Википедија

Strukovno udruženje

Strukovno udruženje (takođe se naziva profesionalno telo, profesionalna organizacija ili profesionalno društvo) nastoji da unapredi određenu profesiju, interese pojedinaca koji se bave tom profesijom i javni interes. U Sjedinjenim Državama takvo udruženje je obično neprofitna organizacija za poreske svrhe.[1]

Uloge

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Uloge profesionalnih udruženja su različito definisane: „Grupa ljudi koji se bave naučnim zanimanjem kojima je povereno da zadrže kontrolu ili nadzor nad zakonitom praksom zanimanja”;[2] takođe telo koje deluje tako „da štiti javni interes”;[3] organizacije koje „zastupaju interese profesionalnih praktičara”, i tako „deluju da bi zadržale vlastiti privilegovani i moćni položaj kontrolnog tela”.[3] U Velikoj Britaniji, Savet za nauku definiše profesionalno telo kao „organizaciju sa individualnim članovima koji se bave nekom profesijom ili zanimanjem u kojoj ta organizacija ima nadzor nad znanjem, veštinama, ponašanjem i bavljenjem tom profesijom ili zanimanjem”.[4] Agencija za osiguranje kvaliteta pravi razliku između statutarnih tela i regulatora koji „imaju ovlašćenja parlamenta da regulišu profesiju ili grupu profesija i štite upotrebu profesionalnih zvanja” i profesionalna tela koja su „nezavisne članske organizacije koje nadgledaju aktivnosti određene profesije i zastupaju interese [svojih] članova” koja „mogu na dobrovoljnoj osnovi ponuditi registraciju ili potvrdu neregulisanih zanimanja.”[5]

Većina profesionalnih organizacija globalnog opsega (pogledajte Spisak međunarodnih profesionalnih udruženja) nalazi se u Sjedinjenim Državama. SAD su često vodile transformaciju različitih zanimanja u profesije, proces opisan u akademskoj literaturi kao profesionalizacija.[6][7][8][9][10]

Mnoga stručna tela su uključena u akreditaciju diploma, definisanje i ispitivanje veština i kompetencija neophodnih za praksu osobe i dodeljivanje profesionalnih sertifikata koji ukazuju na to da je data osoba kvalifikovana za predmetnu oblast.[11] Ponekad je članstvo u profesionalnom telu sinonim za sertifikaciju, mada ne uvek. Članstvo u profesionalnom telu, kao zakonski uslov, može u nekim profesijama predstavljati primarnu formalnu osnovu za sticanje pristupa i uspostavljanje prakse u toj profesiji; pogledajte licenciranje.[12][13][14]

Mnoga profesionalna tela takođe deluju kao učena društva za akademske discipline u osnovi njihovih profesija.[1]

Reference

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  1. ^ а б Speight, James (2014-12-10). Educating Scientists and Engineers for Academic and Non-Academic Career Success. CRC Press. стр. 59. ISBN 9781466553576. Приступљено 24. 8. 2018. 
  2. ^ Harvey, L. (2004). „Professional body”. Quality Research International. Analytic Quality Glossary. 
  3. ^ а б Harvey, L.; Mason, S.; Ward, R. (1995). Role of Professional Bodies in Higher Education Quality Monitoring. Birmingham: Quality in Higher Education Project. ISBN 1-85920-108-3. 
  4. ^ „Our definition of a Professional Body”. Science Council. Приступљено 23. 2. 2019. 
  5. ^ „UK Quality Code for Higher Education: Part A: Seeing and Maintaining Academic Standards” (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. 2018. стр. 5—6. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 12. 04. 2019. г. Приступљено 23. 2. 2019. 
  6. ^ Nilsson, Henrik (n.d). „Professionalism, Lecture 5, What is a Profession?” (PDF). University of Nottingham. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 2007-09-26. г. Приступљено 2007-08-05. 
  7. ^ Weeden, Kim A. (2002). „Why Do Some Occupations Pay More than Others? Social Closure and Earnings Inequality in the United States”. American Journal of Sociology. University of Chicago Press. 108 (1): 55—101. ISSN 1537-5390. JSTOR 10.1086/344121. doi:10.1086/344121. 
  8. ^ Anne Witz (1990-11-01). „Patriarchy and Professions: The Gendered Politics of Occupational Closure”. Sociology. Soc.sagepub.com. 24 (4): 675—690. doi:10.1177/0038038590024004007. 
  9. ^ S. A. L. Cavanagh (2003-03-01). „The Gender of Professionalism and Occupational Closure: the management of tenure-related disputes by the 'Federation of Women Teachers' Associations of Ontario' 1918–1949”. Gender and Education. Ingentaconnect.com. 15 (1): 39—57. doi:10.1080/0954025032000042130. 
  10. ^ „Karen Mahony & Brett Van Toen, "Mathematical Formalism as a Means of Occupational Closure in Computing—Why 'Hard' Computing Tends to Exclude Women," Gender and Education, 2.3, 1990, pp. 319–31”. Приступљено 4. 10. 2014. 
  11. ^ „Professional bodies and professional qualification”. Target Jobs. Приступљено 23. 2. 2019. 
  12. ^ Careers in Interior Design. "Stages of Your Career: Licensing & Regulation." Архивирано 2015-05-10 на сајту Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Alternative & Unlicensed Practitioners. "Practicing Your Profession in Oregon Without a License, Legally and Ethically." December 6, 2014
  14. ^ Witz, Anne (1990). „Patriarchy and Professions: The Gendered Politics of Occupational Closure”. Sociology. 24 (4): 675—690. doi:10.1177/0038038590024004007. 

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