Iceland
Iceland（冰島）
Gaga kska Meycow ka Iceland, 65 00 N, 18 00 W ka gaga na nniqan.
Kana ka knlbangan na o 103,000 sq km（hangan na o Tg108）(knlbanga dxgal o 100,250 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 2,750 sq km).
Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 335,878 hiyi.
Gaga Reykjavik ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 17 idas 6 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan.
Manu ka dxgal Iceland ga wada sugan 18.7% ka dxgal qpahan, 0.3% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 81% na.
Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Michael D. Higgins, pnaah hngkawas2011 idas 11 jiyax 11pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.
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cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’
Bingtow (冰島）
Kingal towkow Baytasiang ka Pingtow wa mniq strngan Baytasiyang mi bapingyang rngawan dha qqtaan kngkingil Beyow rima klwaan. Niqan 10, knbkiyan3 km2 ka klwaan dxral pingtaw, 35knbkiyan ka sadiq kndrawan ananaq ini kparu ka knbrawan dxral na, kiyau tipiq bay klwaan Owcow sdiqun nnpqan kiya uri klwaan qnlangan ruma mnkingal tipiq bay sdiqun mniqan Reykoyaweyko ka pusu alang Pingtaw bay alang Pingtaw uri Sadiq msdalih pusu alang uqiyan hidaw hunac wada mangal dha tnutru na klwaan Wamniq baraw dudux Tasiyang ka Pingtaw, kiya ou bay ka dwiyaq puniq, mi ou bay lluwan pusu dxral ka klwaan.
Pusubay brnux dxral hnyuwan ka alang ini sdalih ucilung, oubalay dxral bnaqi ka alang na ruwan msukuy sqmaan tosi brnux mi yayung huda.
Ananaq minq ssiyaw daya bay Beycicyuan ka Pingtaw adawka, niqan Baytasiyang muxul uciung kiya ka malu bay karac na Klwaan qmpringan Reynhekwo Beytasiyang Kangyeycuc Ojyo Cuyo Mawyi Preynmong Ojyocingcici Betoriswey mi Cingcihoco Yi Hwacan, ka Pingtaw, kiya u ini tumal Ojyoreynmong .
Niqan scancing ci ka Pingtaw, dha kingal nanaq Cingcihocoyihwacancuc klwaan qmpringan pnsungan tullbu ka Sweyri, kiya uri o, kiya uri u sediq klwaan PIntaw niqan klwaan bqanan na pskbiyax Paseyng mi tuparu Cyawyi dnii Beyo pswaluk smblayaq.
Kngkawas 2014 mniq Reynhokwo jeynreyhwacancsu tiungan tumaxal turu ka Pingtaw.
Risi（歷史）
Nniq tumngari mi tumaxal ciida wada tbdilan dhuq brah Pingtaw ka sediq Sqantinaweyya mi sediq kayrtou.
yahuq na Nyosirang bukuy bay uka sediq paru baydxral mniq babaw dxral ka Pingtaw kongyeyn kngkawas 930 wada phiyu brah bay babaw dxral Yihwey (kari Pingtaw:Alpingi) uxay uri u wada phiyu Pingtaw cuyopan, Bukuy ananaq ini qbsiyaq ddaunnaqmpah ka Yihwey nii.
Tuura tadus tunux ka duma pnatas patas, sediq tadus tunux Arrang mniq brah dhuq hini kndusan Pingtaw ka sediq daya hidaw kiya daw, uka ka kawkusey mitah psdhu pnatas patas pntasan nii.
Bukuy na mccbu kngkawas maxal nii , smtama pusu pnyahan qcurux ka hbangan Pingyaw,kiya u adaw ka pusu pnyahan mi pklu nou bay mtdiyal ka ssiyaw klwaan.
ruwan na niqan mi hangan bay '' seyyicancng'' ka lngkwo. Cnduray nii pa. adaw ka ou bay hbangan wada na psaan Congkcngyey. kndudul ou babay qqita ka hbangan Pingtaw.
Bukuy na ddaunnaqmpah Yihwey nii pstutux mrana ka Reynriyey ini pstuq Cuyohwa mi ks hbangan na.
Kngkwasan 2008 miqan hbangan weyci ka Pingtaw kiya uri daw pstueuy pllutus cungcu unngtong mi pprxan.
spoda na EEA kiya ka ma Ojwoc qmpringan nniqan hbangan ka Pingtaw.
Kiya ka kiya ni ini usa tuumal Ojwomung, kngkwasan 2009 idax 7 diyax 17, quri Ojwomung rrihan kiwan tlungan brah jeytian ka seyhu Pingtaw ,mi mniq pusubay alang Bilis purusayr na Ojwomung cweyhwey musa tuumal Ojwomung. Kiya nniq kngkwasan 2015 idas 3 diyax 12 posa kari malix tuumal Ojwomung.
Cngc(政治）
Qmlahang(seyhu),
Pnhyuwan kngkwasanq 930 ka Arting Pingtaw, kiya pwla bay yihwey knxalan saya ka babaw dxral.
Kndadax kngkwasan 1991 pnoda yiyeyncu ka kwohwey saya, kana bay niqan tlungan63 qmpringan sediq, duma u kngkingal spac umaaw txal ka sediq klwaan kana.
Soto ka klwaan bukung. kngkawas spac ka qpahun na, ana nanaq knttu. inina spui npiya Congli ka pusu pwela seyhu. kiyau phyuwan soto,mi msupu na neykwo pdayi qpahun ndaan seyhu Kngkawas 2016 pwela muda umaaw yihwey, weda tukingal paru bay. Dang ka Tulidaang, mi wada tudha Dang ka meiril lidang.
wada tuturu paru Dang ka haytawdang, mi wada ngalan Panamawuceyn na Cingpudang tlungan yihwey mlih ou bay.
Puyani, pngnitikwotoson pusu tlungan Tulidang pnhiyu congli ka hiya.
Singcng-cyuhwa(行政區劃）
Pusu niqan alang, umaaw alang,seyn,s nyusan spac kiuwan ka nyusan alang qmpah klwaan Pingtaw tmhangan.
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1.nniqan Tareykoyaweyko
2.nniqan uqiyan hidaw hunac
3.nniqan uqiyan hidaw
4.nniqan Sisyawan
5.nniqan uqiyan hidaw daya
6.nniqan hnraan hidaw daya
7.nniqan huraan hidaw
8.nniqan daya
Tiri(地理）
Nniqan(位置)
Tlungan uyusan uqiyan hidaw Tanmayhaysiya mi mppqita Kolingranghay, ayus uqiyan hidaw Tasiyang. Tnbeyou, kana dxral na niqan Knbkiyan10.3 km2.
Ticu(地質)
Ticu kndadax Cawcong sings bukuy ciida, pniyah Tasiyang Congyancireyku hrinas na dxral niqan ucu utuwan na, kiya ka hosantaw.
Kari bay dwiyaqn puniq ka mniq ruwan taw , kiya phangan na Cicieynhotaw , kana bay niqan tlungan dha kbkuy dhuq turu kbkuy Hohousan.
Karac(氣候)
Lnghangan karac wa mniq bbaraw kntlxan, mqquri so wuntayhaysangsing. Lnghangan karac ka hunac nniqan.quri so tayyeyn lnghangan karac ka daya nniqan. Pusu na bay kndadax hunac nuda beytasiyang nuwanliyo, kiya ka niqan kingal muxul qluluy mtqiri uqiyan hidaw mi ddaya na. Kiya ka kiya ni, ananaq mniq sdalih beycicieyn, kntlxan na misan u idi ini llbu, kntlxan na rbawan u mniq iyax mpitudhuq maxal dha sos ka kana nniqan taw ruwan. Wa mniq ccka sdlihan Pingtaw tiya ,oubay pprixun ka karac. matas ou balay qyuxan quyux muway Pingtaw ka ciseyn, wa mniq iyax maxal kbkuy mm ka qnyuxan quyux snpwan kingal kngkawas ka uqiyan hidaw hunac nniqan mi uqiyan hidaw ,tutipiq hari quyux ka daya nniqan mi huraan hidaw daya, yabay spatul kbkuy dhuq kmxalan mturu kbkuy mm. Ana manu pskarac, niqan duma qmuyux mi pshuda.
Yayung mi dxral(水土)
Kndadax cka dxral mquri nganguc so balay hnyuwan mcbu ssiyaw ka yayung qluluy, pusu bay yayung u, niqan yayung huda Heyyey to Romu Dnii. Uxay wana tuspac Pinmaw cka ka pingtaw, Iciya u Knbataw dxral hiya pa, ida niqan psniki dxral yayung huda cnduray, pusu bay hnyuwan qrung yayung huda pinmaw, niqan tikuh bay yayung huda Pintou, nyusan na wada bay mangal kana alang 11.5%. Pusubay niqan Watonapin Yueyn Rangkopinyueyn, Hohuspinyu Eyn mi Mitapincwan, kiay daw Watonapinyueun nyusan na wada dhup 8450 Km², kndxan na mniq ccka piya hnq dhuq dha Km wana bay Nanci mi Kworingrang, kiya beyhing bay yayung huda mniq babaw dxal.
Mhmaan(植被)
Mhmaan mwarang mi uka bay hmaan pnwalang ka dxral himi, 24% ka dxral spriq, kiya ka tuou bay ka mptabu qpahan.ya bay wa niqan1.37% ka nraaw na, wa mniq bukuy sbhuran mi mquri so hidaw hrus mi ayu dxarl, pusu na bay u llbu qhuni huwa, cnduray kngkawas maxal mngari nadas ou bay ini kiicu mskuy Oumey harung mi qulic balay, malu bay ka kndkilan na.
Pusu alang(主要城市)
Pusu bay alang na, pusu bay alang na niqan paru bay alang keykoyawayko, Yokureyri、Hahunahuyyeydur, Kayhurawayko mi Kopawoyir ka Pingtaw.
| Bnkuwan | Hangan alang | Pingtaw Nyusan aiang qmpah kiwaan | Spuwan sediq |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kingal | Reykoyawayko | Tareykoyawaykoci | 121.490 |
| Dha | Kopawoyir | Sinanci | 32.308 |
| Turu | Hahunahuyeydur | Sinanci | 26.099 |
| Spac | Akureyri | Sinanci | 17.754 |
| Rima | Reycian eyspayir | Sinanci | 14231 |
| Mturu | Ciarcapair | Sinanci | 13,872 |
| Mpitu | Mosheydospayir | Sibeyci | 8886 |
| Mspac | Akoraneys | Sibuci | 6592 |
| Mngari | Seyrhus | Nanbuci | 6512 |
| Maxal | Niacweyko | Nanbuci | 4400 |
Cingci(經濟)
Rahuq na Reykoweyko kiya beyhing bay along ka Akureyri, Ou bay alang mi sediq alang tmqcurux kndusan na, kluwan qcurux yabay mangal 40% psaun dha klwaan icil ka Pingtaw wada mangal 8% na sediq mqpan.
Nongyey(農業)
Pndaan dha kngkawas 1890 smpu kana, pnyahan na ngalan qcurux niqan 1500839 tung. suda mdngu 3879000km2, bunga tumun 15341tung, trykung 902 tung,miric rudu 827.927 cu, dapa dmai 52346 pi, dapa 599933 cu. babuy 12965 cu tnbuwan 310724 cu
Kwoyey(工業)
Nung yeyn kwoyey(能源工業)
Msblayaq bay pusu na pnyahan Suweyli mi tije ka Pingtaw mrana bay ka nungyeyn kwoyey, mtuku bay ka teynli, llbu bay ka hbangan na. Mburrux bay kana kiwaan ka dnuuy na prnahan cisu tije.
Yeycing kwoyey (冶金工業)
Mniq Pindtaw himi mangal ini prana ka reynri mi reyn kan dmil kawhawnungcanyey.
Rahuq na uri, mniq Pingtaw Reykjanes pan taw mi daya Pingtaw phyuwan na Rican (kingal kngkawas ngalun na 30~40 bnkiyan tung) na dnausun wa psramal ka saya.
Snguyuyawyey (生物醫藥業)
Cnduray nii u ini biyaw mrana ka Pingtaw snguyucuyuyey wa mniq tuspac klwaan ka saya da wada pusu balay kngkingal eruc hbangan Pingtaw.
kiya pusu balay mnangal Pingtaw snguyusey mi dbrah qquran na Jiyang mi pprana.
Qqiya pnhyuwan kwoyay (建築材料工業)
qbras qqiya pstlxun riwanunban qqiya rcuhun dnii ana nanaq ptbska ngalan na alang ruwan mi bbriwan dha kiwaan icil uri.
Mpsalu qqiya ppryuxan rulu (汽車改裝業)
Dmuuy mpddiyun bay jipu ppryuxun na niqan beyhing kongli paru tduruy mniq yayung huda dwuyaq baraw sqmaan tasil dnil tmalang eiu na kingal nanaq jipu mpruway ddaun mi qyaan
Kikayi pspuwan juwan ti yey (計算機軟體業)
Pplahan bbriwan hmtur pcahu pkuuka pcahu tmsa mi saan tlmay juwanti kari balay kiya ka mniq kiwaan nii u pusu bay juwanti kngkingal psaun dha klwaan icil.
Qpahan pingtaw qmraq beyhing bay qcurux ucilung (冰島捕鯨業)
Mrana bay ka qpahan Pingtaw qmraq beyhing bay qcurux ucilung pnaltudan waya dhiya ka nii kiya daw ana nanaq kiuwan beyhing bay qcurux ucilung pkuuka balay kiya ka kingal kngkawas pa asi bay ka dhuq qmraq niqan balay spuwan beyhing bay qcuru ucilung ka dhiya mkan beyhing bay qcurux uciling tnsediq hini kiya u laxan dha qmnnaqah bay hiyi beyhing bay qcurux ucilung sliqan na ka bhuway rupung dha bbriwan Tanah Tunux.
Qpahun rmiwan(旅遊業）
Kingal nanaq ida nkiya mi qqtaan ka Pingtaw kari balay wana Pingtaw niqan ka ptaamak kiuwan rmiwaw misan daw kiya hbaraw sediq dngusan bay saan qmita rmdax beyci ka Pngtaw.
Noubay pniqan na hangan singpong rngawan dha knmalu bay dngusan rmiwan ka Pingtaw soka Tongu sing cyo8 (knciya tilicacu)(weypaw) dnii.
Nniqan spac rmiwaw klwaan ka Pingtaw psnaki na klwaan rmiwaw singkoweylir klwaan rmiwan snayhwapingcwan klwaan rmiwaw kahutasan mi kiwaan rmiean jeykusakworuhu Kngkawas 2008 klwaan rmiwan skahutasan mi klwaan rmiwan jeykusakworuhu wada msupu klwaan rmiwaw watonapingcwan saya da.
Niqan klwaan rmiwaw turu saya ka Pingtaw.
- Rmiwaw klawaan Sinkoweylir (Thingvellir), wa mniq uqiyan hidaw hunac, beyhing bayalang hnraan hidaw 50 Km, mniq kngkawas kang yueyn 930 pwla thdil sediq pingtaw, mniq hini muda tukingal kleaan 「Jinman Taybiyaw Tahwey」, pwla bay phiyu babaw dxral wada umaaw mangal Yuhuwey mi tukingal Seynhwa Pingtaw. Malubay qtaan ka alang hini, wada mcbac dxral dwiyaq Oua mi Meyjow tudha dxal quru mi mtasaw bay ucilung Yuhuwey mi niqan hangan mniq dadaw dxral. Kiya ka rmiwaw klwaan nii u hniti bay malu qtaan ka waya mi ida nkiya babaw dxal uri.
- Rmiyaw klwaan Watownapincwang nii pa( vatnajokull), wa mniq hnraan hidaw hunac Pingtaw, kiya nyusan beyhing bay rmiyaw klwaan mi ida nkiya nmiqan qlhangan. Pssliwa na kana yayung huda, dwiyaq puniq, ubiyuk, nraaw, tulaq ka rmiyaw nii. Ruwan rmiyaw qqtaan nii pa, niqan bay hangan ka jeykusarongpinghohu.
- Rmiwaw klwaan Snaheyrpincwang, wa mniq uqiyan hidaw Snasanpantaw ka Pingtaw, pnhyuwan Hwansnaheyrpingcwang.
Kana sdiqun(人口)
Hngkawas 1730 muda tukingal kmuuruy sdiqun ka Pingtaw, yabay niqan 50358 kana ka sediq, dhuq kngkawas 1801 daw wada mlih 47240. Kngkawas 1900 wada mrana cikuh hari, kngkawas 1901 mrana 78470. Plalay kngkawas 20 ini biyaw mdakil ka klwaan hbangan, mrana bay ka kana sediq uri, kngkawas 1940 dhuq 121,474. Mniq mccbu tudha babaw dxgal ciida, mi bukuy mccbu pwela, ini biyaw pstutuy ka kndusan sediq, mrana balay ka tnlqian sediq, mrana kngkawas mniq1950 dhuq bbaraw bay, kiya kndadax kngkawas 1960 daw, ini pstuq mlih da. Pusu na balay adaw ka pntingan na sediq wada mlih ini pstuq dhdil. Bukuy na mrmux kngkawas 1990 daw, snuwil ini biyaw mrana ka hbangan pintaw, mkara baraw ka pntingan sediq, wada kndudul mlih ka sediq thdilan pingtaw, kiyadaw Tongo mi thdilan sediq Ajou kndudul ou kngkingal kngkawas, ini biyaw mrana ka sediq knbrawan na.
Maxal mngari kngkawas cnduray nii, wada ou bay mlih hnqilan rabu laqi ka Pingtaw, Kngkawas 2001 dhuq kngkaqwas 2005 ciida, pntingan rabu laqi0.25% hnqilan knbaraw na, kiya ka llbu bay klwaan hnqlian knbaraw rabu laqi mniq babaw dxral kiya uri u, klwaan Beyo hnqilan knbaraw bbaraw hari kiya klwaan Hungrang 0.31% Naywey 0.35% Tangmay 0.44%.
Saya pa ya bay woda 332,529 sediq knbaraw uwarang minq .103,000 km2 (4,000 mi2) dxral klwaan hini.
Pnhulan Cjoro pusu bay
Pnhuran cyoro ka pusu bay pnhuran Pingtaw, ya bay niqan 86% sediq knhbaraw wa sluhay singciyaw singyicong (Rutobay), kiya msngari na Roma Teyncuciyaw mi kingal nanaq shlayan na kiyokay.
Bungka（文化）
Mqaras bay kngkingal klwaan mniq knlangan ka Pingtaw
kngkawas 2010 idas 6 diyax 27 wada muda smruwa mtna snaw mi qridil mstrung klwaan mniq knlangan ka Pingtaw. kiya ka mtna diyax, pnhyuwan ciida bukung Pingtaw Yeyhanna Siyiarcatoti mi bnsyaqan na tuhuy mstrung
ptasan patas（文學）
Pingtaw nii pa niqan bay hangan na pnyasan patas snalu patas ⎡Pingtaw sacia⎦, mniq knxalan Pingyaw ciid, kingal kluwan ssediq prading nniqan matas dha ppatas Ssu pntasan na ruwan pa pusu bay ndaan sediq mpahung mi ndaan tnsapah kiya u niqan bay hangan ka⟪Niyaar sacia⟫ mi pnrasan na sndan Koringrang mi Wungrang mi so mquri mangal dxral ndaan hiya ⟪Grenlendinga mi Eiriks⟫
Niqan qnhduwan pntasan patas
- Niyaarsa cia ssu (Brennu-Njals saga)
- Siayta (Samundaredda)
- Sanuwungayta (Snorra-Edda)
Bukuy na sci 20 Pingtaw na qndhuwan pntasan patas
- hwan tan la tuwan(The Sugar Cubes)
- piyi (Bjork)
- Skoros (Sigur Ros)
Tiyu (體育）
wada dha sun enca spruway klwaan ka boru bawa,
qnipringan boru bawa klwaan Pingtaw pa. enduwa bay bnkuwan tuempusal mniq babaw dxral Pingtaw Nniq Minyulingsu Hulda,
tnyuwan na qridil Pingtaw ttuwa mbiyax bay mniq pssung ungdopa, mi niqan balay spruun na sediq pnsung na qridil boru qaqay,maxal mngari bnkuwan na hangan mniq babaw dxral. spuung na boru qaqay snaw empusal dha mosa baraw na.
kiya ka qmpringan baru qaqay klwaan u musa tmsa boru qaqay nniqan alang, Kngkawas 2012 tuumal qmpringan klwaan pwela Pawtohuwaycun wada muda phiyu pssli hbangan, kiya ka msupu laqi mqrinuc mtur boru.
Niqan ou balay mtilux qsiya sapah nganguc ka klwaan ruwan sbuway na sediq mniiq muxul qsiya tmapa. Ruhuq na nii u biur tqriyun qmqah huda, mkksa dwiyaq yaapa dmai mi mkks qaqay smkuxal sediq kana
qmpringan kmurun ucilung Pingtaw 冰島海巡隊
ya bay niqan kingal kbkuy epitu kmxalan hiyi,kiyau niqan turu asu kmuruy ucilung, mi rima ka Hikoki pspriq
Ciyawyu (教育)
Mwarang bay Ciyawyu Ka Pingtaw, ya bay nuqan sediq maxal kmbkiyan Ka mpuuyas laqi mniq klwaan, wada mangal 1/3 mniq klwaan nniqan sediq. Niqan kmnkiyan Kingal mtrul kbkuy mnuyas paru pyasan sapah. Niqan mngari paru sapah pyasan ka klwaan, Pingtaw paru sapah pyasan () ka paru bay, kngkawas 2006 wada hmrinas sediq 9000 mniq sapah pyasan laqi muuyas. Vuwan na u wada hmrinas sediq kmbikiyan kingal wmptusa mi mpqan hiya.
Ddaun rulu(交通)
