Ogled vira Evropski tlačnovodni reaktor

[[Slika:EPR pressure vessel.png|sličica|Tlačna posoda EPR]]
[[Slika:OL3.jpg|sličica|Olkiluoto-3 na Finskem]]
'''EPR reaktor''', '''European Pressurized Reactor''' kdaj tudi '''Evolutionary Power Reactor''', je tlačnovodni (PWR) reaktor generacije III+. Pri načrtovanju so sodelovali [[Framatome]] (zdaj [[Areva|Areva NP]]), [[Electricité de France]] (EDF) in [[Siemens AG]]. Trenutno so 4 reaktorji v fazi izgradnje, prvi na Finskem - Olkiluoto 3, drugi v Franciji - Flamanville 3 in dva na Kitajskem - Tajšan 1 & 2. Slednja dva brez večjih zamud, obratovati naj bi začela leta 2014 in 2015.<ref>[http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Symbolic_milestone_for_Finnish_EPR-2410134.html Symbolic milestone for Finnish EPR], ''World Nuclear News'', 24 October 2013.</ref>

==Načrtovanje==
Glavni objektiv pri načrtovanju je povečana varnost in ekonomičnost pri obratovanju. EPR je izboljšan in povečan naslednik reaktorjev Framatome N4 in Siemens KONVOI. <ref name=EPR-presentation>{{navedi splet |url=http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloads/INPRO/Files/2010-Feb-DF-WS/15-Teller.pdf |format=PDF |title=The EPR Reactor: Evolution to Gen III+ based on proven technology |author=Andrew Teller |publisher=Areva |date=2 February 2010 |accessdate=19 July 2010}}</ref><ref name=EPR-brochure>{{navedi splet |url=http://www.areva-np.com/common/liblocal/docs/Brochure/EPR_US_%20May%202005.pdf |format=PDF |title=EPR – Areva brochure |publisher=Areva NP |date=May 2005 |accessdate=2 January 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308123722/http://www.areva-np.com/common/liblocal/docs/Brochure/EPR_US_%20May%202005.pdf |archivedate=2007-03-08 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Gre za eden največjih reaktorjev na svetu z neto električno močjo 1650 MWe (termalno 4500 MWt)<ref name=areva-fieldrep-20101006>{{navedi splet |url=http://www.areva.com/mediatheque/liblocal/docs/pdf/energies/pdf-field-report-3-va.pdf |page=4 |title=New Build Field Report |date=6 October 2010 |publisher=Areva |accessdate=5 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521234633/http://www.areva.com/mediatheque/liblocal/docs/pdf/energies/pdf-field-report-3-va.pdf |archivedate=2011-05-21 |url-status=live }}</ref>. Reaktor lahko deluje na 5% obogaten uran, reprocesiran uran in MOX (Mixed Oxide Fuel) [[jedrsko gorivo]]. 

EPR ima več aktivnih in pasivnih ukrepov za povečanje varnosti:
* štirje ločeni hladilni sistemi, 300% zanesljivost
* neprepustno tlačno posodo 
* dodatno lovilno posodo, če pride do taljenja jedra reaktorja in bi puščala tlačna posoda
* dvostensko varovalno zgradbo z 2,6 m debelo betonsko steno, ki bi vzdržala strmoglavljenje letala

Skupaj so 4 stopnje varnosti: tlačna posoda, dodatna posoda okoli tlačne in dvostopenjska varovalna zgradba.

EPR naj bi imel frekvenco poškodb jedra ''(ang. core damage frequency)'' 6.1&nbsp;×&nbsp;10<sup>−7</sup> na reaktor na leto.<ref>''[http://www.epr-reactor.co.uk/ssmod/liblocal/docs/V3/Volume%202%20-%20Design%20and%20Safety/2.R%20-%20Probabilistic%20Safety%20Assessment/2.R.1%20-%20Level%201%20Probabilistic%20Safety%20Assessment%20-%20v2.pdf EPR Level 1 Probabilistic Safety Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521142145/http://www.epr-reactor.co.uk/ssmod/liblocal/docs/V3/Volume%202%20-%20Design%20and%20Safety/2.R%20-%20Probabilistic%20Safety%20Assessment/2.R.1%20-%20Level%201%20Probabilistic%20Safety%20Assessment%20-%20v2.pdf |date=2011-05-21 }}''. Author: UK EPR.</ref>

EPR bo uporabljal [[jedrsko gorivo]] bolj učinkovito, približno 17% manj kot prejšnji reaktorji <ref>http://books.google.ie/books?id=LZ7zBwWLyLEC&pg=PA121&lpg=PA121&dq=ipsr+reactor&source=bl&ots=RjrcdZBH5t&sig=CFdyY4mBX774oMKN2D-Z2OAiZKk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=C5gvUdSXA5GThgft44DQAw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=ipsr%20reactor&f=false page 126.  3 Rs of Nuclear Power: Reading, Recycling, and Reprocessing Making a Better ... By Jan Forsythe</ref>.

==Sklici in reference==
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==Zunanje povezave==
*[http://areva.com/EN/global-offer-419/epr-reactor-one-of-the-most-powerful-in-the-world.html Official webpage]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070308123722/http://www.areva-np.com/common/liblocal/docs/Brochure/EPR_US_%20May%202005.pdf The EPR  – Areva brochure (2.6MB pdf)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070622213816/http://www.areva-np.com/us/liblocal/docs/EPR/U.S.EPRbrochure_1.07_FINAL.pdf Another Areva U.S. EPR brochure with slightly more detail (11.7MB pdf)]
*{{Cite document |url=http://www.nuclearinst.com/uploads/Branch%20Presentations/The%20EPR%20-%20K%20Ardron%20-%2030th%20Nov%202010.pdf |title=The EPR Design Proposed for UK New Nuclear Build |format=presentation |author=Keith Ardron |work=AREVA NP UK |publisher=Nuclear Institute |date=30 November 2010 |accessdate=14 May 2011 |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035424/http://www.largeassociates.com/3155%20Jersey/3155-R1%20-%20Draft%2031%20July%202006.pdf Large John H, Exploratory Review of the EdF Presentation in Support of the Proposal to Construct, Commission and Operate a 3rd Nuclear Power Plant at Flamanville, France, States of Jersey, August 2006]
*[http://www.global-chance.org/spip.php?article89 Nuclear power, the great illusion : Promises, setbacks and threats, Les Cahiers de Global Chance, 25th issue, October 2008]
{{Jedrski reaktorji}}
[[Kategorija:Jedrski reaktorji]]