室女座干涉儀：修订间差异
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{{Infobox organization
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| status =
| purpose = [[重力波]]探測
| headquarters = [[
| location = Cascina
| coords = {{coord|43.6313|10.5045|type:landmark_region:IT_dim:3000|display=inline,title}}
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| methods =
| fields = 基础研究
| membership = [[法國國家科學研究中心|CNRS]] ([[法國]]), [[義大利國立核子物理機構|INFN]] ([[義大利]]), [[NIKHEF]] ([[荷蘭]]), [https://web.archive.org/web/20151004025632/http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/AllSky/Virgo/POLGRAW.htm POGRAW] ([[波蘭]]) and [http://www.grid.kfki.hu/twiki/bin/view/RmiVirgo/WebHome RMKI] ([[匈牙利]])
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'''
{{cite journal
|first1=J.L. |last1=Cervantes-Cota
|first2=S. |last2=Galindo-Uribarri
|first3=G.F. |last3=Smoot
|title=A Brief History of Gravitational Waves
|journal=Universe
|volume=2
|number=3
|year=2016
|pages=22
|doi=10.3390/universe2030022|bibcode=2016Univ....2...22C
}}</ref>{{rp|第12節}}
2016年初，
LIGO的執行董事David Reitze於2016年2月11日宣布於2015年9月首次觀測到[[GW150914]]重力波成果<ref name="Discovery 2016">{{cite journal |title=Einstein's gravitational waves found at last |journal=Nature News
== 先进室女座探测器 ==
先进室女座干涉儀探测器旨在成為比初期室女座干涉儀探测器有10倍以上的敏感度。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0264-9381/32/2/024001 |title=Advanced Virgo: a second-generation interferometric gravitational wave detector - IOPscience |doi=10.1088/0264-9381/32/2/024001 |website=Iopscience.iop.org |date=2014-12-18 |accessdate=2016-02-11}}</ref>
一个先進室女座干涉儀的里程碑應該在2016年安裝的新探測器被達到。第一次與LIGO联合科學運行是在2016年下半年，接下来試運行期是幾個月。先進室女座干涉儀的全部設計靈敏度應在2018年實現。
▲處女座干涉儀由五個國家所組成：[[法國]]和義大利、[[荷蘭]]、[[波蘭]]與[[匈牙利]]。其他類似的干涉儀包含[[美國]][[雷射干涉重力波天文台]]。自2007年以來，雷射干涉重力波天文台和處女座干涉儀共享並共同分析偵測到的數據，並共同發表研究結果。
升級後的先進室女座干涉儀於2017年8月1日正式加入LIGO兩個探測器的搜索行列，這三個探測器能夠較為精確地給出引力波波源的位置<ref>{{cite web
▲處女座干涉儀名稱來自[[室女座星系團]]，它大約包含1,500個[[星系]]，距離地球約5,000萬[[光年]]。因為室女座星系團有[[雙星]]系統、[[中子星]]、[[黑洞]]、[[超新星]]爆炸，觀測到重力波的機會較高。
| url =http://public.virgo-gw.eu/virgo-joins-ligo-o2-data-taking-period/
| title =Virgo joins LIGO for the Observation Run 2 (O2) data-taking period
| last =Razzano
| first =Massimiliano
| date =2017-08-01
| website =VIRGO
| publisher =
| access-date =
| quote =
| archive-date =2017-08-03
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170803103101/http://public.virgo-gw.eu/virgo-joins-ligo-o2-data-taking-period/
| dead-url =no
}}</ref>。
== 图片 ==
▲2016年初，處女座干涉儀逐漸升級，完成後將與雷射干涉重力波天文台共同合作。先進雷射干涉重力波天文台自2015年9月後就開始運作<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caltech.edu/news/advanced-ligo-begin-operations-47898 |title=Advanced LIGO to Begin Operations | Caltech |website=Caltech.edu |date=2015-09-15 |accessdate=2016-02-11}}</ref>。
<gallery mode="packed">
▲LIGO的執行董事David Reitze於2016年2月11日宣布於2015年9月首次觀測到重力波<ref name="Discovery 2016">{{cite journal |title=Einstein's gravitational waves found at last |journal=Nature News| url=http://www.nature.com/news/einstein-s-gravitational-waves-found-at-last-1.19361 |date=February 11, 2016 |last=Castelvecchi |first=Davide |last2=Witze |first2=Witze |doi=10.1038/nature.2016.19361 |accessdate=2016-02-11 }}</ref><ref name='Abbot'>{{cite journal |title=Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger| authors=B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration)| journal=Physical Review Letters| year=2016| volume=116|issue=6| url=https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 | doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102}}</ref><ref name='NSF'>{{cite web|title = Gravitational waves detected 100 years after Einstein's prediction {{!}} NSF - National Science Foundation|url = http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=137628|website = www.nsf.gov|access-date = 2016-02-11}}</ref>。
File:Virgo Cascina panorama.jpg|室女座干涉儀的現場總覽。
File:VirgoDetectorAerialView.jpg|室女座探測器的鳥瞰圖。
File:IGP9211.JPG|Start of the Virgo north arm; in the foreground on the right, the central building.
File:IGP9215.JPG|室女座干涉儀的3 km长北部长臂。
File:IGP9210.JPG|The Virgo site with, in the foreground, the building which hosts the detector control room and the local computer center.
File:Virgo Cascina Central building.jpg|The Virgo central building which hosts the laser and the beamsplitter mirror.
File:IGP9212.JPG|View of the 3 km-long Virgo west arm (right pipe). The tube on the left, which is 150 m-long, hosts the mode-cleaner cavity which is used to filter spatially the laser beam.
</gallery>
==參考文獻==
{{reflist}}
==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060713230620/http://www.ego-gw.it/virgodescription/pag_4.html Description on EGO's website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071014004427/http://www.virgo.infn.it/ Virgo's homepage]
* [https://tds.ego-gw.it/ql/?c=8940 Advanced Virgo Technical Design Report]{{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130413031159/https://tds.ego-gw.it/ql/?c=8940 |date=2013-04-13 }}
{{引力波}}
{{阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦奖章获得者}}
[[Category:引力波探测器|J]]
[[Category:干涉仪]]
[[Category:引力波望远镜]]
[[Category:阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦奖章获得者]]
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