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Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome(GJB6)

MedGen UID:
56416
Concept ID:
C0162361
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Autosomal dominant hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia; CLOUSTON HIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA; Clouston syndrome; Clouston's hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia; ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA 2, CLOUSTON TYPE; Ectodermal dysplasia 2, hidrotic; GJB6; Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
SNOMED CT: Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (54209007); Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome (54209007); Clouston syndrome (54209007)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
 
Gene (location): GJB6 (13q12.11)
 
HPO: HP:0007529
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0007510
OMIM®: 129500
Orphanet: ORPHA189

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Hidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia 2
Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 2, or Clouston syndrome (referred to as HED2 throughout this GeneReview) is characterized by a triad of major clinical features including partial-to-complete alopecia, nail dystrophy, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Sweating is preserved and there are usually no dental anomalies. Sparse scalp hair and dysplastic nails are seen early in life. In infancy, scalp hair is fine, sparse, and brittle. Progressive hair loss may lead to total alopecia by puberty. The nails may be milky white in early childhood; they gradually become dystrophic, thick, and distally separated from the nail bed. Palmoplantar keratoderma may develop during childhood and increases in severity with age. Associated features may include cutaneous hyperpigmentation (particularly over the joints) and finger clubbing. The clinical manifestations are highly variable even within the same family. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Jemima Mellerio  |  Danielle Greenblatt   view full author information

Additional descriptions

From OMIM
The main features of Clouston syndrome are dystrophy of the nails that tend to be hypoplastic and deformed with increased susceptibility to paronychial infections, defects of the hair that range from brittleness and slow growth rate to total alopecia, and moderate to severe palmoplantar hyperkeratosis with reduced keratinocyte desquamation (summary by Kibar et al., 1996).  http://www.omim.org/entry/129500
From MedlinePlus Genetics
Clouston syndrome is a form of ectodermal dysplasia, a group of about 150 conditions characterized by abnormal development of some or all of the ectodermal structures, which include the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. Specifically, Clouston syndrome is characterized by abnormalities of the hair, nails, and skin, with the teeth and sweat glands being unaffected.

In infants with Clouston syndrome, scalp hair is sparse, patchy, and lighter in color than the hair of other family members; it is also fragile and easily broken. By puberty, the hair problems may worsen until all the hair on the scalp is lost (total alopecia). The eyelashes, eyebrows, underarm (axillary) hair, and pubic hair are also sparse or absent.

Abnormal growth of fingernails and toenails (nail dystrophy) is also characteristic of Clouston syndrome. The nails may appear white in the first years of life. They grow slowly and gradually become thick and misshapen. In some people with Clouston syndrome, nail dystrophy is the most noticeable feature of the disorder.

Many people with Clouston syndrome have thick skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet (palmoplantar hyperkeratosis); areas of the skin, especially over the joints, that are darker in color than the surrounding skin (hyperpigmentation); and widened and rounded tips of the fingers (clubbing).  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/clouston-syndrome

Clinical features

From HPO
Abnormality of the hand
MedGen UID:
6715
Concept ID:
C0018564
Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormality affecting one or both hands.
Palmoplantar keratosis
MedGen UID:
44017
Concept ID:
C0022596
Disease or Syndrome
Abnormal thickening of the skin localized to the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot.
Abnormal foot morphology
MedGen UID:
1762829
Concept ID:
C5399834
Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormality of the skeleton of foot.
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Photophobia
MedGen UID:
43220
Concept ID:
C0085636
Sign or Symptom
Excessive sensitivity to light with the sensation of discomfort or pain in the eyes due to exposure to bright light.
Blepharitis
MedGen UID:
598
Concept ID:
C0005741
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation of the eyelids.
Conjunctivitis
MedGen UID:
1093
Concept ID:
C0009763
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Abnormality of the dentition
MedGen UID:
78084
Concept ID:
C0262444
Finding
Any abnormality of the teeth.
Sparse eyebrow
MedGen UID:
371332
Concept ID:
C1832446
Finding
Decreased density/number of eyebrow hairs.
Alopecia
MedGen UID:
7982
Concept ID:
C0002170
Finding
A noncongenital process of hair loss, which may progress to partial or complete baldness.
Ectodermal dysplasia
MedGen UID:
8544
Concept ID:
C0013575
Disease or Syndrome
Ectodermal dysplasia is a group of conditions in which there is abnormal development of the skin, hair, nails, teeth, or sweat glands.
Onycholysis
MedGen UID:
39324
Concept ID:
C0085661
Disease or Syndrome
Detachment of the nail from the nail bed.
Hyperpigmentation of the skin
MedGen UID:
57992
Concept ID:
C0162834
Pathologic Function
A darkening of the skin related to an increase in melanin production and deposition.
Nail dystrophy
MedGen UID:
66368
Concept ID:
C0221260
Disease or Syndrome
Onychodystrophy (nail dystrophy) refers to nail changes apart from changes of the color (nail dyschromia) and involves partial or complete disruption of the various keratinous layers of the nail plate.
Brittle hair
MedGen UID:
120480
Concept ID:
C0263490
Disease or Syndrome
Fragile, easily breakable hair, i.e., with reduced tensile strength.
Alopecia totalis
MedGen UID:
75525
Concept ID:
C0263504
Disease or Syndrome
Loss of all scalp hair.
Small nail
MedGen UID:
537942
Concept ID:
C0263523
Finding
A nail that is diminished in length and width, i.e., underdeveloped nail.
Fine hair
MedGen UID:
98401
Concept ID:
C0423867
Finding
Hair that is fine or thin to the touch.
Slow-growing hair
MedGen UID:
371309
Concept ID:
C1832348
Finding
Hair whose growth is slower than normal.
Nail dysplasia
MedGen UID:
331737
Concept ID:
C1834405
Congenital Abnormality
The presence of developmental dysplasia of the nail.
Sparse eyelashes
MedGen UID:
375151
Concept ID:
C1843300
Finding
Decreased density/number of eyelashes.
Absent pubic hair
MedGen UID:
349155
Concept ID:
C1859391
Finding
Absence of pubic hair.
Absent axillary hair
MedGen UID:
347869
Concept ID:
C1859392
Finding
Absence of axillary hair.
Strabismus
MedGen UID:
21337
Concept ID:
C0038379
Disease or Syndrome
A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.
Cataract
MedGen UID:
39462
Concept ID:
C0086543
Disease or Syndrome
A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVHidrotic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome
Follow this link to review classifications for Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome in Orphanet.

Conditions with this feature

Ectodermal dysplasia-sensorineural deafness syndrome
MedGen UID:
346503
Concept ID:
C1857068
Disease or Syndrome
Ectodermal dysplasia-sensorineural deafness syndrome is characterised by hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, sensorineural hearing loss, and contracture of the fifth fingers. It has been described in brother and sister born to consanguineous parents. The girl also presented with thoracic scoliosis. The mode of inheritance is likely to be autosomal recessive.
Autosomal dominant deafness - onychodystrophy syndrome
MedGen UID:
382676
Concept ID:
C2675730
Disease or Syndrome
The DDOD syndrome is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of congenital deafness and onychodystrophy. Conical, hypoplastic teeth is also a feature (Robinson et al., 1962). See also DOOR syndrome (220500), an autosomal recessive disorder, which includes congenital deafness, onychodystrophy, osteodystrophy, and mental retardation.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Jahnke MN, O'Haver J, Gupta D, Hawryluk EB, Finelt N, Kruse L, Jen M, Horii KA, Frieden IJ, Price H, Coughlin CC
Pediatrics 2021 Dec 1;148(6) doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-051536. PMID: 34845496
Wright JT, Fete M, Schneider H, Zinser M, Koster MI, Clarke AJ, Hadj-Rabia S, Tadini G, Pagnan N, Visinoni AF, Bergendal B, Abbott B, Fete T, Stanford C, Butcher C, D'Souza RN, Sybert VP, Morasso MI
Am J Med Genet A 2019 Mar;179(3):442-447. Epub 2019 Jan 31 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61045. PMID: 30703280Free PMC Article
Garzon MC, Epstein LG, Heyer GL, Frommelt PC, Orbach DB, Baylis AL, Blei F, Burrows PE, Chamlin SL, Chun RH, Hess CP, Joachim S, Johnson K, Kim W, Liang MG, Maheshwari M, McCoy GN, Metry DW, Monrad PA, Pope E, Powell J, Shwayder TA, Siegel DH, Tollefson MM, Vadivelu S, Lew SM, Frieden IJ, Drolet BA
J Pediatr 2016 Nov;178:24-33.e2. Epub 2016 Sep 19 doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.07.054. PMID: 27659028Free PMC Article

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