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發正念：修订间差异

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'''发正念'''（英文或是[[法轮功]]提倡的一种[[儀式]]。法輪功學員認為通过修炼者自身发出的“[[念_(佛教)|正念]]”，可譯以运用超常的能力，清除敗壞物質，使正的因素發揮作用<ref name="GallagherAshcraft2006">{{langcite book |enauthor1 = Eugene V. Gallagher |Sendingauthor2 Forth= RighteousW. Thought}}）<ref>{{citeMichael Ashcraft |title = Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America (Five Volumes) web|url = http://wwwbooks.minghuigoogle.orgcom.hk/mhbooks?id=oZiScvbS6-cC&pg=PA175&redir_esc=y&hl=zh-CN&sourceid=cndr#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate = 5 January 2013 |date = 1 October 2006 |publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group |ISBN = 978-0-313-05078-7 |page = 175 |archive-date = 2018-03-24 |archive-url = https:/articles/2001web.archive.org/5web/3120180324162226/11680https://books.html|titlegoogle.com.hk/books?id=三发正念oZiScvbS6-cC&pg=PA175&redir_esc=y&hl=zh-CN&sourceid=cndr#v=onepage&q&f=false 根除邪恶|workdead-url =明慧网 no }}</ref>是[[法轮功]]在被[[中华人民共和国政府]]鎮壓后对炼功人提出的一种理念。其目的在于通过修炼者自身发出的“正念”，纠正自身或其它物质生命中的不正或清除控制人干坏事的邪恶因素。2001年5月19日的一次大会上，[[李洪志]]呼吁法轮功学员发正念。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gb.falundafa.org/chigb/jiangfa2_1.htm|title=美国佛罗里达法会讲法|access-date=2013-02-01|archive-date=2020-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925130802/https://gb.falundafa.org/chigb/jiangfa2_1.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>Kai-Ti Chou提到修炼者相信每天发正念几次可清除邪恶势力，帮助他们克服艰难的局势。<ref name="Chou2007">{{cite book |author=Kai-Ti Chou |title=Contemporary religious movements in Taiwan: rhetorics of persuasion |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=e_sQAQAAIAAJ |accessdate=5 January 2013 |year=2007 |publisher=Edwin Mellen Press |ISBN = 978-0-7734-5241-1 |pages = 159-160|quote=Practitioners hope that through sending forth righteous several times days around the world, a strong righteous power will grow to destroy the evil forces or help them overcome their difficult situation.}}</ref><ref name="Rahn">{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/714005633 |title =The Chemistry of a Conflict: The Chinese Government and the Falun Gong |year=2002|last1=Rahn |first1=Patsy |journal=Terrorism and Political Violence |volume=14 |issue=4 |page = 41}}</ref>有研究者认为，发正念是法轮功“正法”运动的一个组成部分，他们。修習者试图以发正念清除邪惡干擾，传播大法真相并喚起世人正念。<ref name="Living-Room">{{cite web |url = http://coombs.anu.edu.au/SpecialProj/ASAA/biennial-conference/2004/Yu-H-ASAA2004.pdf |title=The New Living-Room War: Media Campaigns and Falun Gong | publisher=The University of Melbourne |accessdate=2013-02-02 |author=Haiqing Yu | page=10 |archive-date=2012-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919120835/http://coombs.anu.edu.au/SpecialProj/ASAA/biennial-conference/2004/Yu-H-ASAA2004.pdf |dead-url=no 10}}</ref>
 
==歷史==
有研究者认为，法轮功通过这种内部封闭式教条来控制信徒思维辩证，从而达到其反共目的。<ref name="GallagherAshcraft2006">{{cite book |author1 = Eugene V. Gallagher |author2 = W. Michael Ashcraft |title=Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America (Five Volumes) |url = http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=oZiScvbS6-cC&pg=PA175&redir_esc=y&hl=zh-CN&sourceid=cndr#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=5 January 2013|date=1 October 2006|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |ISBN = 978-0-313-05078-7 |page=175}}</ref>
類似法輪功發正念的类似名词，可見於佛學典籍，中国及日本的[[大藏經]]资料中均有“[[念 (佛教)|正念]]”的说法，其出现时间比法轮功所指的发正念要早。<ref>{{cite book |title = 新編縮本乾隆大藏經 | publisher=新文豐出版公司 |page = 11}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title = 大正新脩大蔵経: 法華部 : 全 ; 華嚴部 (上) |publisher = 大正一切経刊行会 |authorlink = takakusu junjiro |location = 庆应义塾大学 |page = 68 |url = http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=Kv0xy2yqdpIC&q=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&dq=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ei=jcMLUYbSEqSRigfrqYDQBA&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBjgU |access-date = 2013-02-01 |archive-date = 2014-04-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407055502/http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=Kv0xy2yqdpIC&q=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&dq=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ei=jcMLUYbSEqSRigfrqYDQBA&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBjgU |dead-url = no }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=淨化人生的維摩經 | publisher=法鼓文化 | author=[[聖嚴法師]] | page=231 | ISBN=957598093X | url=http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=TlLW9Qk6xDgC&pg=PA231&dq=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ei=38ILUf3zErC0iQeJ_oCgAg&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&f=false | access-date=2013-02-01 | archive-date=2014-04-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407060013/http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=TlLW9Qk6xDgC&pg=PA231&dq=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ei=38ILUf3zErC0iQeJ_oCgAg&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&f=false | dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=佛家靜坐方法論 |publisher=台灣商務印書館 |author=高登海 |year=1992 |location=台灣 |page=65 |ISBN=9570505745 |url=http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=UJluKlTsKq4C&pg=PA65&dq=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ei=oMILUdKOM-yyiQex04CQAg&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&f=false |access-date=2013-02-01 |archive-date=2014-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407055459/http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=UJluKlTsKq4C&pg=PA65&dq=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ei=oMILUdKOM-yyiQex04CQAg&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&f=false |dead-url=no }}</ref>
 
法輪功的“发正念”最初於2001年4月出現在網站上。2001年5月25日，法轮功学员信息网站[[明慧网]]的编辑部发布信息，就“发正念”的时间、口诀、要點，进行统一配合，如曾要求2001年的6月10日起，“全世界大法弟子将每周一次，在固定时间内共同发正念清除三界内破坏大法的邪恶”。<ref name="GallagherAshcraft2006"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2001/5/25/11455.html|title=发正念|work=明慧网|access-date=2013-02-01|archive-date=2020-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205144132/https://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2001/5/25/11455.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Rahn" />自此之后，明慧网、[[新唐人電視]]、[[放光明台灣電視製作中心]]、[[人民報]]、澳洲光明网等网站陆续不斷有法轮功学员現身或撰文宣传證明发正念造成出現的神迹。不過據說，信眾也有很多文章以親身感受針對發正念的使用和效果進行交流。認為將發正念用在常人生活中為私心目的就不管用，唯有符合法輪大法真善忍標準，以正法為目的才能發揮作用。發正念時，心態不穩、懷疑、氣恨、雜念等等不正確狀態會導致不起作用<ref>{{可疑cite news|Talk:title=正见文摘 第027期 发正念 专辑(四)|reasondate=据谁说？2002-06-18| language=|publisher=[[正見網]]|url=https://edit.zhengjian.org/node/16498|accessdate=2021-04-02|archive-date=2018年10月2021-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228031808/https://edit.zhengjian.org/node/16498|dead-url=no}}</ref>。▼
==由来==
 
“发正念”这一概念是最初於2001年4月出現在網站上。[[法轮功]]创始人[[李洪志]]于2001年12月29日，在美国佛罗里达法会的讲法中明确提出，说明“正法时期”大法弟子要做的“三件事”之一就是“发正念”<ref name="GallagherAshcraft2006" />。2002年，与李洪志有联系的法轮功學員网站[[明慧網]]编辑，建议法轮功海外修炼者将发正念“作为日常生活的一部分直至迫害结束”。<ref name="Porter2003">{{cite book |author=Noah Porter |title=Falun Gong in the United States: An Ethnographic Study |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=-vyOdnwW7ukC&pg=PA27 |accessdate=6 January 2013|date=July 2003 |publisher=Universal-Publishers |ISBN = 978-1-58112-190-2 |pages=27,32,218}}</ref>
 
2010年9月3日，法轮功学员在[[中国驻纽约领國駐紐約總領事馆館]]前集体炼功发正念。<ref>{{cite news |title = 纽约中领馆前集体炼功发正念 |url = http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2010/9/4/229231.html |accessdate = 2012-10-17 |newspaper = 明慧网 |date = 2010-09-03 |archive-date = 2021-04-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210411133739/https://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2010/9/4/229231.html |dead-url = no }}</ref>亦有與法輪功相關的書籍稱，法輪功學員稱会在受到迫害時發正念。<ref>{{cite book |title = 穿越生死: 冤狱, 迫害, 流亡纪实 |publisher = 博大出版社 |author = 王玉芝 |year = 2004 |pages = 173,180,214 |id = ISBN 1932674047, ISBN 9781932674040 |url = http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=E6xJAQAAIAAJ&q=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&dq=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ei=dsILUZ-4FoyaiAeZ2oCgAw&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBzgK |access-date = 2013-02-01 |archive-date = 2018-03-24 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180324162418/https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=E6xJAQAAIAAJ&q=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&dq=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ei=dsILUZ-4FoyaiAeZ2oCgAw&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBzgK |dead-url = no }}</ref>▼
 
==方法==
研究者认为发正念一般有几个特征<ref name="Porter2003" />，发正念一般有几个特征：
# 手印：“单手立掌”或“莲花手印”两种手印。
# 口诀：“法正乾坤，邪恶全灭。法正天地，现世现报”
# 要求：先静下来，意念中清除自己不好的思想念头或外来干扰。然后，保持头脑处于绝对清醒状态，强大坚定除恶的意念，用纯善平静地默念正法口诀。具体发正念时，可根据情况，不打手印。念口诀后，加一个“灭”字。
 
具体发正念时，可根据情况，不打手印。
==学说研究==
根据Benjamin Penny的研究，发正念所使用的右手单手立掌手势，这些动作显示出与佛教的轻微关联，似乎是由于他们在传播一种不同于佛教但是正确的手势，并认为这是法轮功的新手势<ref name="Benjamin Penny">{{cite web | url = http://users.esc.net.au/~nhabel/lectures/penny.pdf |title=The Body of Master Li |publisher=Humanities Research Centre and Centre for Cross-Cultural Research, The Australian National University |accessdate=January 6, 2013 |author=Penny, Benjamin |page=3-4}}</ref>。▼
 
▲根据Benjamin Penny的研究，发正念所使用的右手单手立掌手势，这些动作显示出与與佛教的轻微关联单手立掌[[手印]]有些類似，似乎是由于他们在传播一种但不完全相同于佛教但是正确的手势，并认为这是法轮功的新手势<ref name="Benjamin Penny">{{cite web | url = http://users.esc.net.au/~nhabel/lectures/penny.pdf |title=The Body of Master Li |publisher=Humanities Research Centre and Centre for Cross-Cultural Research, The Australian National University |accessdate=January 6, 2013 |author=Penny, Benjamin |page=3-4 |archive-date=2018-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929202414/http://users.esc.net.au/~nhabel/lectures/penny.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>。五指不是并立，而是微微莲花掌形。这与炼功动作要求保持莲花掌一致。
==經驗==
▲2001年5月25日，法轮功学员信息网站[[明慧网]]的编辑部发布信息，就“发正念”的时间、口诀、要點，进行统一配合，如曾要求2001年的6月10日起，“全世界大法弟子将每周一次，在固定时间内共同发正念清除三界内破坏大法的邪恶”。<ref name="GallagherAshcraft2006"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2001/5/25/11455.html|title=发正念|work=明慧网}}</ref><ref name="Rahn" />自此之后，明慧网、放光明台灣電視製作中心、人民報、澳洲光明网等网站陆续有法轮功学员撰文宣传发正念造成的神迹。不過據說，使用在常人生活中為私心目的就不管用，唯有符合法輪大法真善忍標準，以正法為目的才能發揮作用。{{可疑 |Talk:发正念 |reason=据谁说？| date=2018年10月}}
 
▲2010年9月3日，法轮功学员在[[中国驻纽约领事馆]]前集体炼功发正念。<ref>{{cite news |title = 纽约中领馆前集体炼功发正念 |url = http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2010/9/4/229231.html |accessdate=2012-10-17 |newspaper=明慧网 |date=2010-09-03}}</ref>亦有與法輪功相關的書籍稱，法輪功學員会在受到迫害時發正念。<ref>{{cite book |title = 穿越生死: 冤狱, 迫害, 流亡纪实 |publisher=博大出版社 |author=王玉芝 |year=2004 |pages = 173,180,214 |id = ISBN 1932674047, ISBN 9781932674040 |url = http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=E6xJAQAAIAAJ&q=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&dq=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ei=dsILUZ-4FoyaiAeZ2oCgAw&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBzgK}}</ref>
 
==评论==
根据Patsy Rahn的说法，法轮功信众发“正念”并发挥出超越人类的力量。他们經驗了發正念的威力各種實例，如“在发正念的作用下迫害他们的人，承受了自己造做的惡果，这使得參與迫害的人有所警惕，進而選擇善良行正義做好人。法轮功获得超自然领域的影響與掌握，虽然他们事实上在中华人民共和国的活动仍受限制。”<ref name="GallagherAshcraft2006"/>法轮功信众认为，发正念能产生强大的能量以破除“邪恶力量”。<ref name="Chou2007" /><ref name="Porter2003"/>
 
==相关宗教学说==
類似法輪功發正念的类似名词，可見於佛學典籍，詳見[[正念]]<ref>{{cite book |title=淨化人生的維摩經 | publisher=法鼓文化 | author=[[聖嚴法師]] |page =231 |ISBN = 957598093X |url = http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=TlLW9Qk6xDgC&pg=PA231&dq=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ei=38ILUf3zErC0iQeJ_oCgAg&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title = 佛家靜坐方法論 |publisher=台灣商務印書館 |author=高登海 |year=1992 |location=台灣 |page = 65 |ISBN = 9570505745 |url = http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=UJluKlTsKq4C&pg=PA65&dq=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ei=oMILUdKOM-yyiQex04CQAg&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&f=false}}</ref>。中国及日本的[[大藏經]]资料中均有“正念”的说法，其出现时间比法轮功所指的发正念要早。<ref>{{cite book |title = 新編縮本乾隆大藏經 | publisher=新文豐出版公司 |page = 11}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title = 大正新脩大蔵経: 法華部 : 全 ; 華嚴部 (上) | publisher=大正一切経刊行会 |authorlink = takakusu junjiro |location= 庆应义塾大学 |page = 68 |url = http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=Kv0xy2yqdpIC&q=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&dq=%E7%99%BC%E6%AD%A3%E5%BF%B5&hl=zh-CN&sa=X&ei=jcMLUYbSEqSRigfrqYDQBA&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBjgU}}</ref>
 
==参见==
* [[正念療法]]
* [[正念]]、[[正法]]
* [[转法轮]]、[[法轮功]]
 
== 参考文献 ==
第42行 ⟶ 第34行：
* {{cite book |author=Kai-Ti Chou |title=Contemporary religious movements in Taiwan: rhetorics of persuasion |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=e_sQAQAAIAAJ |accessdate = 5 January 2013 |year=2007 |publisher=Edwin Mellen Press |ISBN = 978-0-7734-5241-1 |pages=159-160 }}
* {{cite book |author=Noah Porter |title=Falun Gong in the United States: An Ethnographic Study |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=-vyOdnwW7ukC&pg=PA27 |accessdate = 6 January 2013 |date=July 2003 |publisher=Universal-Publishers |ISBN = 978-1-58112-190-2 |pages = 27,32,218 }}
* {{cite web |url = http://users.esc.net.au/~nhabel/lectures/penny.pdf |title = The Body of Master Li |publisher = Humanities Research Centre and Centre for Cross-Cultural Research, The Australian National University |accessdate = January 6, 2013 |author = Penny, Benjamin |page = 3 |archive-date = 2018-09-29 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180929202414/http://users.esc.net.au/~nhabel/lectures/penny.pdf |dead-url = no }}
 
== 外部链接 ==
{{Wikiversity|發正念}}
* [http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2001/6/12/12048.html 法轮大法明慧网对发正念两种手印的解释] {{Wayback|url=http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2001/6/12/12048.html |date=20210322132432 }}
* [http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2001/11/27/20496.html 明慧网关于发正念的介绍] {{Wayback|url=http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2001/11/27/20496.html |date=20210322134247 }}
 
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[[Category:法輪功]]
[[Category:驱魔]]
[[Category:行为准则]]
 
[[ja:法輪功#発正念]]
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