laos. The capital is Hanoi. The most populous city is Ho Chi Minh City. There are about 99,497,680 people living in Vietnam.[8] Vietnam was united under a communist government. In 1986, the government made economic and political changes that began Vietnam's path to be a part of the world economy.[9] Since 2000, Vietnam's economic growth has been among "the highest in the world",[9] and in 2011 it had the highest global growth generator index among 11 "major" economies.[10]

Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam  (Vietnamese)
Emblem of Vietnam
Emblem
Motto: Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc
"Independence – Freedom – Happiness"
Anthem: Tiến Quân Ca
(English: "Army March")
Location of  Vietnam  (green) in ASEAN  (dark grey)  —  [Legend]
Location of  Vietnam  (green)

in ASEAN  (dark grey)  —  [Legend]

CapitalHanoi
21°2′N 105°51′E / 21.033°N 105.850°E / 21.033; 105.850
Ethnic groups
Religion
Demonym(s)Vietnamese
Government
Tô Lâm
• President
Lương Cường
Võ Thị Ánh Xuân
Phạm Minh Chính
Trần Thanh Mẫn
LegislatureNational Assembly
Formation
• Independence declared from France
2 September 1945
21 July 1954
2 July 1976[3]
Area
• Total
331,690 km2 (128,070 sq mi) (65th)
• Water (%)
6.38
Population
• 2021 estimate
97,468,029[4] (15th)
• Density
276.03/km2 (714.9/sq mi) (46th)
GDP (PPP)2019 estimate
• Total
$769.928 billion[5] (35th)
• Per capita
$8,063[5] (128th)
GDP (nominal)2019 estimate
• Total
$260.301 billion[5] (47th)
• Per capita
$2,726[5] (129th)
Gini (2014)37.6[6]
medium
HDI (2017)Increase 0.694[7]
medium · 115th
Currencyđồng (₫) (VND)
Time zoneUTC+7 (Vietnam Standard Time)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Driving sideright
Calling code+84
ISO 3166 codeVN
Internet TLD.vn

Geography

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The length of the country, from North to South, is 1,650 kilometers (1,025 miles).[11] "At its narrowest point, Vietnam is only 30 miles (48 kilometers) wide".[12] Northern Vietnam offers a "humid" subtropical climate with 4 seasons (winter, spring, summer, and fall) while Southern Vietnam is "hot year-round".[13]

History

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In A.D. 40, the Trưng Sisters Trưng Trắc and Trưng Nhị led a rebellion to get rid of Tô Định, the Chinese governor occupying Vietnam. They were daughters of a Lạc lord in Giao Chỉ (now Northern Vietnam) and widows of aristocrats. They successfully formed their own kingdom in Mê Linh, where Trưng Trắc was proclaimed queen, and a capital was built for her".[14] While ruling in Mê Linh, the sisters abolished taxes. They were defeated in A.D. 43 by Ma Yuan, a Chinese general, and are regarded as female military heroes and national heroines.[15]

After Ma Yuan’s defeat of the Trung sisters, the Chinese maintained domination over Vietnam for more than a thousand years. They established a bureaucracy that emphasized Confucianism, and they focused on educating Vietnam’s ruling class with Chinese literature and ideas.[16]

The kings of Champa (Chiêm Thành in Vietnamese) started construction of Hindu temples at Mỹ Sơn in the 4th century AD.[17][18]

France desired trading freedom in Vietnam. They wanted to bring more missionaries into the country. The Nguyen dynasty disliked French involvement in Vietnam, and executed missionaries and Vietnamese coverts. This spurred the French Emperor, Napoleon III, to attack Vietnam and attempt to force the court to accept the title of "French protectorate." By the 1880s Vietnam was officially a French protectorate.[19]

A nation was divided into North Vietnam and South Vietnam. After independence was achieved, the French gave the land of the Mekong delta that was part of Cambodia to South Vietnam. The United States had influence in the South, and the Việt Minh controlled the North. Hồ Chí Minh became President of the Democratic Republic of (North) Việt Nam. It was agreed that the nation would be reunited by elections in 1956. The Americans and the Southern government stopped the elections from happening because they expected Hồ Chí Minh to win because North Vietnam refused to hold free elections. Dwight Eisenhower said he thought Hồ would win with around 80% of the vote if elections were held because of the majority of the population being in the north added with Hồ's supporters in the South.[20]

Population

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In Vietnam, the approximate population is around 99,298,522 to 101,531,681 people.[21][22] The Vietnamese male population is 50,205,096 and the female population is 51,326,584.[22] 25.2% of these people are aged between 0-14, with 13,365,800 being male and 12,161,135 being female. 69.3% of the population are between the ages of 15-64. The male-to-female ratio is 35,024,433 being male and 35,156,146 being female. 5.5% are 65 and over, with 2,149,957 being male and 3,459,991 being female. So within the older 2 categories, there are more women than men.[23]

Science and technology

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Media said in 2011 that investment in science and technology was 2% of GDP.[24]

"Vietnam provides no incentives for students to return to Vietnam from their foreign graduate programmes" was the opinion (in 2011) of French physicist Pierre Darriulat.[24][25]

Notes

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  1. ↑ Also called Kinh people.[1]

References

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Vietnamese edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Find more about
Vietnam
at Wikipedia's sister projects
  Definitions from Wiktionary
  Media from Commons
  News stories from Wikinews
  Quotations from Wikiquote
  Source texts from Wikisource
  Textbooks from Wikibooks
  Learning resources from Wikiversity
  1. ↑ Communist Party of Vietnam 2004.
  2. ↑ Bielefeldt 2014.
  3. ↑ Jeffries 2007, p. 4.
  4. ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 International Monetary Fund.
  6. ↑ World Bank 2016a.
  7. ↑ Human Development Report 2018, p. 23.
  8. ↑ "Vietnam Population 1950-2023". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Vietnam's new-look economy". BBC News. 18 October 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  10. ↑ Weisenthal, Joe (22 February 2011). "3G Countries". Business Insider. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  11. ↑ "How Big is Vietnam in Comparison to the United States, Germany, Japan and UK?". 26 February 2014. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
  12. ↑ "Vietnam". Kids. 25 March 2014.
  13. ↑ "Best Time to Visit Vietnam: Weather isn't Everything! [2021]". 17 November 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  14. ↑ Seekins, Donald M., "Trung Sisters, Rebellion of (39–43)", in Sandler, Stanley, ed., Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia (Santa Barbara California: ABC-Clio, hardcover 2002 (ISBN 1-57607-344-0)), vol. 3, p. 898, col. 1 (author of Seekins of Meio University).
  15. ↑ Sarah Womack (1995). "The remakings of a legend: women and patriotism in the hagiography of the Tru'ng sisters". Crossroads. 9 (2): 31–50. JSTOR 40860533.
  16. ↑ Sarah Womack (1995). "The remakings of a legend: women and patriotism in the hagiography of the Tru'ng sisters". Crossroads. 9 (2): 31–50. JSTOR 40860533.
  17. ↑ "KINGDOM OF CHAMPA". Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
  18. ↑ Andrew David Hardy, Mauro Cucarzi, Patrizia Zolese Champa and the Archaeology of Mỹ Sơn 2009
  19. ↑ "Vietnam History, People, Economy, Geography, Government." Vietnam History, People, Economy, Geography, Government. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. http://vietventures.com/Vietnam/history_vietnam.asp Archived 2014-07-30 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ↑ "Eisenhower's Views on the Popularity of Ho Chi Minh". www.mtholyoke.edu. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |archive- url= ignored (help)
  21. ↑ "Viet Nam Population (2019) - Worldometers". www.worldometers.info. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Vietnam population (2023) live — Countrymeters". countrymeters.info. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  23. ↑ "CIA The World Fact Book". Archived from the original on 17 May 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Stemming the outflow of talent". The Economist. 16 September 2011.
  25. ↑ "Website Under Maintenance". en.baomoi.com. Archived from the original on 2 January 2012. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
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