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{{Infobox officeholderhurricane season
| Basin=Atl
|name= John Adair
| Year=2007
|image= JOHN ADAIR colour corrected.jpg
| Track=2007 Atlantic hurricane season summary map.png
|alt=A man with salt-and-pepper hair wearing a black jacket, gold shirt, and white tie
| First storm formed= 2007年5月9日
|caption=
| Last storm dissipated= 2007年12月13日
|state = [[Kentucky]]
| Strongest storm name=[[Hurricane Dean|Dean]]
|district = [[Kentucky's 7th congressional district|7th]]
| Strongest storm pressure=905
|term_start = March 4, 1831
| Strongest storm winds=150
|term_end = March 3, 1833
| Total depressions=17
|preceded = [[John Kincaid]]
| Total storms=15
|succeeded = [[Benjamin Hardin]]
| Total hurricanes=6
|order2= 8th
| Total intense=2
|office2= Governor of Kentucky
| Damagespre=~
|term_start2 = August 29, 1820
| Damages=3000
|term_end2 = August 24, 1824
| Inflated=1
|lieutenant2 = [[William T. Barry]]
| Fatalities=直接造成394人死亡，间接导致29人遇难
|predecessor2 = [[Gabriel Slaughter]]
| five seasons=[[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005]]、[[2006 Atlantic hurricane season|2006]]、'''2007'''、[[2008 Atlantic hurricane season|2008]]、[[2009 Atlantic hurricane season|2009]]
|successor2 = [[Joseph Desha]]
| Season timeline=2007年大西洋飓风季时间轴
|jr/sr3 = United States Senator
|state3 = Kentucky
|term_start3 = November 8, 1805
|term_end3 = November 18, 1806
|preceded3 = [[John Breckinridge (U.S. Attorney General)|John Breckinridge]]
|succeeded3 = [[Henry Clay]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1757|1|9|mf=y}}
|birth_place = [[Chester County, South Carolina]]
|death_date= {{death date and age|1840|5|19|1757|1|9}}
|death_place= [[Mercer County, Kentucky]]
|residence=White Hall
|spouse=Katherine Palmer
|relations=Father-in-law of [[Thomas Bell Monroe]]
|signature=John Adair Signature.svg
|profession= Soldier
|party=[[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]]
|religion=Protestant
|allegiance = [[United States]]
|branch= South Carolina Militia<br>Kentucky militia
|rank=[[Brigadier general]]
|battles=[[American Revolutionary War]]<br>[[Northwest Indian War]]<br>[[War of 1812]]
|footnotes=
}}
'''2007 Atlantic hurricane season''' was an active [[Atlantic hurricane season]] that produced 17 [[tropical cyclone]]s, 15 tropical storms, six hurricanes, and two major hurricanes. It officially started on June 1 and ended on November 30, dates which conventionally delimit the period during which most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic Ocean. The first tropical cyclone, [[Subtropical Storm Andrea (2007)|Subtropical Storm Andrea]], developed on May 9, while the last storm, [[Tropical Storm Olga (2007)|Tropical Storm Olga]], dissipated on December 13. The most intense hurricane, [[Hurricane Dean|Dean]], is tied for the seventh most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded as well as the third most intense Atlantic hurricane at landfall. The season was one of only four on record for the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] with more than one Category 5 storm. It was the second on record in which an Atlantic hurricane, [[Hurricane Felix|Felix]], and an eastern Pacific hurricane, [[Hurricane Henriette (2007)|Henriette]], made landfall on the same day. September had a record-tying eight storms, although the strengths and durations of most of the storms were low. Aside from hurricanes [[Hurricane Dean|Dean]] and [[Hurricane Felix|Felix]], none of the storms in the season exceeded Category 1 intensity.
'''John Adair''' (January 9, 1757 – May 19, 1840) was an American pioneer, soldier, and politician. He was the [[List of Governors of Kentucky|eighth]] [[Governor of Kentucky]] and represented the state in both the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House]] and [[United States Senate|Senate]]. A native of [[South Carolina]], Adair enlisted in the state militia and served in the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]], during which he was twice captured and held as a prisoner of war by the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]]. Following the War, he was elected as a delegate to South Carolina's convention to ratify the [[United States Constitution]].
 
Pre-season forecasts by the [[Colorado State University]] (CSU) called for 14 named storms and 7 hurricanes, of which three were expected to attain major hurricane status. The [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA) later issued its initial forecast, which predicted 13 to 17 named storms, 7 to 10 hurricanes and three to five major hurricanes. After several revisions in the projected number of storms, NOAA and CSU lowered their forecasts by the middle of the season.
After moving to Kentucky in 1786, Adair participated in the [[Northwest Indian War]], including a skirmish with the [[Miami people|Miami]] Chief [[Little Turtle]] near Fort St. Clair in 1792. Popular for his service in two wars, he entered politics in 1792 as a delegate to Kentucky's constitutional convention. Adair was elected to a total of eight terms in the [[Kentucky House of Representatives|state House of Representatives]] between 1793 and 1803. He served as Speaker of the Kentucky House in 1802 and 1803, and was a delegate to the state's [[Kentucky Constitution#The 1799 Constitution|Second Constitutional Convention]] in 1799. He ascended to the United States Senate to fill the seat vacated when [[John Breckinridge (U.S. Attorney General)|John Breckinridge]] resigned to become [[Attorney General of the United States]] in the [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet]] of [[Thomas Jefferson]], but failed to win a full term in the subsequent election due to his implication in a [[Burr conspiracy|treason conspiracy]] involving Vice President [[Aaron Burr]]. After a long legal battle, he was acquitted of any wrongdoing; and his accuser, General [[James Wilkinson]], was ordered to issue an apology. The negative publicity kept him out of politics for more than a decade.
 
Several storms made landfall or directly affected land. Hurricanes Dean and Felix made landfall at Category 5 intensity, causing severe damage in parts of Mexico and Central America, respectively. Both storm names, as well as [[Hurricane Noel|Noel]], the name of a hurricane that affected the [[Caribbean]], were retired from the [[list of tropical cyclone names|naming list]] of Atlantic hurricanes. The United States was affected by five cyclones, although the storms were generally weak; three tropical depressions and only one tropical storm, [[Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2007)|Gabrielle]], and one hurricane, [[Hurricane Humberto (2007)|Humberto]], made landfall in the country. Elsewhere, three storms directly affected Canada, although none severely. The combined storms killed at least 423 people and caused about $3 billion (2007 USD, ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|3000000000|2007}}}} {{#time:Y}} USD) in damage.<ref group="nb">The cumulative damage figures were obtained by summing the damage figures on the individual Tropical Cyclone Reports referenced throughout the article, with the exception of [[Hurricane Dean]]. Dean's damage figures were obtained by adding the per-country totals referenced in the [[#Impact|Impact]] section of this article.</ref>
Adair's participation in the [[War of 1812]], and a subsequent protracted defense of Kentucky's soldiers against General [[Andrew Jackson]]'s charges that they showed cowardice at the [[Battle of New Orleans]], restored his reputation. He returned to the State House in 1817, and [[Isaac Shelby]], his commanding officer in the War who was serving a second term as governor, appointed him [[adjutant general]] of the state militia. In 1820, Adair was elected eighth governor on a platform of financial relief for Kentuckians hit hard by the [[Panic of 1819]], and the ensuing economic recession. His primary effort toward this end was the creation of the Bank of the Commonwealth, but many of his other financial reforms were deemed unconstitutional by the [[Kentucky Court of Appeals]], touching off the [[Old Court–New Court controversy]]. Following his term as governor, Adair served one undistinguished term in the United States House of Representatives and did not run for re-election.
 
==EarlySeasonal lifeforecasts==
Noted hurricane experts Philip J. Klotzbach, [[William M. Gray]], and their associates at [[Colorado State University]] issue [[Tropical cyclone seasonal forecasting|forecasts of hurricane activity]] each year, separately from [[NOAA]]. Klotzbach's team, formerly led by Gray, determined the average number of storms per season between 1950 and 2000 to be 9.6 tropical storms, 5.9 hurricanes, and 2.3 major hurricanes (storms exceeding Category 3 on the [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale]]).<ref name="Gray Dec">{{cite web|author=Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray|date=2006-12-08|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2007|publisher=Colorado State University|accessdate=2006-12-08|url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2006/dec2006/ | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20061218105454/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2006/dec2006/| archivedate= 18 December 2006 | deadurl= no}}</ref> A normal season, as defined by NOAA, has 9 to 12 named storms, of which five to seven reach hurricane strength and one to three become major hurricanes.<ref name="CPCAHOBI">{{cite web|author=Climate Prediction Center|title=Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| date=2006-08-08| accessdate=2006-12-08|url= http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/background_information.shtml#NOAADEF| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20061207065334/http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/background_information.shtml| archivedate= 7 December 2006 | deadurl= no}}</ref>
John Adair was born January 9, 1757, in [[Chester County, South Carolina]], a son of [[Scotland|Scottish]] immigrants Baron William and Mary [Moore] Adair.<ref name=harrison1>Harrison in ''The Kentucky Encyclopedia'', p. 1</ref><ref name=smith168>Smith, p. 168</ref> He was educated at schools in [[Charlotte, North Carolina]], and enlisted in the South Carolina colonial militia at the outbreak of the [[American Revolutionary War]].<ref name=congbio>"Adair, John". ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress''</ref> He was assigned to the regiment of his friend, Edward Lacey, under the command of [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] [[Thomas Sumter]] and participated in the failed [[Patriot (American Revolution)|Colonial]] assault on a [[Loyalist]] outpost at the [[Battle of Rocky Mount]] and the subsequent Colonial victory at the [[Battle of Hanging Rock]].<ref name=fredricksen2>Fredricksen, p. 2</ref><ref name=scoggins150>Scoggins, p. 150</ref> During the British victory over the Colonists at the August 16, 1780, [[Battle of Camden]], Adair was taken as a [[prisoner of war]].<ref name=hall1>Hall, p. 1</ref> He contracted [[smallpox]] and was treated harshly by his captors during his months-long imprisonment.<ref name=hall1 /> Although he escaped at one point, Adair was unable to reach safety because of difficulties related to his smallpox infection and was recaptured by British Colonel [[Banastre Tarleton]] after just three days.<ref name=fredricksen2 /> Subsequently, he was released via a [[prisoner exchange]].<ref name=fredricksen2 /> In 1781, he was commissioned as a lieutenant in the South Carolina militia, and fought in the drawn [[Battle of Eutaw Springs]], the war's last major battle in the Carolinas.<ref name=fredricksen2 /> Edward Lacey was elected [[sheriff]] of Chester County after the war, and Adair replaced him in his former capacity as the county's [[justice of the peace]].<ref name=scoggins150 /> He was chosen as a delegate to the South Carolina convention to ratify the [[U.S. Constitution]].<ref name=congbio />
{| class="toccolours" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 style="float:right; margin-left:1em; text-align:right; clear: right;"
|+'''Predictions of tropical activity in the 2007 season'''
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
||'''Source'''
||'''Date'''
||'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Named<br />storms</span>'''
||'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Hurricanes</span>'''
||'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Major<br />hurricanes</span>'''
|-
|align="left"|[[Colorado State University|CSU]]
|align="left"|''Average <span style="font-size: 80%;">(1950–2000)</span>''<ref name="Gray Dec"/>
|9.6
|5.9
|2.3
|-
|align="left"|[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]
|align="left"|''Average <span style="font-size: 80%;">(1950–2005)</span>''<ref name="CPCAHOBI"/>
|11.0
|6.2
|2.7
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|''Record high activity''
|[[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|28]]
|[[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|15]]
|[[1950 Atlantic hurricane season|8]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|''Record low activity''
|[[1983 Atlantic hurricane season|4]]
|[[1982 Atlantic hurricane season|2]]
|0
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|December 8, 2006
|14
|7
|3
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|April 3, 2007
|17
|9
|5
|-
|align="left"|NOAA
|align="left"|May 22, 2007
|13–17
|7–10
|3–5
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|May 31, 2007
|17
|9
|5
|-
|align="left"|[[Met Office|UKMO]]
|align="left"|June 19, 2007
|10*
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|August 3, 2007
|15
|8
|4
|-
|align="left"|NOAA
|align="left"|August 9, 2007
|13–16
|7–9
|3–5
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|September 4, 2007
|15
|7
|4
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|October 2, 2007
|17
|7
|3
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|'''Actual activity'''
| 15
| 6
| 2
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:left;"|* July–November only: 12 storms observed in this period.
|}
 
===Pre-season forecasts===
In 1784, Adair married Katherine Palmer.<ref name=bussey26>Bussey, p. 26</ref> They had twelve children, ten of them daughters.<ref name=bussey26 /> One married [[Thomas Bell Monroe]], who later served as Adair's [[Secretary of State of Kentucky|Secretary of State]] and was appointed to a federal judgeship.<ref name=morton13>Morton, p. 13</ref> In 1786, the Adairs migrated westward to [[Kentucky]], settling in [[Mercer County, Kentucky|Mercer County]].<ref name=dab>"John Adair". ''Dictionary of American Biography''</ref>
On December 8, 2006, Klotzbach's team issued its first extended-range forecast for the 2007 season, predicting above-average activity (14 named storms, seven hurricanes, three of Category 3 or higher).<ref name="Gray Dec"/> It listed a 64 percent chance of at least one major hurricane striking the U.S. mainland. This included a 40 percent chance of at least one major hurricane strike on the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]], including the Florida peninsula, and a 40 percent chance of at least one such strike on the [[Gulf Coast of the United States|Gulf Coast]] from the [[Florida Panhandle]] westward. The potential for major hurricane activity in the [[Caribbean]] was forecast to be above average, and the team predicted that [[El Niño-Southern Oscillation|El Niño]], associated with reduced hurricane activity in the Atlantic, would dissipate by the active portion of the season.<ref name="Gray Dec"/>
 
On April 3 a new forecast was issued, calling for a very active hurricane season of 17 named storms, nine hurricanes and five intense hurricanes.<ref name="Klotzbach April newsrelease">{{cite news|url=http://newsinfo.colostate.edu/index.asp?url=news_item_display&news_item_id=718105263|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5ozg9L8dq|archivedate=2010-04-14|title=Colorado State forecast team calls for very active 2007 hurricane season|publisher = Colorado State University | date = 2007-04-03|accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref> The increase in the forecast was attributed to the rapid dissipation of El Niño conditions. The team also forecast a neutral or weak-to-moderate [[La Niña]] and noted that [[sea surface temperature]]s were much higher than average.<ref name="Gray April">{{cite web|author=Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray|date=2007-04-03|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2007|publisher=Colorado State University|accessdate=2007-04-03|url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2007/april2007/ | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070408151640/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2007/april2007/| archivedate= 8 April 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref> The estimated potential for at least one major hurricane to affect the U.S. was increased to 74 percent; the East Coast potential increased to 50 percent, and from the Florida Panhandle westward to [[Brownsville, Texas]], the probability rose to 49 percent.<ref name="Gray April"/> However, the team's report noted that while they predicted an active season, it was not suggesting that 2007 would be "as active as the 2004 and 2005 seasons".<ref name="Klotzbach April newsrelease"/>
==Service in the Northwest Indian War==
Enlisting for service as a [[Captain (armed forces)|captain]] in the [[Northwest Indian War]] in 1791,<ref name=dab /> Adair was soon promoted to major and assigned to the brigade of [[James Wilkinson]].<ref name=smith168 /><ref name=fredricksen2 /> On November 6, 1792, a band of [[Miami people|Miamis]] under the command of [[Little Turtle]] encountered Adair and about 100 men serving under him on a scouting mission near Fort St. Clair in [[Ohio]].<ref name=fredricksen2 /> When the Miami attacked, Adair ordered Lieutenant (and later governor of Kentucky) [[George Madison]] to attack their right flank while Adair led 25 men to attack the left flank.<ref name=collins165 /> (Adair had intended for a subordinate to lead the charge, but the officer was killed before Adair could give the order.)<ref name=collins165 /> The maneuver forced the Miamis to fall back and allowed Adair's men to escape.<ref name=dab /> They retreated to their camp and made a stand, forcing the Miamis to withdraw.<ref name=collins165 /> Six of Adair's men were killed; another four were missing and five were wounded.<ref name=collins165 /> Among the wounded were Madison and [[Richard Taylor (colonel)|Richard Taylor]], father of future U.S. President [[Zachary Taylor]].<ref name=collins165>Collins, p. 165</ref>
 
===Midseason outlooks===
Recognizing his bravery and fighting skill, Adair's superiors promoted him to [[lieutenant colonel]].<ref name=dab /> He was assigned to the command of [[Charles Scott (governor)|Charles Scott]], who would eventually serve as Kentucky's fourth governor.<ref name=smith168 /> He assisted in the construction of [[Greenville, Ohio|Fort Greeneville]] in 1794, forwarding supplies to [[Anthony Wayne]] during his operations which ended in a decisive victory at the [[Battle of Fallen Timbers]].<ref name=fredricksen2 />
On June 19 the UK Met Office ([[Met Office|UKMO]]) issued a forecast of 10 tropical storms in the July to November period with a 70 percent chance that the number would be in the range of 7 to 13.<ref name="UKMO June forecast">{{cite web|title=UKMO North Atlantic tropical storms seasonal forecast for 2007| url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/tropicalcyclone/northatlantic_2007.html| accessdate= 25 July 2008 }}</ref> On August 3, 2007, Klotzbach's team lowered its season estimate to 15 named storms, of which eight were to become hurricanes and four to become major hurricanes. Team members noted that conditions had become slightly less favorable for storms than earlier in the year. Sea surface temperature anomalies were cooler, and several [[Saharan Air Layer]] events had suppressed development of tropical cyclones. [[El Niño-Southern Oscillation]] (ENSO) conditions were also noted to have been slightly cooler.<ref name="Gray Aug">{{cite web
| author=Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray
| date=2007-08-03
| title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2007
| publisher=Colorado State University
| accessdate=2007-08-03
| url=http://typhoon.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2007/aug2007/aug2007.pdf
| format=PDF
| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070808010630/http://typhoon.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2007/aug2007/aug2007.pdf| archivedate= 8 August 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref>
 
On August 9, 2007, NOAA revised its season estimate slightly downwards to 13 to 16 named storms of which seven to nine were to be hurricanes and three to five major hurricanes. However, the agency reaffirmed its prediction of an above-average season, citing warmer-than-normal [[sea surface temperature]]s in parts of the Atlantic Ocean and [[Caribbean Sea]] and the likelihood of La Niña conditions during the peak of the season.<ref name="NOAA August">{{cite web
==Early political career==
| author=NOAA
[[File:JGarrard.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=A man with long, gray, thinning hair wearing a white button-up shirt and a black jacket. He is facing left.|Governor James Garrard named Adair registrar of the state land office in 1804.]]
| date=2007-08-09
Popular for his military service, Adair was chosen as a delegate to the Kentucky constitutional convention in 1792.<ref name=harrison2>Harrison in ''The Kentucky Encyclopedia'', p. 2</ref> Upon the state's admission to the Union, he was elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives, serving from 1793 to 1795.<ref name=congbio /> He remained active in the Kentucky militia, and on February 25, 1797, he was promoted to [[brigadier general]] and given command of the 2nd Brigade of the Kentucky Militia.<ref name=kyng>Trowbridge, "Kentucky's Military Governors"</ref> He was promoted to [[major general]] and given command of the 2nd Division of the Kentucky Militia on December 16, 1799.<ref name=kyng />
| title=NOAA updates Atlantic hurricane season outlook
| publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| accessdate=2007-08-09
| url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2007/s2905.htm
| authorlink=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}</ref>
 
== Season summary ==
Adair returned to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1798.<ref name=congbio /> When Kentuckians voted to hold another constitutional convention in 1799 to correct weaknesses in their first constitution, Adair was chosen as a delegate.<ref name=harrison2 /> At the convention, he was the leader of a group of politically ambitious delegates who opposed most limits on the powers and terms of office of elected officials, particularly on legislators.<ref name=nhok77>Harrison and Klotter, p. 77</ref> He was elected to the Kentucky House again from 1800 to 1803.<ref name=congbio /> A candidate for a seat in the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] in 1800, he was defeated in an overwhelming 68–13 vote of the legislature by [[John Breckinridge (U.S. Attorney General)|John Breckinridge]], who had been the acknowledged leader of the just-concluded constitutional convention.<ref name=jbjr110>Harrison in ''John Breckinridge: Jeffersonian Republican'', p. 110</ref> In 1802, Adair succeeded Breckinridge as [[Speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] by a vote of 30–14 over Elder David Purviance, the candidate preferred by Governor [[James Garrard]].<ref name=everman69>Everman, p. 69</ref> He continued to serve as Speaker for the duration of his tenure in the House.<ref name=congbio /> In 1802, the legislature formed [[Adair County, Kentucky]], naming it after the popular Speaker.<ref name=dab />
{{see also|Timeline of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season}}
<center><timeline>
 
ImageSize = width:813 height:197
In January 1804, Garrard nominated Adair to the position of registrar of the state land office.<ref name=everman78>Everman, p. 78</ref> Adair's was the seventh name submitted by Garrard to the state Senate for the position; his approval by the Senate marked the end of a two-month imbroglio between Garrard and the legislature over the appointment.<ref name=everman78 /> Later that year, he was a candidate for the U.S. Senate seat then occupied by [[John Brown (Kentucky)|John Brown]].<ref name=remini37>Remini, p. 37</ref> Although [[Henry Clay]] supported Brown's re-election, Adair had the support of [[Felix Grundy]].<ref name=remini37 /> Grundy accused Brown of involvement in a conspiracy to make Kentucky a province of the Spanish government, damaging his popularity.<ref name=remini37 /> Adair won a plurality, but not a majority, of the votes cast in six consecutive ballots.<ref name=remini37 /> Clay then threw his support to [[Buckner Thruston]], a more palatable candidate who defeated Adair on the seventh ballot.<ref name=remini37 /> Grundy's influence in the legislature continued to grow, and when John Breckinridge resigned to accept President [[Thomas Jefferson]]'s appointment as [[United States Attorney General|U.S. Attorney General]] in August 1805, the Senate chose Adair to fill the vacancy.<ref name=remini37 />
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20
Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270
AlignBars = early
 
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
==Charged with disloyalty==
Period = from:01/05/2007 till:31/12/2007
Former Vice-President [[Aaron Burr]] visited Kentucky in 1805, reaching [[Frankfort, Kentucky]], on May 25 and lodging with former Senator John Brown.<ref name=nhok85>Harrison and Klotter, p. 85</ref> During the trip, he consulted with many prominent politicians, Adair among them, about the possibility of wresting Mexico from Spain.<ref name=nhok85 /> Most of those he spoke with believed he was acting on behalf of the federal government and intended to expand U.S. holdings in Mexico.<ref name=dab /> Adair believed this too, having received letters from his former commander, James Wilkinson, which appeared to confirm it.<ref name=dab /> In 1806, however, Burr was arrested in Frankfort on charges of [[treason]]. Officials claimed he in fact [[Burr conspiracy|intended to create a new, independent nation]] in Spanish lands.<ref name=dab />
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/05/2007
 
Colors =
[[File:Vanderlyn Burr.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=A man with receding gray hair tied in a braid, wearing a high-collared white shirt and black jacket|[[Aaron Burr]] and John Adair were charged with disloyalty to the U.S., but a grand jury failed to indict either of them]]
id:canvas value:gray(0.88)
Convinced of his innocence, Henry Clay represented Burr, while [[Joseph Hamilton Daveiss]] acted as prosecutor.<ref name=nhok86>Harrison and Klotter, p. 8</ref> [[Harry Innes]] presided over the trial, which commenced November 11.<ref name=nhok86 /> Daveiss had to ask for a postponement because [[Davis Floyd]], one of his key witnesses, was then serving in the [[Indiana General Assembly]] and could not be present in court.<ref name=nhok86 /> The court next convened on December 2, and Daveiss again had to ask for a postponement, this time because Adair, another witness, was not present.<ref name=nhok86 /> Adair had traveled to [[Louisiana]] to inspect a tract of land he had recently purchased there.<ref name=bussey26 /> On his arrival in [[New Orleans]], he was arrested on the order of his former commander, James Wilkinson, then serving as governor of the [[Louisiana Territory]].<ref name=hall1 />
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id:TS value:rgb(0,0.98,0.96) legend:Tropical_Storm_=_63-117_km/h_(39-73_mph)
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id:C3 value:rgb(1,0.76,0.25) legend:Category_3_=_178-209-km/h_(111-130_mph)
id:C4 value:rgb(1,0.56,0.13) legend:Category_4_=_210-249_km/h_(131-155_mph)
id:C5 value:rgb(1,0.38,0.38) legend:Category_5_=_≥250_km/h_(≥156_mph)
 
Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas
Clay had insisted that the trial proceed in Adair's absence, and, the next day, Daveiss presented indictments against Burr for treason and against Adair as a co-conspirator.<ref name=nhok86 /> After hearing testimony, the [[grand jury]] rejected the indictment against Adair as "not a true bill" and similarly dismissed the charges against Burr two days later.<ref name=nhok86 /> After his vindication by the grand jury, Adair counter-sued Wilkinson in federal court.<ref name=bussey27>Bussey, p. 27</ref> Although the legal battle between the two spanned several years, the court found that Wilkinson had no solid evidence against Adair and ordered Wilkinson to issue a public apology and pay Adair $2,500 in damages.<ref name=bussey27 /> Adair's acquittal and successful counter-suit came too late to prevent damage to his political career. Because of his association with Burr's scheme, he lost the election for a full term in the Senate in November 1806.<ref name=dab /> Rather than wait for his partial term to expire, he resigned on November 18, 1806.<ref name=congbio />
 
BarData =
==Service in the War of 1812==
barset:Hurricane
{{see also|Kentucky in the War of 1812}}
bar:Month
[[File:Isaac shelby.jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=A gray-haired man with a sullen expression wearing a high-collared white shirt, gold vest, and black jacket with gold buttons|Isaac Shelby appointed Adair adjutant general of Kentucky]]
Adair rejoined the Kentucky militia at the outset of the [[War of 1812]].<ref name=hall1 /> After [[Oliver Hazard Perry]]'s victory in the September 10, 1813, [[Battle of Lake Erie]], [[William Henry Harrison]] called on Kentucky Governor [[Isaac Shelby]], a popular Revolutionary War hero, to recruit troops in Kentucky and join him in his invasion of Canada.<ref name=heidler1>Heidler and Heidler, p. 1</ref> Shelby asked Adair to serve as his first [[aide-de-camp]].<ref name=young42>Young, p. 42</ref> Future Kentucky governor and U.S. Senator [[John J. Crittenden]] was Shelby's second aide, and future U.S. Senator and [[United States Postmaster General|Postmaster General]] [[William T. Barry]] was his secretary.<ref name=young42 /> Adair rendered commendable service in the campaign, most notably at the American victory in the [[Battle of the Thames]] on October 5, 1813.<ref name=powell26>Powell, p. 26</ref> Shelby praised Adair's service and in 1814, made him [[adjutant general]] of Kentucky and [[brevet (military)|brevetted]] him to the rank of brigadier general.<ref name=dab /><ref name=kyng />
 
PlotData=
In late 1814, [[Andrew Jackson]] requested reinforcements from Kentucky for his defense of the [[Gulf of Mexico]].<ref name=heidler1/> Adair quickly raised three regiments, but the federal government provided them no weapons and no means of transportation.<ref name=nhok93>Harrison and Klotter, p. 93</ref> [[James Taylor, Jr. (Kentucky)|James Taylor, Jr.]], then serving as [[quartermaster general]] of the state militia, took out a $6,000 mortgage on his personal land to purchase boats to transport Adair's men.<ref name=nhok93 /> The number of men with Adair was later disputed; sources variously give numbers between 700 and 1,500.<ref name=heidler1 /><ref name=nhok94>Harrison and Klotter, p. 94</ref> Many did not have weapons, and the ones who did were primarily armed with their own civilian rifles.<ref name=heidler1 /><ref>''Niles' Weekly Register'' (February 4, 1815). vol. 7, p. 361: "It appears that the steam-boat [[Enterprise (1814)|Enterprize]], and a keel boat, passed Louisville, Ky. about the 28th of December, with arms and various stores for New Orleans, and we fear it is so that gen. Adair's men are without arms. However ''Jackson's'' fertile genius make them useful, or, perhaps, partially supply them."</ref> John Thomas, to whom Adair was an adjunct, fell ill just before the battle commenced, leaving Adair responsible for all the Kentuckians present at the battle.<ref name=gillig185>Gillig, p. 185</ref>
barset:Hurricane width:10 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till
 
from:09/05/2007 till:11/05/2007 color:TS text:"[[Subtropical Storm Andrea (2007)|Andrea]]"
On January 7, 1815, Adair traveled to New Orleans and requested that the city's leaders lend him several stands of arms from the city armory to arm his militiamen.<ref name=smith73>Smith, p. 73</ref> The officials agreed under the condition that the removal of the arms from the armory be kept secret from the citizenry.<ref name=smith73 /> The weapons were placed in boxes and delivered to Adair's camp on the night of January 7.<ref name=smith74>Smith, p. 74</ref> At Adair's suggestion, his men were placed in reserve and located centrally behind the [[Tennessee]] militiamen under [[William Carroll (Tennessee politician)|William Carroll]].<ref name=smith74 /> From there, they could quickly move to reinforce whichever portion of the American line received the heaviest attack from the British.<ref name=smith74 />
from:01/06/2007 till:02/06/2007 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Barry (2007)|Barry]]"
from:31/07/2007 till:01/08/2007 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Chantal (2007)|Chantal]]"
from:13/08/2007 till:23/08/2007 color:C5 text:"[[Hurricane Dean (2007)|Dean]]"
from:15/08/2007 till:17/08/2007 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Erin (2007)|Erin]]"
from:31/08/2007 till:05/09/2007 color:C5 text:"[[Hurricane Felix (2007)|Felix]]"
from:08/09/2007 till:11/09/2007 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2007)|Gabrielle]]"
barset:break
from:12/09/2007 till:17/09/2007 color:TS text:"Ingrid"
from:12/09/2007 till:14/09/2007 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Humberto (2007)|Humberto]]"
from:21/09/2007 till:22/09/2007 color:TD text:"[[Tropical Depression Ten (2007)|Ten]]"
from:23/09/2007 till:24/09/2007 color:TS text:"Jerry"
from:25/09/2007 till:29/09/2007 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Karen (2007)|Karen]]"
from:25/09/2007 till:28/09/2007 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Lorenzo (2007)|Lorenzo]]"
from:28/09/2007 till:30/09/2007 color:TS text:"Melissa"
barset:break
from:11/10/2007 till:12/10/2007 color:TD text:"[[Tropical Depression Fifteen (2007)|Fifteen]]"
from:28/10/2007 till:02/11/2007 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Noel (2007)|Noel]]"
from:11/12/2007 till:12/12/2007 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Olga (2007)|Olga]]"
 
bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas
Apparently unaware of Adair's request, that evening, Jackson ordered 400 unarmed Kentucky militiamen under Colonel John Davis to march to New Orleans to obtain arms, then reinforce the 450 Louisiana militiamen under David B. Morgan on the west bank of the [[Mississippi River]].<ref name=nhok94 /><ref name=gillig182>Gillig, p. 182</ref> When they arrived in New Orleans, they were told that the city's arms had already been shipped to Adair.<ref name=smith98>Smith, p. 98</ref> The citizens collected what weapons they had&nbsp;—mostly old muskets in various states of disrepair&nbsp;—and gave them to Davis' men.<ref name=smith98 /> About 200 men were thus armed and reported to Morgan as ordered, just hours before the start of the [[Battle of New Orleans]].<ref name=gillig182 /> The remainder of Davis's men returned to the main camp, still without weapons.<ref name=gillig182 />
from:01/05/2007 till:31/05/2007 text:May
from:01/06/2007 till:30/06/2007 text:June
from:01/07/2007 till:31/07/2007 text:July
from:01/08/2007 till:31/08/2007 text:August
from:01/09/2007 till:30/09/2007 text:September
from:01/10/2007 till:31/10/2007 text:October
from:01/11/2007 till:30/11/2007 text:November
from:01/12/2007 till:31/12/2007 text:December
</timeline></center>
{{Clear}}
Overall, the season's activity was reflected with a cumulative [[accumulated cyclone energy]] (ACE) rating of 74.<ref>{{cite web|author=Hurricane Research Division|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=March 2011|title=Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT|accessdate=2011-07-23|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/Comparison_of_Original_and_Revised_HURDAT_mar11.html}}</ref> ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. ACE is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 [[knot (unit)|knot]]s (39 mph, 63 km/h) or tropical storm strength. Although officially, [[subtropical cyclone]]s, such as Andrea or the initial portions of Gabrielle, Jerry, and Olga, are excluded from the total,<ref>{{cite web|author=David Levinson|date=2008-08-20|title=2005 Atlantic Ocean Tropical Cyclones|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|accessdate=2011-07-23|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2005/2005-atlantic-trop-cyclones.html| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20110629015634/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2005/2005-atlantic-trop-cyclones.html| archivedate= 29 June 2011 | deadurl= no}}</ref> the figure above includes periods when storms were in a subtropical phase.
 
Only two major hurricanes—storms of Category 3 intensity or higher—formed during the season, the least since the [[1997 Atlantic hurricane season|1997 season]], although tied with the [[2006 Atlantic hurricane season|2006]] and [[2002 Atlantic hurricane season|2002]] seasons. Named storms were active for 33.50 days during the season, the lowest number of active days since the [[1994 Atlantic hurricane season|1994 season]]. There were only 11.25 days with active hurricanes, the lowest value since the [[2002 Atlantic hurricane season|2002 season]]. Despite this, the number of days with major hurricanes was above the long-term average. Four named storms made landfall on the U.S. during the year, but damage from those storms totaled to only about $82 million (2007 [[United States Dollar|USD]]); this was the least damage the U.S. saw from any Atlantic hurricane season since the [[1990 Atlantic hurricane season|1990 season]].<ref name="2007report"/> The season was one of only six Atlantic hurricane seasons to produce two Category 5 equivalent hurricanes, the others being the [[1932 Atlantic hurricane season|1932]], [[1933 Atlantic hurricane season|1933]], [[1960 Atlantic hurricane season|1960]], [[1961 Atlantic hurricane season|1961]], and [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005]] seasons. The two Category 5 hurricanes, Dean and Felix, had both reached Category 5 strength on two separate occasions, the first time two Atlantic hurricanes have done so in a single season. This was also the first season during which two storms made landfall at Category 5 intensity. When Hurricane Felix was upgraded to a Category 5 storm on September 2, it became the eighth to form in this basin since 2000. This gave the decade more hurricanes of such strength than any other on record.{{Hurdat}}
As the British approached on the morning of January 8, it became evident that they would try to break the American line through Carroll's Tennesseans, and Adair advanced his men to support them.<ref name=smith77>Smith, p. 77</ref> The main American line held and repulsed the British attack; in total, only six Americans were killed and seven wounded.<ref name=gillig178>Gillig, p. 178</ref> Meanwhile, Davis' Kentuckians on the west bank had, upon their arrival in Morgan's camp, been sent to meet the advance of a secondary British force.<ref name=gillig182 /> Outnumbered, poorly armed, and without the benefit of breastworks or artillery support, they were quickly outflanked and forced to retreat.<ref name=gillig182 /> Seeing the retreat of the Kentuckians, Morgan's militiamen abandoned their breastworks; Adair would later claim they had never even fired a shot.<ref name=gillig182 /> The British quickly abandoned the position they had just captured, but Jackson resented the setback in an otherwise spectacular victory.<ref name=gillig182 />
 
When Tropical Depression Fourteen was upgraded to Tropical Storm Melissa on September 29, it was the eighth named storm to form in the month of September. That tied a record for the most storms during September, which was first set in [[2002 Atlantic hurricane season|2002]].<ref name="sept07tws">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/tws/MIATWSAT_sep.shtml?|title=Tropical Weather Summary – September 2007|accessdate=2007-11-12|author=Forecasters Mainelli; Avila; Brown; Blake; Rhome; Knabb; Franklin; Pasch|date=2007-10-01|publisher=National Hurricane Center| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071030192036/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/tws/MIATWSAT_sep.shtml?| archivedate= 30 October 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Hurricane Humberto was the first hurricane to make landfall in Texas since [[Hurricane Claudette (2003)|Hurricane Claudette]] in [[2003 Atlantic hurricane season|2003]].<ref name="2007report"/>
==Controversy with Andrew Jackson==
Jackson's official report blamed the Kentuckians' retreat for the collapse of the west bank defenses, and many Kentuckians felt it played down the importance of Adair's militiamen on the east bank in preserving the American line and securing the victory.<ref name=smith106>Smith, p. 106</ref><ref name=gillig179>Gillig, p. 179</ref> Davis' men insisted the report was based on Jackson's misunderstanding of the facts and asked that Adair request a court of inquiry, which convened in February 1815 with Major General Carroll of Tennessee presiding.<ref name=smith109>Smith, p. 109</ref><ref name=gillig184>Gillig, p. 184</ref> The court's report found that "[t]he retreat of the Kentucky militia, which, considering their position, the deficiency of their arms, and other causes, may be excusable," and that the formation of the troops on the west bank was "exceptional", noting that 500 Louisiana troops supported by three artillery pieces and protected by a strong breastwork were charged with defending a line that stretched only {{convert|200|yd|m}} while Davis's 170 Kentuckians, poorly armed and protected only by a small ditch, were expected to defend a line over {{convert|300|yd|m}} long.<ref>Smith, pp. 109–110</ref> On February 10, 1816, the Kentucky General Assembly passed a resolution thanking Adair for his service at the Battle of New Orleans and for his defense of the soldiers accused by Jackson.<ref name=young126>Young, p. 126</ref>
 
==Storms==
[[File:Charles Willson Peale - portrait of Andrew Jackson, 1819.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=A man with graying, wavy hair wearing a high-collared black military jacket with gold epaulets and buttons|Andrew Jackson and Adair engaged in a public dispute over the conduct of the Kentucky militiamen at the Battle of New Orleans]]
<center>{{ToC2007Atlantichurricaneseason}}</center>
Jackson approved the court's findings, but they were not the full refutation of Jackson's report that many Kentuckians&nbsp;—including Adair&nbsp;—had wanted.<ref name=gillig184 /> In a letter that was quickly made public, Adair&nbsp;—formerly one of Jackson's close friends&nbsp;—insisted that Jackson withdraw or modify his official report, but Jackson refused.<ref name=gillig184 /><ref>Smith, pp. 111–112</ref> This ended the matter until June 1815 when H. P. Helm, secretary to John Thomas, forwarded to a Frankfort newspaper remarks from "the general" that had been annexed to the official report.<ref name=gillig185 /> "The remarks" stated that the general was now convinced that the initial reports of cowardice by Davis's men "had been misrepresented" and that their retreat had been "not only excusable, but absolutely justifiable."<ref name=gillig185 /> The remarks, popularly believed to be from Jackson in response to Adair's letter, were subsequently reprinted across Kentucky.<ref name=gillig185 /> The "general" referenced was in fact General John Thomas; Jackson had never seen them.<ref name=gillig185 /> Helm claimed he sent a subsequent correction to the newspaper that published the remarks, but it was never printed.<ref name=gillig185 />
 
===Subtropical Storm Andrea===
Jackson did not discover the remarks until they were published again in January 1817 in response to a Boston newspaper's criticism of Kentucky militiamen.<ref name=gillig186>Gillig, p. 186</ref> He wrote to the ''Kentucky Reporter'' at that time, denouncing the remarks as a forgery.<ref name=gillig185 /> The ''Reporter'' investigated and published an explanation of how Thomas's remarks had been attributed to Jackson.<ref name=gillig185 /> They did not reprint Jackson's letter because they felt his claim that the remarks had been intentionally forged&nbsp;—a charge which was now found to be false&nbsp;—was too inflammatory.<ref name=gillig186 /> The editors promised that if their retraction did not satisfy Jackson, they would fully publish any of his additional remarks on the subject.<ref name=gillig186 /> In Jackson's April 1817 response, he implied that Adair had intentionally misrepresented the remarks, and reasserted that they had been forged, possibly by Adair himself.<ref>Gillig, pp. 187–188</ref> Adair believed Jackson's references to the remarks as a "forged dish, dressed in the true Spanish style" was a thinly veiled reference to Adair's alleged participation in the Burr conspiracy.<ref name=gillig191>Gillig, p. 191</ref> As ostensible proof that he was not predisposed against Kentuckians, Jackson also implied that he had not reported additional dishonorable behavior by Kentucky militiamen during the battle.<ref name=gillig189>Gillig, p. 189</ref> This letter thrust the dispute into the national spotlight and prompted Adair to resume correspondence with him both to defend Davis's men and refute Jackson's charges of conspiracy.<ref name=powell26 /><ref name=gillig190>Gillig, p. 190</ref> In his May 1817 response, he reasserted his defense of the Kentucky militiamen at New Orleans and dismissed many of Jackson's allegations as unimportant and untrue.<ref>Gillig, pp. 191–192</ref> He flatly denied the existence of a conspiracy, and chastised Jackson for making charges without supporting evidence.<ref name=gillig192>Gillig, p. 192</ref> Responding to Jackson's allusion to Spain, Adair recalled that Jackson had also been implicated with Burr.<ref name=gillig192 />
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin Atl
|Type=subtropical
|Image=Subtropical_Storm_Andrea_(2007).JPG
|Track=Andrea 2007 track.png
|Formed=May 9
|Dissipated=May 11
|1-min winds=50
|Pressure=1001
}}
{{Main|Subtropical Storm Andrea (2007)}}
The first storm of the season, Subtropical Storm Andrea, originated from a large [[extratropical cyclone]] that formed off the [[Mid-Atlantic States|mid-Atlantic]] coast on May 6. It deepened steadily along a cold front that pushed through [[Florida]]. When the system lost most of its [[baroclinic]] support, development ceased until its low moved into warmer waters near the [[Bahamas]]. However, interaction between the low and a strong high-pressure system to the north generated hurricane-force winds in the system. Decreasing vertical wind shear allowed the storm to generate deeper convection much closer to the center.<ref name="andreatcr">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL012007_Andrea.pdf|title=Subtropical Storm Andrea Tropical Cyclone Report|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Jaime R. Rhome, Jack Beven, and Mark Willis|date=2007-06-01|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> By May 9 the previously [[extratropical cyclone]] had transformed into Subtropical Storm Andrea while located about 140 miles (225 km) southeast of [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]].<ref name="01LAdvisory1">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al01/al012007.public.001.shtml?|title=Subtropical Storm Andrea Advisory #1|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Richard Knabb|date=2007-05-09|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> Andrea began its subtropical phase as it was weakening, and continued this deterioration as it moved southward into an environment with higher wind shear. By May 11, Andrea had lost all significant convection and degenerated into a remnant low. Though it produced intermittent bursts of convection, Andrea's chance of regeneration was extinguished when an advancing cold front pushed it northward and eventually absorbed the system.<ref name="andreatcr"/>
 
Andrea was short-lived, dissipating on May 11. It was the first pre-season storm to develop since [[Tropical Storm Ana (2003)|Tropical Storm Ana]] in April 2003 and the first Atlantic named storm in May since [[1981 Atlantic hurricane season#Tropical Storm Arlene|Tropical Storm Arlene]] in 1981. Six people drowned along the [[Southeast U.S.]] Coast.<ref name="andreatcr">{{cite web|author=Jamie R. Rhome, Jack Beven, and Mark Willis|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Subtropical Storm Andrea|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-05-13|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL012007_Andrea.pdf | format=PDF| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080529085227/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL012007_Andrea.pdf| archivedate= 29 May 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref> However, because Andrea never made landfall, most of the resulting damage was associated with large waves, higher than normal tides, associated coastal flooding, and beach erosion caused by the storm.<ref name="andreatcr"/>
Unable to provide tangible evidence of Adair's alleged misdeeds, Jackson provided indirect evidence that a conspiracy was possible.<ref>Gillig, pp. 192–193</ref> His response, delayed by his treaty negotiations with the [[Cherokee Nation (19th century)|Cherokee]], was printed September 3, 1817, and used complicated calculations based on spacing and distance, to argue that Adair had only half the number of men he claimed to have commanded at the Battle of New Orleans.<ref name=gillig192 /> Further, he claimed that Adair had ordered Davis to New Orleans to obtain weapons knowing that the arms had already been taken by other brigades under Adair's command.<ref name=gillig194>Gillig, p. 194</ref> Either Adair had given a foolish order, or he did not have as many men in his main force as he claimed.<ref name=gillig194 /> He closed by promising that this would be his last statement on the matter.<ref name=gillig195>Gillig, p. 195</ref> Adair's October 29, 1817, response was delayed, he said, because he was awaiting documents from New Orleans that never came.<ref name=gillig195 /> In it, he quoted from a letter to Jackson's aide-de-camp&nbsp;—cited by Jackson himself in previous correspondence&nbsp;—showing that Jackson had been made aware of both the existence and the authorship of Thomas's remarks in 1815 but declined the opportunity to refute them.<ref name=gillig196>Gillig, p. 196</ref> He also defended his account of the number of troops under his command, which he had consistently reported as being near 1,000, and asked why Jackson had not challenged it until now.<ref name=gillig196 /> Finally, he claimed that not only did he retrieve the weapons from New Orleans under Jackson's orders, but he rode Jackson's horse to New Orleans to effect the transaction.<ref name=gillig197>Gillig, p. 197</ref> Tradition holds that this letter prompted either Adair or Jackson to challenge the other to a [[duel]], but friends of both men averted the conflict after assembling to watch; no written evidence of the event exists.<ref name=gillig199>Gillig, p. 199</ref><ref group=note>Historian Zachariah Frederick Smith gives a detailed account of this tradition that he claims was told to him by a descendant of Adair's cousin. See Smith, pp. 113–114</ref> Tensions between the two eventually eased, and Adair came to comfort Jackson after his wife [[Rachel Jackson|Rachel]]'s death in 1828.<ref name=gillig201>Gillig, p. 201</ref> Adair also campaigned for Jackson during his presidential campaigns in [[United States presidential election, 1824|1824]], [[United States presidential election, 1828|1828]], and [[United States presidential election, 1832|1832]].<ref name=gillig201 /> Jackson's opponents compiled copies of his letters into campaign pamphlets to use against him in Kentucky during these elections.<ref name=gillig180 />
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
 
==Governor=Tropical ofStorm KentuckyBarry===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
[[File:Joseph Desha by Katherine Helm.jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=A man with receding, red, curly hair wearing a white shirt and tie and black jacket|Joseph Desha, one of Adair's opponents in the gubernatorial election of 1820]]
|Basin=Atl
Adair's participation in the War of 1812 and subsequent correspondence with Jackson restored his reputation. He continued to serve as adjutant general until 1817, when the voters returned him to the state House of Representatives.<ref name=congbio /><ref name=kyng /> He was nominated for Speaker of the House during that term, and, although he was not elected, he drew support from members of both parties, largely because of his correspondence with Jackson.<ref name=gillig180>Gillig, p. 180</ref>
|Image=Barry 01 jun 2007 1905Z.jpg
|Track=Barry 2007 track.png
|Formed=June 1
|Dissipated=June 2
|1-min winds=50
|Pressure=997
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Barry (2007)}}
On June 1, Tropical Storm Barry developed on the first day of the hurricane season. It originated from a [[trough (meteorology)|trough]] of low pressure in the southeastern [[Gulf of Mexico]] that previously formed in the northwestern Caribbean. It accelerated to the northeast before reaching a peak intensity of 997 [[mbar]] and making landfall on [[Florida]].<ref name="barrytcr">{{cite web|author=Lixion Avila|year=2007|title=Tropical Storm Barry Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-06-22|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL022007_Barry.pdf |format=PDF| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070714135359/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL022007_Barry.pdf| archivedate= 14 July 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Barry dissipated on June 2.<ref name="barrydeaths">{{cite web|author=''WFTV-9''|year=2007|title=Barry Downgraded After Soaking Central Florida|accessdate=2007-06-03|url=http://www.wftv.com/news/13428614/detail.html| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070606113708/http://www.wftv.com/news/13428614/detail.html| archivedate= 6 June 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="tbwnws">{{cite web|author=McMichael|year=2007|title=Tropical Storm Barry Post Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=Ruskin, Florida National Weather Service|accessdate=2007-06-11|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/data/warn_archive/TBW/PSH/0609_100716.txt}} {{Dead link|date=March 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> In Florida, the rainfall resulted in slick roads, which caused two traffic-related deaths, and a woman was killed after being injured by rough surf.<ref name="barrydeaths"/>
<div style="clear: both"></div>
 
===Tropical Storm Chantal===
In the aftermath of the [[Panic of 1819]]&nbsp;—the first major financial crisis in United States history&nbsp;—the primary political issue of the day was debt relief.<ref name=doutrich15>Doutrich, p. 15</ref> The federal government had created the [[Second Bank of the United States]] in 1817, and its strict credit policy hit Kentucky's large debtor class hard.<ref name=bussey27 /> Sitting governor [[Gabriel Slaughter]] had lobbied for some measures favored by the state's debtors, particularly punitive taxes against the branches of the Bank of the United States in [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]] and [[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington]].<ref name=doutrich14>Doutrich, p. 14</ref> The [[Second Party System]] had not yet developed, but there were nonetheless two opposing factions that arose around the debt relief issue.<ref name=doutrich23>Doutrich, p. 23</ref> The first&nbsp;—primarily composed of [[land speculation|land speculators]] who had bought large land parcels on credit and were unable to repay their debts due to the financial crisis&nbsp;—was dubbed the Relief Party (or "faction") and favored more legislation favorable to debtors.<ref name=doutrich14 /> Opposed to them was the Anti-Relief Party; it was composed primarily of the state's aristocracy, many of whom were creditors to the land speculators and demanded that their contracts be adhered to without interference from the government.<ref name=doutrich15 /> They claimed that no government intervention could effectively aid the debtors and that attempts to do so would only prolong the economic depression.<ref name=doutrich15 />
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=Atl
|Image=Chantal 31 july 2007 1328Z.jpg
|Track=Chantal 2007 track.png
|Formed=July 31
|Dissipated=August 1
|1-min winds=45
|Pressure=994
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Chantal (2007)}}
An area of low pressure formed near the [[Bahamas]] on July 28 and gradually began to organize while moving north-northeast. On July 30 it was classified as Tropical Depression Three and was named [[Tropical Storm Chantal (2007)|Tropical Storm Chantal]] shortly thereafter while south of [[Nova Scotia]]. The storm weakened on August 1 and made landfall on [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]; it later tracked into the North Atlantic as an extratropical storm.<ref name="chantaltcr">{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|year=2007|title=Tropical Storm Chantal Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-10-18|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL032007_Chantal.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref>
 
Chantal moved over the [[Avalon Peninsula]] of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] where flooding was observed,<ref name="chantaltcr"/> where about {{convert|4|in|mm}} of rain caused the postponement of the annual [[Royal St. John's Regatta]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thestar.com/News/article/242061 | work=The Star | location=Toronto | accessdate=2011-11-25 | title=Storm pummels Newfoundland | date=2007-08-01}}</ref> Insured damage across the area totaled $5.8 million (2007 [[CAD]]; $5.5 million 2007 USD, ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|5500000|2007}}}} {{#time:Y}} USD).<ref>{{cite web|author=Canadian Underwriter|year=2007|title=What's New: In Brief|accessdate=2007-09-14|url=http://www.canadianunderwriter.ca/issues/story.aspx?aid=1000069051&issue=09122007}}</ref>
Adair was the clear leader of the Relief faction, and his popularity had been enhanced thanks to his lengthy and public dispute with Jackson.<ref name=doutrich23 /> In the 1820 gubernatorial election, he was elected as Kentucky's chief executive over three fellow [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republicans]].<ref name=nhok110>Harrison and Klotter, p. 110</ref> Adair garnered 20,493 votes; U.S. Senator [[William Logan (Kentuckian)|William Logan]] finished second with 19,497, fellow veteran [[Joseph Desha]] received 12,419, and Colonel Anthony Butler mustered only 9,567 votes.<ref name=young127>Young, p. 127</ref> Proponents of debt relief measures also won majorities in both houses of the General Assembly.<ref name=nhok110 />
<div style="clear: both"></div>
 
===DebtHurricane reliefDean===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
Kentucky historian [[Lowell H. Harrison]] opined that the most important measure implemented during Adair's administration was the creation of the Bank of the Commonwealth in 1820.<ref name=harrison2 /> The bank made generous loans and liberally issued paper money.<ref name=harrison2 /> Although bank notes issued by the Bank of the Commonwealth quickly fell well below par, creditors who refused to accept these devalued notes had to wait two years before seeking [[replevin]].<ref name=nhok110 /> To inspire confidence in the devalued notes, Adair mandated that all officers of the state receive their salaries in notes issued by the Bank of the Commonwealth.<ref name=stickles72>Stickles, p. 72</ref>
|Basin=Atl
|Image=Dean 20 aug 2007 1841Z.jpg
|Track=Dean 2007 track.png
|Formed=August 13
|Dissipated=August 23
|1-min winds=150
|Pressure=905
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Dean}}
On August 11, a [[tropical wave]] moved off the west coast of Africa, and, encountering favorable conditions, quickly spawned Tropical Depression Four, roughly 520 miles (835 km) [[west-southwest]] of [[Cape Verde]].<ref name="deantcr"/> The depression moved briskly westward, south of a deep layered ridge,<ref name="td4disc3">{{cite web|author=Brown/Franklin|year=2007|title=Tropical Depression Four Discussion Three|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-14|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al04/al042007.discus.003.shtml?}}</ref> and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Dean on August 14.<ref name="deantcr"/> The storm continued to strengthen overnight as it gained organization,<ref name="td4disc8">{{cite web|author=Beven|year=2007|title=Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Eight|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al04/al042007.discus.008.shtml?}}</ref> and became the first hurricane of the season on August 16.<ref name="deantcr"/> On August 17 the [[Eye (cyclone)|eye]] of the hurricane passed into the [[Caribbean]] between the islands of [[Martinique]] and [[Saint Lucia]] as a Category 2 hurricane.<ref name="td4disc17">{{cite web|author=Avila|year=2007|title=Hurricane Dean Discussion Seventeen|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-17|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al04/al042007.discus.017.shtml?}}</ref>
 
In the warm waters of the Caribbean, Dean rapidly strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane with {{convert|165|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} sustained winds. This made it the strongest [[North Atlantic tropical cyclone|Atlantic hurricane]] since [[Hurricane Wilma]]—and it was tied for the seventh most intense Atlantic storm of all time. An [[eyewall replacement cycle]] weakened Dean, which then passed just south of Jamaica as a Category 4 hurricane. Dean regained Category 5 status late on August 20 and at that strength it made landfall on the [[Yucatán Peninsula]] of [[Mexico]] near [[Costa Maya]] on August 21.<ref name="deantcr"/> Hurricane Dean was the first storm to make landfall as a Category 5 hurricane in the Atlantic basin since [[Hurricane Andrew]] in 1992. A [[dropsonde]] in the eye of the storm estimated a central pressure of 905 mbar, tying Dean with hurricanes [[Hurricane Camille|Camille]] and [[Hurricane Mitch|Mitch]] for the seventh most intense Atlantic hurricane ever recorded. Dean was the third most intense landfalling Atlantic storm in history (after the [[Labor Day Hurricane of 1935]] and [[Hurricane Gilbert]] of [[1988 Atlantic hurricane season|1988]]).<ref name="deantcr"/> Dean weakened over land, but re-intensified slightly in the Gulf of Mexico. It made its final landfall near [[Tecolutla]], Veracruz on August 22, dissipating the next day.<ref name="deantcr">{{cite web|author=James L. Franklin|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Dean|year=2007|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-05-14|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL042007_Dean.pdf|format=PDF| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080528050415/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL042007_Dean.pdf| archivedate= 28 May 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref>
The state's other bank, the Bank of Kentucky, adhered to more conservative banking practices.<ref name=nhok110 /> While this held the value of its notes closer to par, it also rendered loans less available, which angered relief-minded legislators; consequently, they revoked the bank's charter in December 1822.<ref name=nhok110 /> Adair oversaw the abolition of the practice of [[Debtors' prison|incarceration for debt]], and sanctioned rigorous anti-gambling legislation.<ref name=nga>"Kentucky Governor John Adair". ''National Governors Association''</ref> Legislators also exempted from forced sale the items then considered necessary for making a living&nbsp;—a horse, a plow, a hoe, and an ax.<ref name=nhok110 />
 
In [[Hispaniola]], Dean killed 15 people and destroyed hundreds of homes.<ref name="reliefweb_2007-08-19_02">{{cite web|author=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)|publisher=Relief Web|date=2007-08-19|accessdate=2007-08-25|title=Hurricane Dean OCHA Situation Report No. 3|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/EKOI-769457?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=TC-2007-000135-LCA| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070927201202/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/EKOI-769457?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=TC-2007-000135-LCA| archivedate= 27 September 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="AFP_2007-08-19_jam">{{cite news|author=Staff Writer|date=2007-08-19|title=Monster hurricane bears down on Jamaica|publisher=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> Dean also left $616 million (2007 USD, ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|616000000|2007}}}} {{#time:Y}} USD) in damage on [[Martinique]] and $154 million (2007 USD, ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|154000000|2007}}}} {{#time:Y}} USD) on [[Guadeloupe]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Meteo-France|year=2008|title=Summary of the 2007 Hurricane Season in the French West Indies|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|accessdate=2008-06-05|url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/Meetings/HC30/documents/Doc.4Add.1.E.doc|format=DOC| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080626043218/http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/Meetings/HC30/documents/Doc.4Add.1.E.doc| archivedate= 26 June 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref> In Mexico, Hurricane Dean made landfall on the [[Yucatán Peninsula]] on August 21 as a Category 5 hurricane.<ref name="France24_07-08-18">{{cite web|author=AFP|year=2007|title=Hurricane Dean turns deadly|publisher=France 24|accessdate=2007-08-19|url=http://www.france24.com/france24Public/en/news/world/20070819-dean-hurricane-jamaica-yucatan-catergory-four.html| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070930185626/http://www.france24.com/france24Public/en/news/world/20070819-dean-hurricane-jamaica-yucatan-catergory-four.html| archivedate= 30 September 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Throughout its track, Dean killed 44 people<ref name="2007report">{{cite web|author=Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray|title=Summary Of 2007 Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity And Verification<br /> Of Author's Seasonal And Monthly Forecasts|year=2007|publisher=Colorado State University|accessdate=2008-06-05|url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2007/nov2007/nov2007.pdf|format=PDF| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080626043219/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2007/nov2007/nov2007.pdf| archivedate= 26 June 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref> and caused several billion dollars in damage.<!--an estimated $2.2 billion (2007 USD, ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|2200000000|2007}}}} {{#time:Y}} USD) in damage.--><ref name="deantcr"/><ref name="Gleaner_july_4">{{cite web|author=Staff Writer|publisher=Jamaica Gleaner|date=2008-07-04|accessdate=2008-07-24|title=ODPEM pleads for grants|url=http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20080704/lead/lead4.html| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080714100201/http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20080704/lead/lead4.html| archivedate= 14 July 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="mar830cnn">{{cite web|author=Reuters|date=2007-08-30|title=Dean caused 500 m euro damage in French Caribbean|accessdate=2008-03-24|url=http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/martinique/martinique.php?news_id=3302&start=0&category_id=34|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071229042734/http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/martinique/martinique.php?news_id=3302&amp;start=0&amp;category_id=34 <!-- Added by H3llBot -->|archivedate=2007-12-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=International Monetary Fund|date=2008-02-08|title=Dominica's recovery efforts boosted by US$3.3m in IMF emergency assistance|accessdate=2008-03-24|url=http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/index.php?news_id=5918}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=EQECAT|date=2007-08-20|title=EQECAT Estimates Dean Losses Between $1.5-$ 3 Billion|accessdate=2007-08-20|url=http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2007/08/20/82848.htm| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070930155317/http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2007/08/20/82848.htm| archivedate= 30 September 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref>
The [[Kentucky Court of Appeals]], then the state's [[court of last resort]], struck down the law ordering a two-year stay of replevin because it impaired the [[Contract Clause|obligation of contracts]].<ref name=harrison2 /> At about the same time, the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] issued its decision in the case of ''[[Green v. Biddle]]'', holding that land claims granted by Virginia in the District of Kentucky before Kentucky became a separate state took precedence over those later granted by the state of Kentucky if the two were in conflict.<ref>Stickles, pp. 44–45</ref> Adair denounced this decision in an 1823 message to the legislature, warning against federal and judicial interference in the will of the people, expressed through the legislature.<ref name=stickles34>Stickles, p. 34</ref> Emboldened by Adair's message, Relief partisans sought to remove the three justices of the state Court of Appeals, as well as [[James Clark (Kentucky)|James Clark]], a lower court judge who had issued a similar ruling, from the bench.<ref name=nhok110 /> The judges were spared when their opponents failed to obtain the [[two-thirds majority]] required for removal.<ref name=nhok110 />
<div style="clear: both"></div>
 
===OtherTropical mattersStorm of Adair's termErin===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
Adair urged legislators to create a public school system. In response, the General Assembly passed an act creating a state "Literary Fund" which received half of the clear profits accrued by the Bank of the Commonwealth.<ref name=nhok149>Harrison and Klotter, p. 149</ref> The fund was to be available, proportionally, to each of the state's counties for the establishment of "a system of general education".<ref name=ellis16>Ellis, p. 16</ref> In the tumultuous economic environment, however, legislators routinely voted to borrow from the Literary Fund to pay for other priorities, chiefly the construction of [[internal improvements]].<ref name=ellis17 />
|Basin=Atl
|Image=Erin 15 aug 2007 1939Z.jpg
|Track=Erin 2007 track.png
|Formed=August 15
|Dissipated=August 17
|1-min winds=35
|Pressure=1003
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Erin (2007)}}
Tropical Storm Erin formed on August 16 in the Gulf of Mexico from a persistent area of convection.<ref name="DRrain"/> Based on reconnaissance data received from an [[NOAA]] plane investigating the depression, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Erin on August 15.<ref name="td05update01">{{cite web|author=Avila|year=2007|title=Tropical Storm Erin Tropical Cyclone Update|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-15|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al05/al052007.update.08151515.shtml?}}</ref> It weakened to a tropical depression as it made landfall near [[Lamar, Texas]], on August 16,<ref name="pa7a">{{cite web|author=Avila|year=2007|title=Tropical Storm Erin Intermediate Advisory 7a|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-16|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al05/al052007.public_a.007.shtml?}}</ref> and the NHC issued its last advisory on the system shortly thereafter as it moved inland.<ref name="pa8">{{cite web|author=Avila|year=2007|title=Tropical Storm Erin Advisory 8|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-16|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al05/al052007.public.008.shtml?}}</ref> Early on August 19 after entering [[Oklahoma]], the remnants of Erin suddenly re-intensified to maximum sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) a short distance west of [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma|Oklahoma City]].<ref name="DRrain">{{cite web|author=David M. Roth|year=2007|title=Tropical Storm Erin Rainfall|publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center|accessdate=2007-08-24|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/erin2007.html}}</ref>
 
The storm flooded more than 40 homes and businesses. Along its path into the central states, Erin killed 16 people—9 directly—and left about $25 million (2007 USD, ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|25000000|2007}}}} {{#time:Y}} USD) in total damage.<ref name="erintcr">{{cite web|author=Richard D. Knabb|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Erin|year=2008|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2008-05-14|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL052007_Erin.pdf|format=PDF| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080529085256/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL052007_Erin.pdf| archivedate= 29 May 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref>
[[File:William T. Barry by C.B. King.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=A man with dark, curly hair wearing a white shirt and black jacket|William T. Barry, Adair's lieutenant governor]]
Adair's [[Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky|lieutenant governor]], William T. Barry, and [[John Pope (Kentucky)|John Pope]], Secretary of State under Adair's predecessor, headed a six-man committee authorized by the act to study the creation of a system of [[common school]]s.<ref name=nhok149 /> The "Barry Report," delivered to the legislature in December 1822, was lauded by such luminaries as [[John Adams]], Thomas Jefferson, and [[James Madison]].<ref name=nhok149 /><ref name=ellis16 /> Authored by committee member [[Amos Kendall]], it criticized the idea of land grant academies then prevalent in the state as unworkable outside affluent towns.<ref name=ellis17>Ellis, p. 17</ref> It also concluded that the Literary Fund alone was insufficient for funding a system of common schools.<ref name=ellis17 /> The report recommended that funds only be made available to counties that imposed a county tax for the benefit of the public school system.<ref name=ellis17 /> Legislators largely ignored the report, a decision Kentucky historian [[Thomas D. Clark]] called "one of the most egregious blunders in American educational history".<ref name=ellis17 />
 
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
Adair's endorsement of the [[Missouri Compromise]] was instrumental in securing its passage by Kentucky legislators.<ref name=hall1 /> He advocated prison reform and better treatment of the insane.<ref name=harrison2 /> He also oversaw the enactment of a plan for internal improvements, including improved navigation on the [[Ohio River]].<ref name=harrison2 />
 
==Later=Hurricane lifeFelix===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
Barred from seeking immediate re-election by the [[Kentucky Constitution|state constitution]], Adair retired to his farm in Mercer County at the expiration of his term as governor.<ref name=harrison2 /> Shortly after returning to private life, he began to complain about the low value of Bank of the Commonwealth notes&nbsp;—then worth about half par&nbsp;—and petitioned the legislature to remedy the situation.<ref name=stickles72 /> The complaint of a former Relief Party governor over the ill effects of pro-relief legislation prompted wry celebration among members of the Anti-Relief faction.<ref name=stickles72 />
|Basin=Atl
|Image=Felix 02 sept 2007 1810Z.jpg
|Track=Felix_2007_track.png
|Formed=August 31
|Dissipated=September 5
|1-min winds=150
|Pressure=929
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Felix}}
An area of disturbed weather east of the [[Windward Islands]] was designated Tropical Depression Six on August 31. Early on September 1, it was named [[Hurricane Felix|Tropical Storm Felix]], and it was upgraded to a hurricane later that day. Tracking generally westward, it rapidly intensified to Category 5, and after fluctuating in strength, made landfall on [[Nicaragua]] with {{convert|160|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} winds. At least 133 deaths and more than $50 million (2007 [[United States Dollar|USD]]) in damage have been attributed to Felix.<ref name="felix damage">{{cite web|author=Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO), Nicaragua|year=2007|title=Evaluación de Daños Causados por el Huracán Félix en el Caribe de Nicaragua.|accessdate=2008-03-24|format=PDF|language=Spanish|url=http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/tc/tce/pdf/Nicaragua_FAO_Evaluacion_2007.pdf| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080411174055/http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/tc/tce/pdf/Nicaragua_FAO_Evaluacion_2007.pdf| archivedate= 11 April 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref> With Felix, the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season became the only one of its kind known to include two hurricanes making landfall at Category 5.<ref name="Felix TCR">{{cite web|author=Jack Beven|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Felix|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=2008-01-16|accessdate=2008-02-22|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL062007_Felix.pdf |format=PDF| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080226214548/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL062007_Felix.pdf| archivedate= 26 February 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref>
 
Hurricane Felix took a similar path as Hurricane Dean, although its effects were not severe; damage on [[Tobago]] was estimated at $250,000 (2007 [[Trinidad and Tobago dollar|TTD]]; $40,000 2007 USD, ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|40000|2007}}}} {{#time:Y}} USD).<ref>{{cite web|author=Jensen LaVende|date=2007-09-02|title=Cars, shop swept away at Carenage|work=Trinidad & Tobago Express|accessdate=2007-09-02|url=http://www.trinidadexpress.com/index.pl/article_news?id=161197574| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070903230004/http://www.trinidadexpress.com/index.pl/article_news?id=161197574| archivedate = September 3, 2007}}</ref> Hurricane Felix made landfall just south of the border between [[Nicaragua]] and [[Honduras]], in a region historically known as the [[Mosquito Coast]], as a Category 5 hurricane with 160 mph (260 km/h) winds on September 4.<ref name="Felix TCR"/> Residents of the region were reported to have been given little warning of the oncoming hurricane, which left many fisherman stranded at sea.<ref>{{cite news|author=James Orr|title=Hundreds still missing as Felix toll reaches 98|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2008-05-17|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/sep/07/weather | location=London | date=2007-09-07}}</ref> In all, Felix killed at least 130 people,<ref name="Felix TCR"/> and damage in Nicaragua totaled C$869.3 million (2007 [[Nicaraguan córdoba|NIO]]; $46.7 million 2007 USD, ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|46700|2007}}}} {{#time:Y}} USD).<ref name="felix damage"/>
Adair made one final contribution to the public when he was elected to the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Jackson Democrat]] in 1831.<ref name=congbio /> During the [[22nd United States Congress|22nd Congress]], he served on the [[United States House Committee on Armed Services|Committee on Military Affairs]].<ref name=smith170>Smith, p. 170</ref> During his term, he made only one speech, and it was so inaudible that no one knew what position he was advocating.<ref name=dab /> The House reporter speculated that it concerned mounting Federal troops on horseback.<ref name=dab /> He did not run for re-election in 1833, and left public life for good.<ref name=congbio />
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
 
===Tropical Storm Gabrielle===
==Death and legacy==
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
He died at home in [[Harrodsburg, Kentucky|Harrodsburg]] on May 19, 1840, and was buried on the grounds of his estate, White Hall.<ref name=powell26 /> In 1872, his remains were moved to the [[Frankfort Cemetery]], by the [[Old State Capitol (Kentucky)|state capitol]], and the Commonwealth erected a marker over his grave there.<ref name=dab />
|Basin=Atl
|Image=Gabrielle 09 sept 2007 1800Z.jpg
|Track=Gabrielle 2007 track.png
|Formed=September 8
|Dissipated=September 11
|1-min winds=50
|Pressure=1004
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2007)}}
A [[cold front]] that moved off the southeastern coast of the United States on September 1 developed a weak low over the waters near [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. The low drifted eastward and weakened over the next few days until it joined with convection from an upper-level trough that had been moving over the western Atlantic.<ref name="gabrielletcr">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL072007_Gabrielle.pdf|title=Tropical Cyclone Report for Tropical Storm Gabrielle|accessdate=2007-10-30|author=Daniel P. Brown|date=2007-10-29|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> On September 8, the center of circulation became sufficiently organized to be declared Subtropical Storm Gabrielle, about {{convert|360|nmi|km}} southeast of [[Cape Hatteras]].<ref name="7LDisc1">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al07/al072007.discus.001.shtml?|title=Subtropical Storm Gabrielle Discussion 1|accessdate=2007-10-30|author=Beven/Roberts|date=2007-09-07|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> For the next twelve hours, the system's strongest winds and thunderstorms remained separated from the center. On September 8 new convection eventually united with the center, leading the transition of Gabrielle into a tropical storm. Gabrielle gradually strengthened as it traveled northwest towards [[North Carolina]] and [[Virginia]]. The storm reached its peak intensity of 60 mph (95 km/h) just before it arrived in [[Cape Lookout (North Carolina)|Cape Lookout]], though strong wind shear kept most of the convection and surface winds offshore.<ref name="gabrielletcr">{{cite web|author=Daniel Brown|year=2007|title=Tropical Storm Gabrielle Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-10-30|format=PDF|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL072007_Gabrielle.pdf| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071127085550/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL072007_Gabrielle.pdf| archivedate= 27 November 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Gabrielle weakened over land, and moved back into the Atlantic on September 10. The circulation deteriorated further, and the storm dissipated southwest of [[Nova Scotia]] the next day.<ref name="7LDisc16">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al07/al072007.discus.016.shtml?|title=Subtropical Storm Gabrielle Discussion 16|accessdate=2007-10-30|author=Brown|date=2007-09-11|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref>
 
In advance of the storm, [[tropical cyclone watches and warnings]] were issued for coastal areas,<ref name="gabrielletcr"/> while rescue teams and the U.S. Coast Guard were put on standby.<ref name="USAtoday">{{cite news|author=Associated Press|title=Tropical Storm Gabrielle makes landfall on Outer Banks|publisher=USA Today|accessdate=2008-11-03|url=http://www.usatoday.com/weather/storms/hurricanes/2007-09-07-carolina-storm_N.htm | date=September 10, 2007}}</ref> The storm dropped heavy rainfall near its immediate landfall location but little precipitation elsewhere. Along the coast, high waves, [[rip current]]s, and [[storm surge]] were reported. Slight localized flooding was reported. Gusty winds also occurred, though no wind damage was reported. Overall damage was minor, and there were no fatalities.<ref name="gabrielletcr"/>
In addition to Adair County in Kentucky, [[Adair County, Missouri]], [[Adair County, Iowa]], and the towns of [[Adairville, Kentucky]], and [[Adair, Iowa]], were named in his honor.<ref>Gannett, p. 16</ref><ref>Euntaek, "Jesse James"</ref>
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===Tropical Storm Ingrid===
==Notes==
<!-- Please do not put Humberto before Ingrid. Ingrid formed from TD8, Humberto from TD9. -->
{{Reflist|group=note}}
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=Atl
|Image=Ingrid 14 sept 2007 1310Z.jpg
|Track=Ingrid 2007 track.png
|Formed=September 12
|Dissipated=September 17
|1-min winds=40
|Pressure=1002
}}
A large tropical wave exited Africa on September 6 and initially failed to develop due to strong easterly shear. On September 9, a broad low pressure area developed about midway between Africa and the Lesser Antilles.<ref name="ingridtcr">{{cite web|author=Michelle Mainelli|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=2007-10-17|title=Tropical Storm Ingrid Tropical Cyclone Report|accessdate=2011-11-25|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL082007_Ingrid.pdf}}</ref> The wind shear slowly weakened, and early on September 12 Tropical Depression Eight developed about 1125 miles (1815 km) east of the Lesser Antilles. The system moved west-northwestward due to a ridge to its north, and with continued wind shear, it remained a tropical depression for 24 hours before convection increased further. Early on September 13 it intensified into Tropical Storm Ingrid, reaching peak winds of 45 mph (75 km/h).<ref name="ingridtcr"/> Operationally, it was not upgraded to a tropical storm until that evening.<ref name="td8adv7">{{cite web|author=Erik Blake|date=2007-09-14|title=Tropical Storm Ingrid Advisory #7|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2011-11-25|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al08/al082007.public.007.shtml?}}</ref>
 
Ingrid remained a tropical storm until September 15, when it weakened to a tropical depression due to high shear from a strong [[Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough|tropical upper tropospheric trough]].<ref name="ingridtcr"/> Gradual weakening continued as it passed northeast of the [[Leeward Islands]].<ref name="td8adv16">{{cite web|author=James Franklin|date=2007-09-16|title=Tropical Depression Ingrid Advisory #16|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2011-11-25|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al08/al082007.public.016.shtml?}}</ref> Ingrid briefly reorganized on September 16,<ref name="td8adv16">{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|year=2007|title=Tropical Depression Ingrid Advisory #18|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2011-11-25|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al08/al082007.public.018.shtml?}}</ref> before weakening further and degenerating into an open wave early on September 17.<ref name="td8adv20">{{cite web|author=James Franklin|date=2007-09-17|title=Tropical Depression Ingrid Advisory #20|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2011-11-25|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al08/al082007.public.020.shtml?}}</ref> The remnants turned northwestward within the low-level steering flow, and dissipated on September 18 without redevelopment. There were no reports of damage or casualties associated with Ingrid because the storm never threatened land.<ref name="ingridtcr"/>
==References==
<div style="clear: both"></div>
{{Reflist|4}}
 
===Hurricane Humberto===
{{s-start}}
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
{{s-par|us-sen}}
|Basin=Atl
{{U.S. Senator box|class=3|state=Kentucky| before = [[John Breckinridge (U.S. Attorney General)|John Breckinridge]]| after = [[Henry Clay]] | years =1805–1806| alongside=[[Buckner Thruston]]}}
|Image=Humberto 12 sept 2007 1946Z.jpg
{{s-off}}
|Track=Humberto 2007 track.png
{{succession box|title=[[Governor of Kentucky]]|before=[[Gabriel Slaughter]]|after=[[Joseph Desha]]|years=1820–24}}
|Formed=September 12
{{s-end}}
|Dissipated=September 14
{{USSenKY}}
|1-min winds=80
{{肯塔基州州长}}
|Pressure=985
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Humberto (2007)}}
On September 12, an area of thunderstorm activity in the Gulf of Mexico organized into Tropical Depression Nine, about {{convert|60|mi|km|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Matagorda, Texas]]. Within three hours of forming, it was named [[Hurricane Humberto (2007)|Tropical Storm Humberto]], and it turned to the north-northeast before rapidly intensifying.<ref name="humbertotcr"/> In the early morning hours of September 13, a [[Hurricane Hunter]] aircraft found that Humberto had strengthened into a hurricane while located about 15 miles (20 km) off the coast of Texas.<ref name="disc4">{{cite web|author=Mainelli & Avila|year=2007|title=Hurricane Humberto Special Discussion Four|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-09-13|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al09/al092007.discus.004.shtml?}}</ref> Humberto quickly weakened and entered Southwest [[Louisiana]] as a tropical storm during the afternoon of September 13,<ref name="disc6">{{cite web|author=Franklin|year=2007|title=Tropical Storm Humberto Discussion Six|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-09-13|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al09/al092007.discus.006.shtml?}}</ref> dissipating the next day.<ref name="humbertotcr">{{cite web|author=Blake|year=2007|title=Hurricane Humberto Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-11-19|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL092007_Humberto.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref>
 
Hurricane Humberto caused some structural damage on [[High Island, Texas|High Island]] and widespread tree and power line damage in the [[Beaumont, Texas|Beaumont]]-[[Port Arthur, Texas|Port Arthur]] area.<ref name='Enterprise – Hurricane Humberto hammers SE Texas'>{{cite news | first = Beth | last = Gallaspy | coauthors= | title = Hurricane Humberto hammers SE Texas, kills Bridge City man | date = 2007-09-13 | publisher = Beaumont Enterprise| url = http://www.beaumontenterprise.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=18812791&BRD=2287&PAG=461&dept_id=512588&rfi=6 | work = The Beaumont Enterprise | accessdate = 2007-09-13 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070927194356/http://www.beaumontenterprise.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=18812791&BRD=2287&PAG=461&dept_id=512588&rfi=6 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-09-27}}</ref> Power outages caused four [[oil refinery|oil refineries]] to halt production in [[Beaumont, Texas|Beaumont]]. One person was reported dead as a result of the storm, a [[Bridge City, Texas|Bridge City]] man killed when his carport crashed on him outside his house. Damage was estimated at $50 million.<ref name="Enterprise – Hurricane Humberto hammers SE Texas"/>
{{Authority control|VIAF=71237694|LCCN=nr/90/745}}
 
<div style="clear: both"></div>
{{Persondata
 
| NAME = Adair, John
===Tropical Depression Ten===
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Governor of Kentucky; statesmen; soldier
|Basin=Atl
| DATE OF BIRTH = January 9, 1757
|Image=TD Ten 21 sept 2007 1650Z.jpg
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Chester County, South Carolina
|Track=10-L 2007 track.png
| DATE OF DEATH = May 19, 1840
|Formed=September 21
| PLACE OF DEATH = Mercer County, Kentucky
|Dissipated=September 22
|1-min winds=30
|Pressure=1005
}}
{{Main|Tropical Depression Ten (2007)}}
A [[subtropical cyclone|subtropical depression]] formed on September 21 in the northeastern [[Gulf of Mexico]] from the interaction of a [[tropical wave]], the tail end of a [[cold front]], and an upper-level [[low pressure area|low]]. Initially containing a poorly defined circulation and intermittent thunderstorm activity, the system transitioned into a tropical depression after [[atmospheric convection|convection]] increased over the center. Tracking northwestward, the depression moved ashore near [[Fort Walton Beach, Florida|Fort Walton Beach]] early on September 22, and shortly thereafter it [[tropical cyclone#Dissipation|dissipated]] over southeastern [[Alabama]].<ref name="TenTCR">{{cite web|author=Jamie Rhome|year=2007|title=Tropical Depression Ten Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-10-16|format=PDF|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL102007_Ten.pdf}}</ref>
 
It was the first tropical cyclone to threaten the New Orleans area after the destructive [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005 hurricane season]] and [[Hurricane Katrina]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Michael Winter|year=2007|title=Gulf Coast braces for first tropical storm since Katrina|publisher=USAToday.com|accessdate=2007-09-21|url=http://blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/2007/09/gulf-coast-brac.html|deadurl=yes}} {{Dead link|date=September 2011|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref> Overall impact from the cyclone was minor and largely limited to light rainfall.<ref name="hpc4a">{{cite web|author=Hedge|year=2007|title=Tropical Depression Ten Public Advisory Four|publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center|accessdate=2007-09-22|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/10/10_4.html}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> However, the precursor system spawned a damaging tornado in [[Eustis, Florida]], where 20 houses were destroyed and 30 more were damaged.<ref>{{cite news|author=CBS.com|title=Florida Tornado Strikes 50 Homes|accessdate=2007-09-21|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/09/21/storm/main3285673.shtml | work=CBS News | date=September 21, 2007}}</ref> Damage was estimated at $6.2 million.<ref name="TenTCR"/>
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===Tropical Storm Jerry===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=Atl
|Image=Jerry 24 sept 2007 1259Z.jpg
|Track=Jerry 2007 track.png
|Formed=September 23
|Dissipated=September 24
|1-min winds=35
|Pressure=1003
}}
The origins of Jerry were from a non-tropical [[low pressure area]] over the central Atlantic on September 21. The system meandered for two days, gradually developing deeper convection and gaining organization. On September 23, the [[National Hurricane Center]] declared it a subtropical depression, as a warm [[Eye (cyclone)|core]] had developed but the system was still involved with an upper-level low, and its strongest winds were well removed from the center.<ref name="jerrytcr">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL112007_Jerry.pdf|title=Tropical Storm Jerry Tropical Cyclone Report|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Lixion Avila|date=2007-10-24|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> Early on September 23, both [[satellite]] estimates and [[QuikScat]] data determined that the depression had strengthened into Subtropical Storm Jerry, despite the lack of a well-defined inner core.<ref name="11LDisc2">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al11/al112007.discus.002.shtml?|title=Subtropical Storm Jerry Discussion #2|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Richard Pasch|date=2007-09-23|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref>
 
The storm slowly acquired tropical characteristics including a better-defined warm core,<ref name="11LDisc3">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al11/al112007.discus.003.shtml?|title=Subtropical Storm Jerry Discussion #3|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Daniel Brown|date=2007-09-23|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> and Jerry became fully tropical that evening as a weak and [[Wind shear|sheared]] tropical storm with 40 mph (65 km/h) winds over a small radius.<ref name="jerrytcr"/><ref name="11LDisc4">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al11/al112007.discus.004.shtml?|title=Tropical Storm Jerry Discussion #4|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Daniel Brown|date=2007-09-23|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> It accelerated northeastward over cooler waters with [[sea surface temperature]]s below 75°F (24°C).<ref name="11LDisc5">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al11/al112007.discus.005.shtml?|title=Tropical Storm Jerry Discussion #5|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Richard Knabb|date=2007-09-24|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> On September 24, it weakened to a tropical depression ahead of a powerful [[cold front]] with little deep convection remaining in the system.<ref name="11LDisc6">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al11/al112007.discus.006.shtml?|title=Tropical Depression Jerry Discussion #6|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Richard Pasch|date=2007-09-24|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> That evening, a QuikScat pass determined that Jerry opened up into a [[trough (meteorology)|trough]], which was being absorbed into the larger [[frontal system]].<ref name="11LDisc8">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al11/al112007.discus.008.shtml?|title=Tropical Depression Jerry Discussion #8|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=James Franklin|date=2007-09-24|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> It completely dissipated by early on September 25. Jerry never approached land during its lifespan, and no damage or casualties were reported.<ref name="jerrytcr"/>
 
 
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
 
===Hurricane Karen===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=Atl
|Image=Karen 26 sept 2007 1220Z.jpg
|Track=Karen 2007 track.png
|Formed=September 25
|Dissipated=September 29
|1-min winds=65
|Pressure=988
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Karen (2007)}}
A very large tropical wave accompanied by a large envelope of low pressure emerged from the coast of [[Africa]] on September 21. As it moved westward, deep convection gradually increased over the disturbance as its broad low-level circulation became better-defined. By September 24, as the system traveled northwestward it organized enough to become a tropical depression.<ref name="karentcr">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL152007_Fifteen.pdf|title=Hurricane Karen Tropical Cyclone Report|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Richard Pasch|date=2007-11-21|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> Six hours later the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Karen.<ref name="12LDisc2">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al12/al122007.discus.002.shtml?|title=Tropical Storm Karen Discussion #2|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Jack Beven|date=2007-09-25|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref>
 
Karen's organization and intensity remained steady for the next day. Early on September 26, however, the storm strengthened significantly. In post-operational analysis the cyclone was determined to have reached hurricane-strength for about twelve hours.<ref name="karentcr"/> The strengthening was short-lived because a sharp upper-level trough to the west of Karen increased the amount of vertical [[wind shear]] over the hurricane. By September 28 these unfavorable conditions had weakened Karen to a marginal tropical storm and left its low-level circulation exposed.<ref name="12LDisc14">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al12/al122007.discus.014.shtml?|title=Tropical Storm Karen Discussion #14|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Michelle Mainelli|date=2007-09-28|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> Meanwhile, the storm began heading northward and experiencing intermittent bursts of deep convection. However, the relentless wind shear exposed the system's circulation until it dissipated in the mid-Atlantic on September 29. Karen's remnants lingered near the [[Leeward Islands]] for the next few days, although the system never directly affected land. As a result, no reported damages or casualties were associated with Karen.<ref name="karentcr"/>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
 
===Hurricane Lorenzo===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=Atl
|Image=Lorenzo 27 sept 2007 1920Z.jpg
|Track=Lorenzo 2007 track.png
|Formed=September 25
|Dissipated=September 28
|1-min winds=70
|Pressure=990
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Lorenzo (2007)}}
 
A [[tropical wave]] moved off the western coast of [[Africa]] on September 11,<ref name="lorenzotcr">{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center|year=2007|title=Tropical Cyclone Report for Hurricane Lorenzo|accessdate=2007-10-19|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL132007_Lorenzo.pdf}}</ref>
traversed the Caribbean and crossed the Yucatán on September 21. The disturbance developed a small surface [[Low pressure area|low]] on September 24 while moving erratically over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico.<ref name="lorenzotcr"/> Strong [[wind shear|upper-level winds]] initially prevented the system from developing convection; however, the shear relaxed on the following day and convection increased.<ref name="lorenzotcr"/><ref name="Sept 24 530pm TWO">{{cite web|author=Franklin and Brown|year=2007|title=September 24 5:30 p.m. Tropical Weather Outlook|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-09-26|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWOAT/TWOAT.200709242124.txt |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080116184943/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWOAT/TWOAT.200709242124.txt <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2008-01-16}}</ref> On the evening of September 25, a [[Hurricane Hunters|Hurricane Hunter]] aircraft found evidence that the low qualified as a tropical depression.<ref name="13L Disc 1">{{cite web|author=Franklin|year=2007|title=Tropical Depression Thirteen Discussion 1|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-09-26|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al13/al132007.discus.001.shtml?}}</ref> Under weak steering currents, the depression drifted south and southwest, executing a small cyclonic loop into the [[Bay of Campeche]]. Upper-level winds gave way to an anticyclone above the depression, and the system became Tropical Storm Lorenzo on September 27 about {{convert|130|nmi|km}} east of [[Tuxpan]].<ref name="lorenzotcr"/> Rapid intensification brought Lorenzo to hurricane status early that evening, less than twelve hours after becoming a tropical storm. Lorenzo reached its peak intensity on September 28, then weakened slightly before making landfall near [[Tecolutla, Mexico]] as a minimal hurricane. The small circulation weakened rapidly after landfall, and the system dissipated the next day.<ref name="lorenzotcr"/>
 
Six deaths in [[Mexico]] were attributed to Lorenzo, mostly due to flash floods and mudslides. The states of [[Puebla]] and [[Veracruz]] reported damage from rain and high winds. Two hundred people were forced to evacuate in [[Hidalgo (state)|Hidalgo]] when the [[San Lorenzo River (Mexico)|San Lorenzo River]] overflowed its banks. Lorenzo made landfall in virtually the same location that Hurricane Dean had struck a month earlier.<ref name="lorenzotcr"/> Damage was estimated at $1 billion (2007 [[MXN]]; $92 million 2007 USD, ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|92000000|2007}}}} {{#time:Y}} USD).<ref>{{cite news|author=Lev García|year=2007|title='Lorenzo' deja daños por mil millones de pesos en Veracruz|publisher=El Mañana|language=Spanish}}</ref>
 
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
 
===Tropical Storm Melissa===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=Atl
|Image=Melissa 29 sept 2007 1245Z.jpg
|Track=Melissa 2007 track.png
|Formed=September 28
|Dissipated=September 30
|1-min winds=35
|Pressure=1005
}}
On September 26, a tropical wave exited Africa and quickly developed a low pressure area. Following a convective increase and better-defined outflow, it developed into Tropical Depression Fourteen about 115 miles (185 km) west-southwest of the southernmost Cape Verde Islands early on September 28.<ref name="melissatcr">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL142007_Melissa.pdf|title=Tropical Cyclone Report for Tropical Storm Melissa|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Richard Knabb|date=2007-10-13|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref><ref name="14LDisc1">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al14/al142007.discus.001.shtml?|title=Tropical Depression Fourteen Discussion #1|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Lixion Avila|date=2007-09-28|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> Because the depression was isolated from the [[subtropical ridge]], the depression drifted west-northwestward.<ref name="melissatcr"/> Westerly wind shear prevented significant development,<ref name="14LDisc3">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al14/al142007.discus.003.shtml?|title=Tropical Depression Fourteen Discussion #3|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Jack Beven|date=2007-09-28|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> but following an increase in convection, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Melissa early on September 29.<ref name="14LDisc4">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al14/al142007.discus.004.shtml?|title=Tropical Storm Melissa Discussion #4|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Richard Knabb|date=2007-09-29|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> Similar to previous storms Ingrid and [[Hurricane Karen (2007)|Karen]], high wind shear in the deep tropics hindered Melissa's development,<ref name="14LDisc5">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al14/al142007.discus.005.shtml?|title=Tropical Storm Melissa Discussion #5|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Richard Knabb|date=2007-09-29|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> and its peak winds were only 40 mph (65 km/h);<ref name="melissatcr"/> operationally, satellite imagery suggested the storm reached {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="14LDisc7">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al14/al142007.discus.007.shtml?|title=Tropical Storm Melissa Discussion #7|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Richard Knabb|date=2007-09-29|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> By September 30, the shear and cooler waters weakened Melissa to a tropical depression with a poorly defined surface center.<ref name="14LDisc9">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al14/al142007.discus.009.shtml?|title=Tropical Depression Melissa Discussion #9|accessdate=2011-11-25|author=Richard Knabb|date=2007-09-30|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}</ref> The system lost its deep convection and by that afternoon, Melissa degenerated into a remnant low.<ref>{{cite web|author=Daniel Brown|title=Tropical Depression Melissa discussion number 10|date=2007-09-30|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2011-11-25|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al14/al142007.discus.010.shtml?}}</ref> It continued west-northwestward, producing intermittent convection, until being absorbed by a front northeast of the [[Lesser Antilles]] on October 5. There were no reports of damage or casualties.<ref name="melissatcr"/><div style="clear:both;"></div>
 
===Tropical Depression Fifteen===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=Atl
|Image=TD 15 11 oct 2007 1321Z.jpg
|Track=15-L 2007 track.png
|Formed=October 11
|Dissipated=October 12
|1-min winds=30
|Pressure=1011
}}
An area of disturbed weather extended from the northwestern [[Caribbean Sea]] to the western [[Atlantic Ocean]] on October 4,<ref name="15TCR"/> possibly related to the remnants of [[Hurricane Karen (2007)|Hurricane Karen]].<ref name="D1">{{cite web| author=Franklin| publisher=National Hurricane Center| date=2007-10-11 | accessdate=2011-11-25| title=Tropical Depression Fifteen Discussion one|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al15/al152007.discus.001.shtml?}}</ref> The system slowly organized, developing a [[Low pressure area|surface low pressure]] on October 8 to the northeast of the [[Turks and Caicos Islands]]. [[Atmospheric convection|Convection]] associated with the storm steadily increased as the low moved towards the northeast.<ref name="15TCR">{{cite web| author=Jack Beven| publisher=National Hurricane Center| date=2007-11-22 | accessdate=2011-11-25| title=Tropical Depression Fifteen Tropical Cyclone Report|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL152007_Fifteen.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref> By October 11, the low organized into Tropical Depression Fifteen about 740 mi (1,190 km) east-southeast of [[Bermuda]],<ref name="PA1">{{cite web| author=James Franklin| publisher=National Hurricane Center| date=2007-10-11 | accessdate=2011-11-25| title=Tropical Depression Fifteen Public Advisory one|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al15/al152007.public.001.shtml?}}</ref> after the convection had persisted for about 12 hours. An upper-level low to the west caused strong southwesterly wind shear, which inhibited development.<ref name="D1"/>
 
On October 12, a building ridge caused the depression to slow at the same time as the convection began decreasing.<ref name="D3">{{cite web| author=Jack Beven| publisher=National Hurricane Center| date=2007-10-12 | accessdate=2011-11-25| title=Tropical Depression Fifteen Discussion Three|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al15/al152007.discus.003.shtml?}}</ref> The storm's center became exposed as the deep convection became limited to a few small cells north of the center.<ref name="D4">{{cite web| author=Lixion Avila| publisher=National Hurricane Center| date=2007-10-12 | accessdate=2011-11-25| title=Tropical Depression Fifteen Discussion Four|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al15/al152007.discus.004.shtml?}}</ref> By that afternoon, the depression degenerated into a remnant low.<ref name="D5">{{cite web| author=Lixion Avila| publisher=National Hurricane Center| date=2007-10-12 | accessdate=2011-11-25| title=Remnant Low Fifteen Discussion Five|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al15/al152007.discus.005.shtml?}}</ref> The remnant low persisted for the next several days while picking up speed and taking a gradual turn towards the northeast. The low transitioned into an [[extratropical cyclone]] on October 14 and intensified, moving through the [[Azores]] with gale force winds. It reached winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) before being absorbed by a larger extratropical storm on October 18.<ref name="15TCR"/>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
 
===Hurricane Noel===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=Atl
|Image=Noel 28 oct 2007 1530Z sm.jpg
|Track=Noel 2007 track.png
|Formed=October 28
|Dissipated=November 2
|1-min winds=70
|Pressure=980
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Noel}}
During the evening of October 27 a low pressure system that had been slowly developing over the eastern Caribbean organization into Tropical Depression Sixteen. The next day, it was upgraded to [[Hurricane Noel|Tropical Storm Noel]] and made landfall on Haiti on October 29. Noel meandered across the western Caribbean for the next three days; the storm intensified into a hurricane on November 1. Tracking northward, it began its transition into an [[extratropical cyclone]] on November 2, becoming fully extratropical on November 4 while over [[Labrador]]. As a powerful [[extratropical cyclone]], it crossed back into the Atlantic and began a track towards western [[Greenland]].<ref name="Noel TCR">{{cite web|author=Daniel P. Brown|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Noel|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=2007-12-17|accessdate=2008-02-22|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL162007_Noel.pdf |format=PDF| archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080226214556/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL162007_Noel.pdf| archivedate= 26 February 2008 | deadurl= no}}
</ref>
 
Throughout the Caribbean, Hurricane Noel caused severe damage. Torrential rainfall and mudslides caused by the storm killed at least 87 people in the [[Dominican Republic]] and at least 73 in [[Haiti]].<ref name="Noel TCR"/> Noel generated winds of {{convert|130|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in the [[Wreckhouse, Newfoundland and Labrador|Wreckhouse]] region of [[Newfoundland and Labrador]].<ref name="CTV">{{cite web|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071103/hurricane_Noel_071104/20071104?hub=TopStories|title=Thousands still without power in Noel's wake|publisher= CTV | date = 2007-11-04 |accessdate=2007-11-10| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071106113203/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071103/hurricane_Noel_071104/20071104?hub=TopStories| archivedate= 6 November 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
 
===Tropical Storm Olga===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=Atl
|Image=Olga2007.jpg
|Track=Olga 2007 track.png
|Formed=December 11
|Dissipated=December 13
|1-min winds=50
|Pressure=1003
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Olga (2007)}}
In the second week of December, after the official end of the hurricane season, a low developed east of the northernmost [[Lesser Antilles]]. It slowly acquired tropical characteristics, and late on December 10, the National Hurricane Center declared it Subtropical Storm Olga while just north of [[Puerto Rico]]. It is the first post-season storm since [[Tropical Storm Zeta (2005)|Tropical Storm Zeta]] in the [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005 season]]. Olga was only one of a few out of season landfalls, and was the deadliest post-season storm in the Atlantic Basin, with 40 deaths. The storm made landfall on December 11 on the eastern tip of the [[Dominican Republic]]. Later that evening, Olga transitioned into a tropical storm just after making landfall. Olga tracked over [[Hispaniola]] and emerged in the [[Caribbean Sea]]. Strong [[wind shear]] and dry air caused Olga to weaken into a remnant low early on December 13.<ref name="OlgaTCR">{{cite web|author=Michelle Mainelli|title=Tropical Storm Olga Tropical Cyclone Report|year=2008|publisher=National Hurricane Center|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pdf/TCR-AL172007_Olga.pdf}}</ref>
 
The storm impacted many areas affected by [[Hurricane Noel|Tropical Storm Noel]] a month earlier. In Puerto Rico, moderate rainfall caused one death. According to the National Hurricane Center's [[Tropical Cyclone Report]] on Olga, at least 22 occurred due to the release of floodgates at a dam in [[Santiago Province (Dominican Republic)|Santiago Province]]. Two deaths were also reported in [[Haiti]], and one fatality was confirmed in [[Puerto Rico]]. Almost 12,000 homes were damaged, of which 370 were completely destroyed.<ref name="OlgaTCR"/>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
 
==Storm names==
{| style="float:right; text-align:left; margin-left:1em"
|+'''2007 storm names'''
|-
| style="width:33%;"|
* [[Subtropical Storm Andrea (2007)|Andrea]]
* [[Tropical Storm Barry (2007)|Barry]]
* [[Tropical Storm Chantal (2007)|Chantal]]
* [[Hurricane Dean|Dean]]
* [[Tropical Storm Erin (2007)|Erin]]
* [[Hurricane Felix|Felix]]
* [[Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2007)|Gabrielle]]
| style="width:33%;"|
* [[Hurricane Humberto (2007)|Humberto]]
* Ingrid
* Jerry
* [[Hurricane Karen (2007)|Karen]]
* [[Hurricane Lorenzo (2007)|Lorenzo]]
* Melissa
* [[Hurricane Noel|Noel]]
| style="width:33%;"|
* [[Tropical Storm Olga (2007)|Olga]]
* {{tcname unused|Pablo}}
* {{tcname unused|Rebekah}}
* {{tcname unused|Sebastien}}
* {{tcname unused|Tanya}}
* {{tcname unused|Van}}
* {{tcname unused|Wendy}}
|}
 
The names to the right were used for storms that formed in the Atlantic basin in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center|title=Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names|year=2008|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=2008-05-14|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080516230850/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml| archivedate= 16 May 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref> This is the same list used in the [[2001 Atlantic hurricane season|2001 season]] except for Andrea, Ingrid, and Melissa, which replaced [[Tropical Storm Allison|Allison]], [[Hurricane Iris|Iris]], and [[Hurricane Michelle|Michelle]], respectively and were first used in 2007. Names that were not assigned are marked in {{tcname unused}}.
 
===Retirement===
On May 13, 2008, at the 30th Session of the [[World Meteorological Organization]]'s Regional Association IV Hurricane Committee, the WMO retired the names [[Hurricane Dean (2007)|Dean]], [[Hurricane Felix (2007)|Felix]], and [[Hurricane Noel (2007)|Noel]] from its [[Lists of tropical cyclone names#North Atlantic|rotating name lists]]. The names were replaced with Dorian, Fernand, and Nestor for the [[2013 Atlantic hurricane season|2013 season]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2008/20080513_stormnames.html|title = Dean, Felix and Noel "Retired" from List of Storm Names|accessdate = May 13, 2008|date = May 13, 2008|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}</ref>
 
==Season effects==
 
This is a table of the storms in the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season. It mentions all of the season's storms and their names, landfall(s), peak intensities, damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect(an example of such being a traffic accident or landslide), but are still related to that storm. The damage and death totals in this list include impacts when the storm was a precursor wave or post-tropical low, and all of the damage figures are in 2007 USD.
 
{{Saffir-Simpson small|align=center}}
{{NHC areas affected (Top)|year=2007|basin=North Atlantic tropical cyclone}}
|-
| [[Subtropical Storm Andrea (2007)|Andrea]]
| May 9 – May 11
| {{TC stats cell format|sstorm}} | {{TC stats desc|sstorm}}
| {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| {{convert|1001|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| None
| minimal
| 0 (6)
|
|-
| [[Tropical Storm Barry (2007)|Barry]]
| June 1 – June 2
| {{TC stats cell format|storm}} | {{TC stats desc|storm}}
| {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| {{convert|997|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| [[Tampa Bay, Florida]] (June 2; {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
| minimal
| 1 (2)
|
|-
| [[Tropical Storm Chantal (2007)|Chantal]]
| July 31 – August 1
| {{TC stats cell format|storm}} | {{TC stats desc|storm}}
| {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| {{convert|997|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| None<!--Was extratropical at the time-->
| >$5.5 million
| 0
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Hurricane Dean|Dean]]
| rowspan=2 | August 13 – August 23
| rowspan=2 {{TC stats cell format|cat5}} | {{TC stats desc|cat5}}
| rowspan=2 | {{convert|175|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| rowspan=2 | {{convert|905|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| [[Costa Maya|Costa Maya, Mexico]] (August 21; {{convert|175|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
| rowspan=2 | $1.5 billion
| rowspan=2 | 32 (12)
| rowspan=2 |
|-
| [[Tecolutla, Veracruz]] (August 22; {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
|-
| [[Tropical Storm Erin (2007)|Erin]]
| August 15 – August 17
| {{TC stats cell format|storm}} | {{TC stats desc|storm}}
| {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| {{convert|1003|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| [[San José Island (Texas)|San José Island, Texas]] (August 16; {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
| $25 million
| 16
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Hurricane Felix|Felix]]
| rowspan=2 | August 31 – September 5
| rowspan=2 {{TC stats cell format|cat5}} | {{TC stats desc|cat5}}
| rowspan=2 | {{convert|175|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| rowspan=2 | {{convert|929|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| [[Grenada]] (September 1; {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
| rowspan=2 | $780 million
| rowspan=2 | 130 (3)
| rowspan=2 |
|-
| Punta Gorda, [[Nicaragua]] (September 4; {{convert|160|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
|-
| [[Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2007)|Gabrielle]]
| September 8 – September 11
| {{TC stats cell format|storm}} | {{TC stats desc|storm}}
| {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| {{convert|1004|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| [[Cape Lookout National Seashore|Cape Lookout, NC]] (September 9; {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
| minimal
| none
|
|-
| Ingrid
| September 12 – September 17
| {{TC stats cell format|storm}} | {{TC stats desc|storm}}
| {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| {{convert|1002|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| None
| none
| none
|
|-
| [[Hurricane Humberto (2007)|Humberto]]
| September 12 – September 14
| {{TC stats cell format|cat1}} | {{TC stats desc|cat1}}
| {{convert|90|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| {{convert|985|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| [[High Island, Texas|High Island, TX]] (September 13; {{convert|90|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
| $50 million
| 1
|
|-
| [[Tropical Depression Ten (2007)|Ten]]
| September 21 – September 22
| {{TC stats cell format|depression}} | {{TC stats desc|depression}}
| {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| {{convert|1005|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| [[Fort Walton Beach, Florida|Fort Walton Beach, FL]] (September 21; {{convert|30|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
| $6.2 million
| none
|
|-
| Jerry
| September 23 – September 24
| {{TC stats cell format|storm}} | {{TC stats desc|storm}}
| {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| {{convert|1003|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| None
| none
| none
|
|-
| [[Hurricane Karen (2007)|Karen]]
| September 25 – September 29
| {{TC stats cell format|cat1}} | {{TC stats desc|cat1}}
| {{convert|75|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| {{convert|988|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| None
| none
| none
|
|-
| [[Hurricane Lorenzo (2007)|Lorenzo]]
| September 25 – September 28
| {{TC stats cell format|cat1}} | {{TC stats desc|cat1}}
| {{convert|80|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| {{convert|990|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| [[Tecolutla, Veracruz]] (September 28; {{convert|75|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
| $92 million
| 6
|
|-
| Melissa
| September 28 – September 30
| {{TC stats cell format|storm}} | {{TC stats desc|storm}}
| {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| {{convert|1005|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| None
| none
| none
|
|-
| [[Tropical Depression Fifteen (2007)|Fifteen]]
| October 11 – October 12
| {{TC stats cell format|depression}} | {{TC stats desc|depression}}
| {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| {{convert|1011|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| None
| none
| none
|
|-
| rowspan=4 | [[Hurricane Noel (2007)|Noel]]
| rowspan=4 | October 28 – November 2
| rowspan=4 {{TC stats cell format|cat1}} | {{TC stats desc|cat1}}
| rowspan=4 | {{convert|80|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| rowspan=4 | {{convert|980|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| [[Jacmel|Jacmel, Haiti]] (October 29; {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
| rowspan=4 | $582 million
| rowspan=4 | 163 (6)
| rowspan=4 |
|-
| [[Guardalavaca|Guardalavaca, Cuba]] (October 30; {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
|-
| [[Andros, Bahamas]] (November 1; {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
|-
| [[Nassau, Bahamas]] (November 1; {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Tropical Storm Olga (2007)|Olga]]
| rowspan=2 | December 11 – December 12
| rowspan=2 {{TC stats cell format|storm}} | {{TC stats desc|storm}}
| rowspan=2 | {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| rowspan=2 | {{convert|1003|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}
| [[Vega Baja, Puerto Rico]] (December 11; {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
| rowspan=2 | $45 million
| rowspan=2 | 45
| rowspan=2 |
|-
| [[Punta Cana|Punta Cana, Dominican Republic]] (December 11; {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}})
{{TC Areas affected (Bottom)|TC's=17 cyclones|dates=May 9 – December 13|winds={{convert|175 |mph|km/h|abbr=on|sortable=on}}|pres={{convert|905|hPa|inHg|abbr=on|sortable=on}}|damage= ~$3 billion|deaths=394 (29)|Refs=}}
 
==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
{{Wikipedia books|2007 Atlantic hurricane season}}
*[[List of Atlantic hurricanes]]
*[[List of Atlantic hurricane seasons]]
*[[2007 Pacific hurricane season]]
*[[2007 Pacific typhoon season]]
*[[2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
*South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: [[2006–07 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|2006–07]], [[2007–08 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|2007–08]]
*Australian region cyclone seasons: [[2006–07 Australian region cyclone season|2006–07]], [[2007–08 Australian region cyclone season|2007–08]]
*South Pacific cyclone seasons: [[2006–07 South Pacific cyclone season|2006–07]], [[2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season|2007–08]]
 
==Notes==
<div class="references-small">
<references group=nb/>
</div>
 
== 参考资料 ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
 
==External links==
*[http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ National Hurricane Center Website]
* [http://www.ambiental.co.uk/downloads/2007.html 2007 hurricanes] – Free download of all 2007 hurricane paths – [[Google Earth|Google<sup>TM</sup> Earth]] required
 
{{2007 Atlantic hurricane season buttons}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:2007 Atlantic Hurricane Season}}
[[Category:2007 Atlantic hurricane season| ]]
[[Category:Atlantic hurricane seasons]]
[[Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines]]
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