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Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome(CDHS)

MedGen UID:
377694
Concept ID:
C1852510
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: CDHS; Features of flat facial profile, hypertelorism, hypoplastic nose with slitlike nares, and a sensorineural hearing loss
SNOMED CT: Craniofacial deafness hand syndrome (702362004); Sommer Young Wee Frye syndrome (702362004)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
 
Gene (location): PAX3 (2q36.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0007395
OMIM®: 122880
Orphanet: ORPHA1529

Definition

Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome (CDHS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, hand abnormalities, absent or hypoplastic nasal and wrist bones, and severe sensorineural hearing impairment (summary by Gad et al., 2008). [from OMIM]

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome is characterized by distinctive facial features, profound hearing loss, and hand abnormalities.

The distinctive facial features of people with craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome result from a variety of developmental abnormalities involving the skull (cranium) and face. Affected individuals often have underdeveloped or absent nasal bones resulting in a small nose, thin nostrils, and a flattened mid-face with a flat nasal bridge. Individuals with this condition typically also have widely spaced eyes (ocular hypertelorism), narrowed openings of the eyes (narrowed palpebral fissures), a small upper jaw (hypoplastic maxilla), and a small mouth with pursed lips.

People with this condition also have profound hearing loss that is caused by abnormalities in the inner ear (sensorineural deafness). Hearing loss in these individuals is present from birth.

In affected individuals, a common abnormality of the muscles in the hand is a malformation in which all of the fingers are angled outward toward the fifth finger (ulnar deviation). People with craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome may also have permanently bent third, fourth, and fifth fingers (camptodactyly), which can limit finger movement and lead to joint deformities called contractures. Contractures in the wrist can further impair hand movements.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/craniofacial-deafness-hand-syndrome

Clinical features

From HPO
Ulnar deviation of the hand
MedGen UID:
66031
Concept ID:
C0241521
Finding
Divergence of the longitudinal axis of the hand at the wrist in a posterior (ulnar) direction (i.e., towards the little finger).
Sensorineural hearing loss disorder
MedGen UID:
9164
Concept ID:
C0018784
Disease or Syndrome
A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve.
Hypoplasia of the maxilla
MedGen UID:
66804
Concept ID:
C0240310
Congenital Abnormality
Abnormally small dimension of the Maxilla. Usually creating a malocclusion or malalignment between the upper and lower teeth or resulting in a deficient amount of projection of the base of the nose and lower midface region.
Malar flattening
MedGen UID:
347616
Concept ID:
C1858085
Finding
Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation.
Downslanted palpebral fissures
MedGen UID:
98391
Concept ID:
C0423110
Finding
The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.
Telecanthus
MedGen UID:
140836
Concept ID:
C0423113
Finding
Distance between the inner canthi more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparently increased distance between the inner canthi.
Narrow naris
MedGen UID:
604875
Concept ID:
C0426439
Finding
Slender, slit-like aperture of the nostril.
Depressed nasal bridge
MedGen UID:
373112
Concept ID:
C1836542
Finding
Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.
Flat face
MedGen UID:
342829
Concept ID:
C1853241
Finding
Absence of concavity or convexity of the face when viewed in profile.
Short nose
MedGen UID:
343052
Concept ID:
C1854114
Finding
Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip.
Hypertelorism
MedGen UID:
9373
Concept ID:
C0020534
Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVCraniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome
Follow this link to review classifications for Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome in Orphanet.

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Aellen FM, Van der Meer J, Dietmann A, Schmidt M, Bassetti CLA, Tzovara A
Eur J Neurol 2024 Jan;31(1):e16026. Epub 2023 Aug 13 doi: 10.1111/ene.16026. PMID: 37531449Free PMC Article
Gad A, Laurino M, Maravilla KR, Matsushita M, Raskind WH
Am J Med Genet A 2008 Jul 15;146A(14):1880-5. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32402. PMID: 18553554Free PMC Article
Sommer A, Bartholomew DW
Am J Med Genet A 2003 Nov 15;123A(1):91-4. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20501. PMID: 14556253

Diagnosis

Aellen FM, Van der Meer J, Dietmann A, Schmidt M, Bassetti CLA, Tzovara A
Eur J Neurol 2024 Jan;31(1):e16026. Epub 2023 Aug 13 doi: 10.1111/ene.16026. PMID: 37531449Free PMC Article
Gad A, Laurino M, Maravilla KR, Matsushita M, Raskind WH
Am J Med Genet A 2008 Jul 15;146A(14):1880-5. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32402. PMID: 18553554Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Sommer A, Bartholomew DW
Am J Med Genet A 2003 Nov 15;123A(1):91-4. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20501. PMID: 14556253

Clinical prediction guides

Gad A, Laurino M, Maravilla KR, Matsushita M, Raskind WH
Am J Med Genet A 2008 Jul 15;146A(14):1880-5. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32402. PMID: 18553554Free PMC Article

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