afrdis akruran
afrdis akruran (s tfransist: élément chimique) d tagrumma n iblkimn (atome) ẓlinin s yan wuṭṭun imdn n ibrutunen g wuẓm (noyau) nnsn. uṭṭun ad, nna nttara s Z, nttini as uṭṭun awblkim n ufrdis akruran. g tilawt, tiɣariwin tikruranin n iblkimn ttuswttant s tuskiwt nnsn tawliktrunt nna iqqnen srid s wuṭṭun n ibrutunen n wuẓm nnsn, aynna yakkan mas d iblkimn yaksuln g wuṭṭun awblkim ttiksiln asnt tɣariwin tikruranin. g unmgal, zmrn iblkimn n ufrdis akruran igan yan ad ilin yan wuṭṭun imzarayn n inutrunen g wuẓm nnsn, ar asn nttini tiẓutufin (isotopes).
ahidrujin, akarbun, aẓut, uksijin, uzzal, anas, aẓrf, urɣ, atg. gan ifrdisn ikruranen. yal yuwn dgsn ittusnkad s yan yinigl akruran: H, C, N, O, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au, atg. g uɣrud, ttyafan ar assa 118 n ifrdisn ikruranen, sg wuṭṭun awblkim 1 ar 118. sgsn, 94 n ifrdin ttusmagin ɣf wakal g wammas agaman, d 80 ɣursn s tdrsi yan uẓutuf izgan (wid akk ɣrsn uṭṭun awblkim imẓẓiy ɣf nɣ igda 82 amr ifrdisn 43 d 61).
ẓḍarn ifrdisn ikruranen ad munen g tizi n imyaggatn ikruranen bar ad ssilɣn yat tartalla n wuddisn ikruranen. s umdya, aman gan tayafut n usnay n wuksijin d uhidrujin aynna aɣ yakkan afnuz bu tnfalit takrurant H2O — sin iblkimn n uhidrujin d yan ublkim n wuksijin. g tfadiwin tiwmhalin imyallan, izmr wuksijin d uhidrujin ad fkn uddisn imyallan, amm abiruksid n uhidrujin nɣ d aman ittuksijinan, bu tanfalit H2O2 — sin iblkimn n uhidrujin d sin iblkimn n wuksijin. g unmgal, yal uddis akruran iɣy ad iry ig ifrdisn imyallan, s umdya aman ẓḍarn ad ttuliktrulizan ɣr wuksijin d uhidrujin.
tanga tazddagt yulɣn s iblkimn n ufrdis akruran igan yan nqqar as tafkka tafrart, ur issin ad try ɣr ifrdisn imyallan, mka, a s nsmziriy gr tfkka tfrart d ufrdis akruran. s umdya, uksijin d afrdis akruran, maca urrig nna akk nssn d nna mi nttini g wawal n yal ass "uksijin" hat tafkka tafrart ayd iga ig yism nns unɣid asinuksijin, tanfalit nns O2, bar ad t nsmyilli d wuẓun bu tnfalit O3, igan altu tafkka tafrart; uẓun d usinuksijin gan anawn isnfliḍnanen n ufrdis uksijin. addad anaway n yan ufrdis akruran d addad n tfkka tafrart mi tga tntalfit (Enthalpie) tanawayt n ussilɣ tanlmaḍt akk g tfadiwin timagnutin n uzɣal d ussikl, igdan 0 s umsasa.
afrdis akruran ur issin ad infl ɣr yan ufrdis yaḍn s umyagga akruran, amyagga anuẓm ittusmman ammskl anuẓm ka'ay iẓḍarn ad ig asnfl ad. asnml ad isnfali t i tikklt izwarn umskrura afransis antwan labwazyi g 1789[1],[2].
ifrdisn ikruranen ttusmaln g tmyurt g yat tflwit d ikkan tiwuriwin n umskrura arusi dimitri mundalif ar as ttinin "taflwit tawalant n ifrdisn":
→↓ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
1 | 1 H |
2 He | |||||||||||||||||
2 | 3 Li |
4 Be |
5 B |
6 C |
7 N |
8 O |
9 F |
10 Ne | |||||||||||
3 | 11 Na |
12 Mg |
13 Al |
14 Si |
15 P |
16 S |
17 Cl |
18 Ar | |||||||||||
4 | 19 K |
20 Ca |
21 Sc |
22 Ti |
23 V |
24 Cr |
25 Mn |
26 Fe |
27 Co |
28 Ni |
29 Cu |
30 Zn |
31 Ga |
32 Ge |
33 As |
34 Se |
35 Br |
36 Kr | |
5 | 37 Rb |
38 Sr |
39 Y |
40 Zr |
41 Nb |
42 Mo |
43 Tc |
44 Ru |
45 Rh |
46 Pd |
47 Ag |
48 Cd |
49 In |
50 Sn |
51 Sb |
52 Te |
53 I |
54 Xe | |
6 | 55 Cs |
56 Ba |
* |
71 Lu |
72 Hf |
73 Ta |
74 W |
75 Re |
76 Os |
77 Ir |
78 Pt |
79 Au |
80 Hg |
81 Tl |
82 Pb |
83 Bi |
84 Po |
85 At |
86 Rn |
7 | 87 Fr |
88 Ra |
* * |
103 Lr |
104 Rf |
105 Db |
106 Sg |
107 Bh |
110 Ds |
111 Rg |
112 Cn |
113 Nh |
114 Fl |
115 Mc |
116 Lv |
117 Ts |
118 Og | ||
↓ | |||||||||||||||||||
Lanthanides | * |
57 La |
58 Ce |
59 Pr |
60 Nd |
61 Pm |
62 Sm |
63 Eu |
64 Gd |
65 Tb |
66 Dy |
67 Ho |
68 Er |
69 Tm |
70 Yb |
||||
Actinides | * * |
89 Ac |
90 Th |
91 Pa |
92 U |
93 Np |
94 Pu |
95 Am |
96 Cm |
97 Bk |
98 Cf |
99 Es |
100 Fm |
101 Md |
102 No |
isnmal
[edit | edit source]ismawn, iniglan
[edit | edit source]g 2011, tdggi tamunt tagraɣlant n tkrura tazddagt d tmsnast (UICPA) ismawn s tnglizt d iniglan ikruranen igraɣlanen n 112 n ifrdisn imzwura (s unmala n wuṭṭun awblkim)[3]. g 31 may 2012, ismma UICPA sin ifrdisn yaḍn, aflirubyum Fl d ulibirmuryum Lv (uṭṭun 114 d 116)[4],[5]. g 31 dujanbir 2015 issuded UICPA inniy n kkuẓ n ifrdisn yaḍn, win wuṭṭunen iwblkimn 113, 115, 117 d 118, maca ur asn ifki kra n yismawn igguran. maca da ttwannan s yismawn imaddasn iran ad infl ad day asn ttustayn yismawn, ad tn igan d unutryum (Uut), ununbuntyum (Uuv), ununsatyum (Uus) d ununuktyum (Uuo)[6], maca umẓn ismawn nnsn igguran g 28 nuwanbir 2016, s uzrak anihunyum (Nh), amuskubyum (Mc), atinis (Ts) d uganisun (Og)[7].
anammr
[edit | edit source]Z | afrdis | ppm |
---|---|---|
1 | ahidrujin | 739 000 |
2 | ahilyum | 240 000 |
8 | uksijin | 10 400 |
6 | aẓuẓim | 4 600 |
10 | anyyun | 1 340 |
26 | uzzal | 1 090 |
7 | aẓut | 960 |
14 | asilisyum | 650 |
12 | amagnizyum | 580 |
16 | awḍis | 440 |
iniglan, tasmlismt d ussmil
[edit | edit source]tiɣariwin n ifrdisn imyallan
[edit | edit source]isuɣal
[edit | edit source]tadlsumuɣt
[edit | edit source]ẓr altu
[edit | edit source]isaɣuln
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Traité élémentaire de chimie, p.101.
- ↑ amsnfizi d umskrura ayrlandi rubir buyl, nna wala ittusnkadn mas iga amara n tmiḍrant n ufrdis akruran, pratiquait en fait l'alchimie et recherchait le moyen de procéder à la transmutation des métaux entre eux. C'est davantage dans le domaine de l'atomisme qu'il a été précurseur, avec ses travaux fondateurs sur la physique des gaz et l'énoncé de la loi de Mariotte.
- ↑ IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements taflwit tawalant n ifrdisn, sg ɣur l'IUPAC (21 innayr 2011). 9 bṛayṛ 2016.
- ↑ (en) Element 114 is Named Flerovium and Element 116 is Named Livermorium Les éléments 114 et 116 sont nommés flérovium et livermorium. consulté le 9-2-2016
- ↑ IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements taflwit tawalant n ifrdisn sg ɣur l'UICPA 1-5-2013).16-09-2015
- ↑ IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements taflwit tawalant n ifrdisn, sg ɣur l'UICPA (8-1-2016). consulté le 9-2-2016.
- ↑ (en) Elements 113, 115, 117, and 118 are now formally named nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts), and oganesson (Og) 30-11-2016.
- ↑ Alchemy of the Heavens. kin kruswil. taẓrigt tamzwarut. ancur. nyu yurk. bṛayṛ 1996. (ISBN 978-0-385-47214-2) ɣr g uzday