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中西星名對照表:修订间差异

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{{中西星名对照表}}
{{中西星名对照表}}

'''中西星名對照表'''將中國星名對應到現代星名,並列出所有星區、[[星官]]以及星名的中西譯名,分為32天區,有306星官,共1511星。由於星數眾多,按北天、南天、東方、北方、西方、南方共六個星區分別列表,又獨立出[[二十八宿]]部分以方便瀏覽。
'''中西星名對照表'''將中國星名對應到現代星名,並列出所有星區、[[星官]]以及星名的中西譯名,分為32天區,有306星官,共1511星。由於星數眾多,按北天、南天、東方、北方、西方、南方共六個星區分別列表,又獨立出[[二十八宿]]部分以方便瀏覽。


* [[三垣]][[二十八宿]]([[四象]])的[[星官]]名以丹元子《[[步天歌]]》為準,有283星官<ref>丹元子《[[步天歌]]》所載星數為1464星,短少部份皆為[[四象]]所缺,[[三垣]]各[[星官]]的星數皆與《[[儀象考成]]》相同。</ref>;星數以《[[儀象考成]]》為準,共1381星<ref>[[三垣]][[二十八宿]]283星官中,在[[朱雀]]有5星官是《[[儀象考成]]》未載,故共1381星其中有57星為丹元子《[[步天歌]]》所載。</ref>。[[近南極星區|近南極]]以《[[儀象考成續編]]》為準,有23[[星官]],共130星。
* [[三垣]][[二十八宿]]([[四象]])的[[星官]]名以丹元子《[[步天歌]]》為準,有283星官<ref>丹元子《[[步天歌]]》所載星數為1464星,短少部份皆為[[四象]]所缺,[[三垣]]各[[星官]]的星數皆與《[[儀象考成]]》相同。</ref>;星數以《[[儀象考成]]》為準,共1381星<ref>[[三垣]][[二十八宿]]283星官中,在[[朱雀]]有5星官是《[[儀象考成]]》未載,故共1381星其中有57星為丹元子《[[步天歌]]》所載。</ref>。[[近南極星區|近南極]]以《[[儀象考成續編]]》為準,有23[[星官]],共130星。
* [[中國天文學史]]專有名詞英譯全部以[[香港太空館]][http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstarzone_b.htm 中國星區、星官及星名英譯表]為準。
* [[中國天文學史]]專有名詞英譯全部以[[香港太空館]][http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/zh_TW/web/spm/starshine/resources/constemyth/glossary.html 中國星區、星官及星名英譯表] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/zh_TW/web/spm/starshine/resources/constemyth/glossary.html |date=20201122150242 }}為準。
** 若[[星官]]名稱為國名、地名或人名,皆採用[[漢語拼音]]翻譯,並用大寫表示以資識別。
** 若[[星官]]名稱為國名、地名或人名,皆採用[[漢語拼音]]翻譯,並用大寫表示以資識別。
** [[星官]]命名年代久遠,隨著歷史的發展,在生活習慣、用語、信仰及政府結構上亦起了變化,學術界對不少名稱背後的意義仍未有一致看法,以下只是可能的翻譯之一。
** [[星官]]命名年代久遠,隨著歷史的發展,在生活習慣、用語、信仰及政府結構上亦起了變化,學術界對不少名稱背後的意義仍未有一致看法,以下只是可能的翻譯之一。


==專有名詞==
== 專有名詞 ==

在中國的星象劃分中「垣」、「象」、「宿」、「星官」是四個不同的單位,與現代88星座的劃分方法完全不一樣。
在中國的星象劃分中「垣」、「象」、「宿」、「星官」是四個不同的單位,與現代88星座的劃分方法完全不一樣。


; 垣 Enclosure
; 垣 enclosures
: 「[[三垣]]」是最晚形成的星區概念,皆有東西兩藩的星,即圍繞宮室的牆垣,故又可稱為「宮」。
: 「[[三垣]]」是最晚形成的星區概念,皆有東西兩藩的星,即圍繞宮室的牆垣,故又可稱為「宮」。
; 象 Symbol
; 象 symbols
: 有形象、象徵之意,「[[四象]]」是最早形成的星區概念,後來演變成平面座標中的四個[[象限]]。
: 有形象、象徵之意,「[[四象]]」是最早形成的星區概念,後來演變成平面座標中的四個[[象限]]。
; 宿 Mansion
; 宿 lunar mansions
: 又稱為「舍」,專指二十八個特定的星官或其所在的天區,即「[[二十八宿]]」,其重要性相當於西洋的「[[黃道十二宮]]」。
: 又稱為「舍」,專指二十八個特定的星官或其所在的天區,即「[[二十八宿]]」,其重要性相當於西洋的「[[黃道十二宮]]」。
: 要特別注意的是,在英文中「Mansion」一定是指某特定星官所在的「星區」,而非單一的星官。
: 要特別注意的是,在英文中「lunar mansion」一定是指某特定星官所在的「星區」,而非單一的星官。
; 星官 constellation
; 星官 constellations
: 與西洋「[[星座]]」的意義較為類似,都是星象劃分的最小單位,但中國的「星官」有時只有一顆星,而且對他們之間的邊界沒有作定義,兩者的概念不同。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/AEEA/contents_list/star_sign.html |title=中國古代的星象系統 |accessdate=2007年9月26日 |author=陳輝樺(國立自然科學博物館) |authorlink=國立自然科學博物館 |date=2006年5月22日 |year=2006年 |month=5月 |format=HTML |publisher=AEEA 天文教育資訊網 |pages=參、中國古代的「 恆星的中文名字 」是怎樣制定的? |language=zh-tw |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070607111743/http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/AEEA/contents_list/star_sign.html |archivedate=2007年6月7日}}</ref>
: 與西洋「[[星座]]」的意義較為類似,都是星象劃分的最小單位,但中國的「星官」有時只有一顆星,而且對他們之間的邊界沒有作定義,兩者的概念不同。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/AEEA/contents_list/star_sign.html |title=中國古代的星象系統 |accessdate=2007年9月26日 |author=陳輝樺(國立自然科學博物館) |authorlink=國立自然科學博物館 |format=HTML |publisher=AEEA 天文教育資訊網 |pages=參、中國古代的「 恆星的中文名字 」是怎樣制定的? |language=zh-tw |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607111743/http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/AEEA/contents_list/star_sign.html |archivedate=2007年6月7日 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>
: 「星宿」一詞與「星官」同義<ref>{{cite book |author=楊金鼎 |title=中國文化史大詞典 |edition=1989年11月16日台灣初版一刷 |series=遠流辭書 |date=1989年11月16日 |publisher=遠流 |location=台灣 |language=zh-tw |isbn=957-32-0225-5 |pages=第254頁 |chapter=天文曆法-星官(星宿,星座) }}</ref>,只有用在[[二十八宿]]時,才可以等同於「宿」,兩者意義有所不同,應避免混用。
: 「星宿」一詞與「星官」同義<ref>{{cite book |author=楊金鼎 |title=中國文化史大詞典 |edition=1989年11月16日台灣初版一刷 |series=遠流辭書 |date=1989年11月16日 |publisher=遠流 |location=台灣 |language=zh-tw |isbn=957-32-0225-5 |pages=第254頁 |chapter=天文曆法-星官(星宿,星座) }}</ref>,只有用在[[二十八宿]]時,才可以等同於「宿」,兩者意義有所不同,應避免混用。
: 「天官」有時指「星官」,但一般皆指《[[史記]]˙天官書》中的「五官」,即「五宮」,應避免混用。
: 「天官」有時指「星官」,但一般皆指《[[史記]]·天官書》中的「五官」,即「五宮」,應避免混用。


==三垣==
== 三垣 ==
{{Main|北天中西星名對照表}}
{{See also|三垣}}


'''三垣'''是[[天球]][[北極 (天文)|北極]]附近的星象,分[[紫微垣]]、[[太微垣]]和[[天市垣]]三個天區,在《[[史記]]·天官書》中統稱為「中官」。
{{main|北天中西星名對照表}} {{see also|三垣}}


{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align: center; width: 100%"
'''三垣'''是[[天球]][[北極 (天文)|北極]]附近的星象,分[[紫微垣]]、[[太微垣]]和[[天市垣]]三個天區,在《[[史記]]˙天官書》中統稱為「中官」。

{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|+ 北天中西譯名對照表
|+ 北天中西譯名對照表
|-
|-
! colspan=3 |[[三垣]]<br />Three Enclosures
! colspan=3 |[[三垣]]<br />the three enclosures
|-
| || ||
|-
|-
| style="width:33.33%" |[[紫微垣]]<br />Purple Forbidden Enclosure || style="width:33.33%" |[[太微垣]]<br />Supreme Palace Enclosure || style="width:33.33%" |[[天市垣]]<br />Heavenly Market Enclosure
| style="width:33.33%" |[[紫微垣]]<br />the Purple Forbidden Enclosure || style="width:33.33%" |[[太微垣]]<br />Supreme Palace Enclosure || style="width:33.33%" |[[天市垣]]<br />Heavenly Market Enclosure
|}
|}


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|+ 紫微垣中西譯名對照表
|+ 紫微垣中西譯名對照表
|-
|-
! colspan=5 |[[紫微垣]]<br />Purple Forbidden Enclosure
! colspan=5 |[[紫微垣]]<br />the Purple Forbidden Enclosure
|-
|-
| style="width:20%" |[[北極 (星官)|北極]]<br />Northern pole || style="width:20%" |[[北極一|太子]](附[[北極]])<br />Crown prince || style="width:20%" |[[北極二|帝]](附[[北極]])<br />Emperor || style="width:20%" |[[庶子]](附[[北極]])<br />Son of Concubine || style="width:20%" |[[後宮|-{后}-宮]](附[[北極]])<br />Imperial Concubine
| || || || ||
|-
| style="width:20%" |[[北極]]<br />Northern pole || style="width:20%" |[[太子]](附[[北極]])<br />Crown prince || style="width:20%" |[[帝]](附[[北極]])<br />Emperor || style="width:20%" |[[庶子]](附[[北極]])<br />Son of Concubine || style="width:20%" |[[後宮]](附[[北極]])<br />Imperial Concubine
|-
|-
| [[天樞]](附[[北極]])<br />Celestial pivot || [[四輔]]<br />Four Advisors || [[勾陳]]<br />Curved Array || [[天皇大帝]]<br />Great Emperor of Heaven || [[天柱]]<br />Celestial Pillar
| [[天樞]](附[[北極]])<br />Celestial pivot || [[四輔]]<br />Four Advisors || [[勾陳]]<br />Curved Array || [[天皇大帝]]<br />Great Emperor of Heaven || [[天柱]]<br />Celestial Pillar
|-
|-
| [[御女]]<br />Maids-in-waiting || [[女史]]<br />Female protocol || [[柱史]]<br />Official of royal archives || [[尚書]]<br />Royal secretary || [[天床]]<br />Celestial bed
| [[御女 (紫微垣)|御女]]<br />Maids-in-waiting || [[女史 (星官)|女史]]<br />Female protocol || [[柱史]]<br />Official of royal archives || [[尚書 (星官)|尚書]]<br />Royal secretary || [[天床]]<br />Celestial bed
|-
|-
| [[大理]]<br />Chief judge || [[陰德]]<br />Hidden virtue || [[六甲]]<br />Six Jia || [[五帝內座]]<br />Interior seats of five emperors || [[華蓋]]<br />Canopy of the emperor
| [[大理 (星官)|大理]]<br />Chief judge || [[陰德]]<br />Hidden virtue || [[六甲 (星官)|六甲]]<br />Six Jia || [[五帝內座]]<br />Interior seats of five emperors || [[華蓋 (星官)|華蓋]]<br />Canopy of the emperor
|-
|-
| [[杠]](附[[華蓋]])<br />Canopy Support || [[紫微左垣]]<br />Left wall || [[左樞]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Left pivot || [[上宰]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />First premier || [[少宰]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second premier
| [[杠|-{杠}-]](附[[華蓋 (星官)|華蓋]])<br />Canopy Support || [[紫微左垣]]<br />Left wall || [[左樞]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Left pivot || [[上宰]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />First premier || [[少宰]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second premier
|-
|-
| [[上弼]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />First minister || [[少弼]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second minister || [[上衛]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />First imperial guard || [[少衛]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second imperial guard || [[少丞]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second prime minister
| [[上弼]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />First minister || [[少弼]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second minister || [[上衛_(左垣)|上衛]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />First imperial guard || [[少衛_(左垣)|少衛]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second imperial guard || [[少丞]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second prime minister
|-
|-
| [[紫微右垣]]<br />Right Wall || [[右樞]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Right pivot || [[少尉]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second chief judge || [[上輔]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />First minister || [[少輔]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second minister
| [[紫微右垣]]<br />Right Wall || [[右樞]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Right pivot || [[少尉]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second chief judge || [[上輔]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />First minister || [[少輔]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second minister
|-
|-
| [[上衛]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />First imperial guard || [[少衛]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second imperial guard || [[上丞]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />First prime minister || [[天乙]]<br />Celestial great one || [[太乙]]<br />Frist great one
| [[上衛_(右垣)|上衛]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />First imperial guard || [[少衛_(右垣)|少衛]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second imperial guard || [[上丞]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />First prime minister || [[天乙]]<br />Celestial great one || [[太乙 (星官)|太乙]]<br />First great one
|-
|-
| [[內廚]]<br />Inner kitchen || [[北斗]]<br />Northern dipper || [[天樞]](附[[北斗]])<br />Celestial pivot || [[天璇]](附[[北斗]])<br />Celestial rotating jade || [[天璣]](附[[北斗]])<br />Celestial shining pearl
| [[內廚]]<br />Inner kitchen || [[北斗七星|北斗]]<br />Northern dipper || [[天樞]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Celestial pivot || [[天璇]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Celestial rotating jade || [[天璣]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Celestial shining pearl
|-
|-
| [[天權]](附[[北斗]])<br />Celestial balance || [[玉衡]](附[[北斗]])<br />Jade sighting-tube || [[開陽]](附[[北斗]])<br />Opener of heat || [[搖光]](附[[北斗]])<br />Twinkling brilliance || [[輔]](附[[北斗]])<br />Assistant
| [[天權]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Celestial balance || [[玉衡 (恒星)|玉衡]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Jade sighting-tube || [[開陽 (恆星)|開陽]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Opener of heat || [[搖光]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Twinkling brilliance || [[輔 (星官)|輔]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Assistant
|-
|-
| [[天槍]]<br />Celestial spear || [[玄戈]]<br />Sombre lance || [[三公]]<br />Three excellencies || [[]]<br />Prime minister || [[天理]]<br />Judge for nobility
| [[天枪 (星官)|天槍]]<br />Celestial spear || [[玄戈 (星官)|玄戈]]<br />Sombre lance || [[三公 (紫微垣)|三公]]<br />Three excellencies || 相<br />Prime minister || [[天理]]<br />Judge for nobility
|-
|-
| [[太陽守]]<br />Guard of the Sun || [[太尊]]<br />Royals || [[天牢]]<br />Celestial prison || [[勢]]<br />Eunuch || [[文昌]]<br />Administrative centre
| [[太陽守]]<br />Guard of the Sun || [[太尊]]<br />Royals || [[天牢]]<br />Celestial prison || [[勢 (星官)|勢]]<br />Eunuch || [[文昌 (星官)|文昌]]<br />Administrative centre
|-
|-
| [[內階]]<br />Inner steps || [[三師]]<br />Three top instructors || [[八穀]]<br />Eight kinds of crops || [[傳舍]]<br />Guest house || [[天]]<br />Celestial kitchen
| [[內階]]<br />Inner steps || [[三師]]<br />Three top instructors || [[八穀]]<br />Eight kinds of crops || [[傳舍]]<br />Guest house || [[天]]<br />Celestial kitchen
|-
|-
| [[天棓]]<br />Celestial flail
| [[天棓]]<br />Celestial flail
|}
|}


===太微垣===
=== 太微垣 ===
{{See also|太微垣}}

{{see also|太微垣}}


'''太微垣'''代表[[朝廷]],有20星官,共78星,丹元子《[[步天歌]]》稱為「上元」。
'''太微垣'''代表[[朝廷]],有20星官,共78星,丹元子《[[步天歌]]》稱為「上元」。


{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align: center; width: 100%"
|+ 太微垣中西譯名對照表
|+ 太微垣中西譯名對照表
|-
|-
! colspan=5 |[[太微垣]]<br />Supreme Forbidden Enclosure
! colspan=5 |[[太微垣]]<br />the Supreme Forbidden Enclosure
|-
| || || || ||
|-
|-
| style="width:20%" |[[五帝座]]<br />Seats of the five emperors || style="width:20%" |[[太子]]<br />Crown prince || style="width:20%" |[[從官]]<br />Retinue || style="width:20%" |[[幸臣]]<br />Officer of honour || style="width:20%" |[[五侯]]<br />Five feudal kings
| style="width:20%" |[[五帝座]]<br />Seats of the five emperors || style="width:20%" |[[太子 (星官)|太子]]<br />Crown prince || style="width:20%" |[[从官 (太微垣)|從官]]<br />Retinue || style="width:20%" |[[幸臣 (星官)|幸臣]]<br />Officer of honour || style="width:20%" |[[五侯]]<br />Five feudal kings
|-
|-
| [[九卿]]<br />Nine senior officers || [[三公]]<br />Three excellencies || [[內屏]]<br />Inner screen || [[太微左垣]]<br />Left wall || [[左法]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />Left law administrator
| [[九卿]]<br />Nine senior officers || [[三公 (太微垣)|三公]]<br />Three excellencies || [[內屏]]<br />Inner screen || [[太微左垣]]<br />Left wall || [[左法]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />Left law administrator
|-
|-
| [[東上相]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />First eastern minister || [[東次相]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second eastern minister || [[東次將]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second eastern general || [[]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />First eastern general || [[太微右垣]]<br />Right wall
| [[東上相]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />First eastern minister || [[東次相]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second eastern minister || [[東次將]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second eastern general || [[]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />First eastern general || [[太微右垣]]<br />Right wall
|-
|-
| [[右執法]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />Right law administrator || [[西上將]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />First western general || [[西次將]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second western general || [[西次相]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second western minister || [[西上相]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />First western minister
| [[右執法]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />Right law administrator || [[西上將]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />First western general || [[西次將]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second western general || [[西次相]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second western minister || [[西上相]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />First western minister
|-
|-
| [[郎將]]<br />Captain of the bodyguards || [[郎位]]<br />Official of imperial guard || [[常]]<br />Imperial guards || [[三台]]<br />Three steps || [[上台]](附[[三台]])<br />Upper step
| [[郎將 (星官)|郎將]]<br />Captain of the bodyguards || [[郎位 (星官)|郎位]]<br />Official of imperial guard || [[常]]<br />Imperial guards || [[三台]]<br />Three steps || [[上台]](附[[三台]])<br />Upper step
|-
|-
| [[中台]](附[[三台]])<br />Middle step || [[下台]](附[[三台]])<br />Lower step || [[虎賁]]<br />Emperor's bodyguard || [[少微]]<br />Junior officers || [[長垣]]<br />Long wall
| [[中台]](附[[三台]])<br />Middle step || [[下台]](附[[三台]])<br />Lower step || [[虎賁]]<br />Emperor's bodyguard || [[少微]]<br />Junior officers || [[长垣 (星官)|長垣]]<br />Long wall
|-
|-
| [[靈台]]<br />Astronomical observatory || [[明堂]]<br />Cosmological temple || [[謁者]]<br />Usher of the court
| [[灵台 (星官)|靈台]]<br />Astronomical observatory || [[明堂 (星官)|明堂]]<br />Cosmological temple || [[謁者 (星官)|謁者]]<br />Usher of the court
|}
|}


===天市垣===
===天市垣===
{{See also|天市垣}}

{{see also|天市垣}}


'''天市垣'''代表[[諸侯]],有19星官,共87星,丹元子《[[步天歌]]》稱為「下元」。
'''天市垣'''代表[[諸侯]],有19星官,共87星,丹元子《[[步天歌]]》稱為「下元」。


{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align: center; width: 100%"
|+ 天市垣中西譯名對照表
|+ 天市垣中西譯名對照表
|-
|-
! colspan=5 |[[天市垣]]<br />Heavenly Forbidden Enclosure
! colspan=5 |[[天市垣]]<br />the Heavenly Forbidden Enclosure
|-
| || || || ||
|-
|-
| style="width:19%" |[[帝座]]<br />Emperor's seat || style="width:19%" |[[候]]<br />Astrologer || style="width:19%" |[[宦者]]<br />Eunuch official || style="width:19%" |[[斗]]<br />Dipper for liquids || style="width:24%" |[[斛]]<br />Dipper for solids
| style="width:19%" |[[帝座]]<br />Emperor's seat || style="width:19%" |[[候 (星官)|候]]<br />Astrologer || style="width:19%" |[[宦者]]<br />Eunuch official || style="width:19%" |[[斗 (星官)|斗]]<br />Dipper for liquids || style="width:24%" |[[斛 (星官)|斛]]<br />Dipper for solids
|-
|-
| [[列肆]]<br />Jewel market || [[車肆]]<br />Commodity market || [[市樓]]<br />Municipal office || [[宗正]]<br />Official for royal clan || [[宗人]]<br />Official of Religious Ceremonies
| [[列肆]]<br />Jewel market || [[車肆]]<br />Commodity market || [[市樓]]<br />Municipal office || [[宗正]]<br />Official for royal clan || [[宗人]]<br />Official of Religious Ceremonies
|-
|-
| [[宗]]<br />Patriarchal clan || [[帛度]]<br />Textile ruler || [[屠肆]]<br />Butcher's shops || [[天市左垣]]<br />Left wall || [[魏]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />WEI
| [[宗 (星官)|宗]]<br />Patriarchal clan || [[帛度]]<br />Textile ruler || [[屠肆]]<br />Butcher's shops || [[天市左垣]]<br />Left wall || [[魏 (恆星)|魏]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />WEI
|-
|-
| [[趙]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />ZHAO || [[九河]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />JIUHE || [[中山]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />ZHONGSHAN || [[齊]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />QI || [[吳越]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />WUYUE
| [[天市左垣二|趙]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />ZHAO || [[天市左垣三|九河]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />JIUHE || [[中山國|中山]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />ZHONGSHAN || [[齊 (恆星)|齊]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />QI || [[天市左垣六|吳越]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />WUYUE
|-
|-
| [[徐]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />XU || [[東海]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />DONGHAI || [[燕]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />YAN || [[南海]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />NANHAI || [[宋]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />SONG
| [[徐]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />XU || [[東海]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />DONGHAI || [[燕 (恆星)|燕]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />YAN || [[天市左垣十|南海]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />NANHAI || [[天市左垣十一|宋]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />SONG
|-
|-
| [[天市右垣]]<br />Right wall || [[河中]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />HEZHONG || [[河間]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />HEJIAN || [[晉]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />JIN || [[鄭]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />ZHENG
| [[天市右垣]]<br />Right wall || [[天市右垣一|河中]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />HEZHONG || [[天市右垣二|河間]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />HEJIAN || [[天市右垣三|晉]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />JIN || [[鄭 (恆星)|鄭]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />ZHENG
|-
|-
| [[周]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />ZHOU || [[秦]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />QIN || [[蜀]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />SHU || [[巴]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />BA || [[梁]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />LIANG
| [[天市右垣五|周]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />ZHOU || [[天市右垣六|秦]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />QIN || [[天市右垣七|蜀]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />SHU || [[巴]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />BA || [[天市右垣九|梁]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />LIANG
|-
|-
| [[楚]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />CHU || [[韓]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />HAN || [[天紀]]<br />Celestial Discipline || [[女床]]<br />Woman's bed || [[貫索]]<br />Coiled thong
| [[楚 (恆星)|楚]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />CHU || [[韓 (恆星)|韓]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />HAN || [[天紀]]<br />Celestial Discipline || [[女床]]<br />Woman's bed || [[貫索]]<br />Coiled thong
|-
|-
| [[七公]]<br />Seven excellencies
| [[七公]]<br />Seven excellencies
第150行: 第140行:
|+ 四方中西譯名對照表
|+ 四方中西譯名對照表
|-
|-
! colspan=4 |[[四象]]<br />Four Symbols
! colspan=4 |[[四象]]<br />the four symbols
|-
| || || ||
|-
|-
| style="width:25%" |[[青龍|東方青龍]]<br />Azure Dragon of the East || style="width:25%" |[[玄武|北方玄武]]<br />Murky Warrior of the North || style="width:25%" |[[白虎|西方白虎]]<br />White Tiger of the West || style="width:25%" |[[朱雀|南方朱雀]]<br />Vermilion Bird of the South
| style="width:25%" |[[青龍|東方青龍]]<br />Azure Dragon of the East || style="width:25%" |[[玄武|北方玄武]]<br />Murky Warrior of the North || style="width:25%" |[[白虎|西方白虎]]<br />White Tiger of the West || style="width:25%" |[[朱雀|南方朱雀]]<br />Vermilion Bird of the South
|}
|}


===二十八宿===
=== 二十八宿 ===
{{Main|二十八宿中西星名对照表}}

{{main|二十八宿中西星名對照表}} {{see also|二十八宿}}
{{See also|二十八宿}}


'''二十八宿'''包括[[四象]]中最重要的28星官,有167星。在中國星象發展的歷史最早,並且是逐步完備而成,但也因為年代久遠,對於他是如何選定、劃分,仍無一致共識。
'''二十八宿'''包括[[四象]]中最重要的28星官,有167星。在中國星象發展的歷史最早,並且是逐步完備而成,但也因為年代久遠,對於他是如何選定、劃分,仍無一致共識。
第166行: 第154行:
|+ 二十八宿中西譯名對照表
|+ 二十八宿中西譯名對照表
|-
|-
! colspan=8 |[[二十八宿]]<br />Twenty-eight Mansions
! colspan=8 |[[二十八宿]]<br />the twenty-eight lunar mansions
|-
| || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
! style="width:25%" |[[青龍|東方七宿]]<br />Seven Mansions of the East
! style="width:25%" |[[青龍|東方七宿]]<br />Seven Mansions of the East
| style="width:10%" |[[角宿|角]]<br />Horn || style="width:10%" |[[亢宿|亢]]<br />Neck || style="width:10%" |[[氐宿|氐]]<br />Root || style="width:10%" |[[房宿|房]]<br />Room || style="width:10%" |[[心宿|心]]<br />Heart || style="width:10%" |[[尾宿|尾]]<br />Tail || style="width:15%" |[[箕宿|箕]]<br />Winnowing-basket
| style="width:10%" |[[角宿|角]]<br />Horn || style="width:10%" |[[亢宿|亢]]<br />Neck || style="width:10%" |[[氐宿|氐]]<br />Root || style="width:10%" |[[房宿|房]]<br />Room || style="width:10%" |[[心宿|心]]<br />Heart || style="width:10%" |[[尾宿|尾]]<br />Tail || style="width:15%" |[[箕宿|箕]]<br />Winnowing-basket
|-
|-
! [[玄武|北方七宿]]<br />the seven mansions of the north
| || || || || ||
| [[斗宿|斗]]<br />Dipper || [[牛宿|牛]]<br />the Ox || [[女宿|女]]<br />the Girl || [[虛宿|虛]]<br />the Emptiness || [[危宿|危]]<br />the Rooftop || [[室宿|室]]<br />the Encampment || [[壁宿|壁]]<br />the Wall
|-
|-
! [[玄武|方七宿]]<br />Seven Mansions of the North
! [[白虎|西方七宿]]<br />the seven mansions of the west
| [[宿|]]<br />Dipper || [[宿|]]<br />Ox || [[宿|]]<br />Girl || [[宿|]]<br />Emptiness || [[宿|]]<br />Rooftop || [[宿|]]<br />Encampment || [[宿|]]<br />Wall
| [[宿|]]<br />the Legs || [[宿|]]<br />the Bond || [[宿|]]<br />the Stomach || [[宿|]]<br />the Hairy head || [[宿|]]<br />the Net || [[宿|]]<br />the Turtle beak || [[宿|]]<br />the Three (stars)
|-
|-
! [[朱雀|南方七宿]]<br />the seven mansions of the south
| || || || || ||
| [[井宿|井]]<br />the Well || [[鬼宿|鬼]]<br />the Ghosts || [[柳]]<br />the Willow || [[星宿|星]]<br />the Star || [[張宿|張]]<br />the Extended Net || [[翼宿|翼]]<br />the Wings || [[軫宿|軫]]<br />the Chariot
|-
! [[白虎|西方七宿]]<br />Seven Mansions of the West
| [[奎宿|奎]]<br />Legs || [[婁宿|婁]]<br />Bond || [[胃宿|胃]]<br />Stomach || [[昴宿|昴]]<br />Hairy head || [[畢宿|畢]]<br />Net || [[觜宿|觜]]<br />Turtle beak || [[參宿|參]]<br />Three stars
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
! [[朱雀|南方七宿]]<br />Seven Mansions of the South
| [[井宿|井]]<br />Well || [[鬼宿|鬼]]<br />Ghosts || [[柳|柳]]<br />Willow || [[星宿|星]]<br />Star || [[張宿|張]]<br />Extended net || [[翼宿|翼]]<br />Wings || [[軫宿|軫]]<br />Chariot
|}
|}


===青龍===
=== 青龍 ===
{{Main|東方中西星名對照表}}
{{See also|青龍}}


'''青龍'''代表[[春季]],有46星官,共153星,《[[史記]]·天官書》稱為「東官」。
{{main|東方中西星名對照表}} {{see also|青龍}}

'''青龍'''代表[[春季]],有46星官,共153星,《[[史記]]˙天官書》稱為「東官」。


{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|+ 東方中西譯名對照表
|+ 東方中西譯名對照表
|-
|-
! colspan=6 |[[青龍]]<br />Azure Dragon
! colspan=6 |[[青龍]]<br />the Azure Dragon
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 style="width:10%" |[[角宿]]<br />Horn Mansion
! rowspan=3 style="width:10%" |[[角宿]]<br />Horn Mansion
| style="width:18%" |[[角宿|角]]<br />Horn || style="width:18%" |[[平道]]<br />Flat road || style="width:18%" |[[天田]]<br />Celestial farmland || style="width:18%" |[[周鼎]]<br />Tripod of the ZHOU || style="width:18%" |[[進賢]]<br />Recommending virtuous man
| style="width:18%" |[[角宿|角]]<br />Horn || style="width:18%" |[[平道]]<br />Flat road || style="width:18%" |[[天田 (星官)|天田]]<br />Celestial farmland || style="width:18%" |[[周鼎 (星官)|周鼎]]<br />Tripod of the ZHOU || style="width:18%" |[[进贤 (恒星)|進賢]]<br />Recommending virtuous man
|-
| [[天門]]<br />Celestial gate || [[平]]<br />Judging || [[庫樓]]<br />Arsenal || [[柱]]<br />Pillars || [[衡]]<br />Railings
|-
|-
| [[天门 (星官)|天門]]<br />Celestial gate || [[平 (星官)|平]]<br />Judging || [[库楼]]<br />Arsenal || [[柱 (星官)|柱]]<br />Pillars || [[衡 (星官)|衡]]<br />Railings
| [[南門]]<br />Southern gate
|-
|-
| [[南门 (星官)|南門]]<br />Southern gate
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |[[亢宿]]<br />Neck Mansion
! rowspan=2 |[[亢宿]]<br />Neck Mansion
| [[亢宿|亢]]<br />Neck || [[大角]]<br />Great horn || [[左提]]<br />Right conductor || [[右提]]<br />Left conductor || [[折威]]<br />Executions
| [[亢宿|亢]]<br />Neck || [[大角]]<br />Great horn || [[左提]]<br />Left conductor || [[右提]]<br />Right conductor || [[折威]]<br />Executions
|-
|-
| [[頓頑]]<br />Trials || [[陽門]]<br />Gate of YANG
| [[顿顽]]<br />Trials || [[阳门 (星官)|陽門]]<br />Gate of YANG
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 |[[氐宿]]<br />Root Mansion
! rowspan=3 |[[氐宿]]<br />Root Mansion
| [[氐宿|氐]]<br />Root || [[亢池]]<br />Boats and lake || [[帝席]]<br />Mattress of the emperor || [[梗河]]<br />Celestial lance || [[招]]<br />Twinkling indicator
| [[氐宿|氐]]<br />Root || [[亢池 (星官)|亢池]]<br />Boats and lake || [[帝席]]<br />Mattress of the emperor || [[梗河]]<br />Celestial lance || [[招]]<br />Twinkling indicator
|-
|-
| [[天乳]]<br />Celestial milk || [[天]]<br />Celestial spokes || [[陣車]]<br />Battle chariots || [[車騎]]<br />Chariots and cavalry || [[騎陣將軍]]<br />Chariot and Cavalry general
| [[天乳]]<br />Celestial milk || [[天]]<br />Celestial spokes || [[阵车]]<br />Battle chariots || [[车骑 (星官)|車騎]]<br />Chariots and cavalry || [[騎陣將軍]]<br />Chariot and Cavalry general
|-
|-
| [[騎官]]<br />Imperial guards
| [[骑官 (星官)|騎官]]<br />Imperial guards
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |[[房宿]]<br />Room Mansion
! rowspan=2 |[[房宿]]<br />Room Mansion
| [[房宿|房]]<br />Room || [[鉤鈐]](附[[房宿]])<br />Lock || [[鍵閉]]<br />Door bolt || [[罰]]<br />Punishment || [[東咸]]<br />Eastern door
| [[房宿|房]]<br />Room || [[钩钤一和钩钤二|鉤鈐]](附[[房宿]])<br />Lock || [[鍵閉]]<br />Door bolt || [[罚 (星官)|罰]]<br />Punishment || [[东咸 (星官)|東咸]]<br />Eastern door
|-
|-
| [[西咸]]<br />Western door || [[日]]<br />Sun || [[從官]]<br />Retinue
| [[西咸]]<br />Western door || [[日 (星官)|日]]<br />Sun || [[从官 (房宿)|從官]]<br />Retinue
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=1 |[[心宿]]<br />Heart Mansion
! rowspan=1 |[[心宿]]<br />Heart Mansion
| [[心宿|心]]<br />Heart || [[積卒]]<br />Group of soldiers
| [[心宿|心]]<br />Heart || [[积卒 (星官)|積卒]]<br />Group of soldiers
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |[[尾宿]]<br />Tail Mansion
! rowspan=2 |[[尾宿]]<br />Tail Mansion
| [[尾宿|尾]]<br />Tail || [[神宮]](附[[尾宿]])<br />Changing room || [[天江]]<br />Celestial river || [[傅說]]<br />FUYUE || [[魚]]<br />Fish
| [[尾宿|尾]]<br />Tail || [[NGC 6231|神宮]](附[[尾宿]])<br />Changing room || [[天江]]<br />Celestial river || [[傅說 (恆星)|傅說]]<br />FUYUE || [[托勒密星團|魚]]<br />Fish
|-
|-
| [[龜]]<br />Tortoise
| [[龟 (星官)|龜]]<br />Tortoise
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=1 |[[箕宿]]<br />Winnowing-basket Mansion
! rowspan=1 |[[箕宿]]<br />Winnowing-basket Mansion
| [[箕宿|箕]]<br />Winnowing-basket || [[糠]]<br />Chaff || [[杵]]<br />Pestle
| [[箕宿|箕]]<br />Winnowing-basket || [[糠 (星官)|糠]]<br />Chaff || [[杵 (箕宿)|杵]]<br />Pestle
|}
|}


===玄武===
===玄武===
{{main|北方中西星名對照表}}
{{see also|玄武}}


'''玄武'''代表[[冬季]],有65星官,共371星,《[[史記]]·天官書》稱為「北官」。
{{main|北方中西星名對照表}} {{see also|玄武}}

'''玄武'''代表[[冬季]],有65星官,共371星,《[[史記]]˙天官書》稱為「北官」。


{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|+ 北方中西譯名對照表
|+ 北方中西譯名對照表
|-
|-
! colspan=6 |[[玄武]]<br />Azure Dragon
! colspan=6 |[[玄武]]<br />the Black Warrior
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 style="width:10%" |[[斗宿]]<br />Dipper Mansion
! rowspan=2 style="width:10%" |[[斗宿]]<br />Dipper Mansion
| style="width:18%" |[[斗宿|斗]]<br />Dipper || style="width:18%" |[[天龠]]<br />Celestial keyhole || style="width:18%" |[[天弁]]<br />Market officer || style="width:18%" |[[建]]<br />Establishment || style="width:18%" |[[天]]<br />Celestial cock
| style="width:18%" |[[斗宿|斗]]<br />Dipper || style="width:18%" |[[天龠 (星官)|天龠]]<br />Celestial keyhole || style="width:18%" |[[天弁]]<br />Market officer || style="width:18%" |[[建 (星官)|建]]<br />Establishment || style="width:18%" |[[天]]<br />Celestial cock
|-
|-
| [[狗]]<br />Dog || [[狗]]<br />Territory of dogs || [[天淵]]<br />Celestial spring || [[農丈人]]<br />Peasant || [[鱉]]<br />River turtle
| [[狗 (星官)|狗]]<br />Dog || [[狗]]<br />Territory of dogs || [[天渊 (星官)|天淵]]<br />Celestial spring || [[農丈人]]<br />Peasant || [[鳖 (星官)|鱉]]<br />River turtle
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 |[[牛宿]]<br />Ox Mansion
! rowspan=3 |[[牛宿]]<br />Ox Mansion
| [[牛宿|牛]]<br />Ox || [[天桴]]<br />Celestial drumstick || [[河鼓]]<br />Drum at the river || [[左旗]]<br />Left flag || [[右旗]]<br />Right flag
| [[牛宿|牛]]<br />Ox || [[天桴 (星官)|天桴]]<br />Celestial drumstick || [[河鼓]]<br />Drum at the river || [[左旗 (星官)|左旗]]<br />Left flag || [[右旗 (星官)|右旗]]<br />Right flag
|-
| [[織女]]<br />Weaving girl || [[漸臺]]<br />Clepsydra terrace || [[輦道]]<br />Imperial passageway || [[羅堰]]<br />Networks of dykes || [[天田]]<br />Celestial farmland
|-
|-
| [[织女 (星官)|織女]]<br />Weaving girl || [[渐台]]<br />Clepsydra terrace || [[辇道 (星官)|輦道]]<br />Imperial passageway || [[罗堰 (星官)|羅堰]]<br />Networks of dykes || [[天田 (星官)|天田]]<br />Celestial farmland
| [[九坎]]<br />Nine water wells
|-
|-
| [[九坎 (星官)|九坎]]<br />Nine water wells
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=4 |[[女宿]]<br />Girl Mansion
! rowspan=4 |[[女宿]]<br />Girl Mansion
| [[女|女]]<br />Girl || [[離珠]]<br />Pearls on ladies' wear || [[敗瓜]]<br />Rotten gourd || [[瓠瓜]]<br />Good gourd || [[天津]]<br />Celestial ford
| [[女 (星官)|女]]<br />Girl || [[离珠 (星官)|離珠]]<br />Pearls on ladies' wear || [[败瓜 (星官)|敗瓜]]<br />Rotten melom || [[瓠瓜 (星官)|瓠瓜]]<br />Good malom || [[天津 (星官)|天津]]<br />Celestial ford
|-
|-
| [[奚仲]]<br />XIZHONG || [[扶筐]]<br />Basket for mulberry leaves || [[十二國]]<br />Twelve countries || [[]](附[[十二國]])<br />ZHOU || [[]](附[[十二國]])<br />QIN
| [[奚仲 (星官)|奚仲]]<br />XIZHONG || [[扶筐 (星官)|扶筐]]<br />Basket for mulberry leaves || [[十二国 (星官)|十二國]]<br />Twelve countries || 周(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />ZHOU || 秦(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />QIN
|-
|-
| [[]](附[[十二國]])<br />DAI || [[]](附[[十二國]])<br />ZHAO || [[]](附[[十二國]])<br />YUE || [[]](附[[十二國]])<br />QI || [[]](附[[十二國]])<br />CHU
| 代(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />DAI || 趙(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />ZHAO || 越(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />YUE || 齊(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />QI || 楚(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />CHU
|-
|-
| [[]](附[[十二國]])<br />ZHENG || [[]](附[[十二國]])<br />WEI || [[]](附[[十二國]])<br />HAN || [[]](附[[十二國]])<br />JIN || [[]](附[[十二國]])<br />YAN
| 鄭(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />ZHENG || 魏(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />WEI || 韓(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />HAN || 晉(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />JIN || 燕(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />YAN
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |[[虛宿]]<br />Emptiness Mansion
! rowspan=2 |[[虛宿]]<br />Emptiness Mansion
| [[虛宿|虛]]<br />Emptiness || [[司命]]<br />Deified judge of life || [[司祿]]<br />Deified judge of rank || [[司危]]<br />Deified judge of disaster and good fortune || [[司非]]<br />Deified judge of right and wrong
| [[虛宿|虛]]<br />Emptiness || [[司命 (星官)|司命]]<br />Deified judge of life || [[司禄 (星官)|司祿]]<br />Deified judge of rank || [[司危 (星官)|司危]]<br />Deified judge of disaster and good fortune || [[司非 (星官)|司非]]<br />Deified judge of right and wrong
|-
|-
| [[哭]]<br />Crying || [[泣]]<br />Weeping || [[璃瑜]]<br />Jade ornament on ladies' wear || [[天城]]<br />Celestial ramparts || [[敗臼]]<br />Decayed Mortar
| [[哭 (星官)|哭]]<br />Crying || [[泣 (星官)|泣]]<br />Weeping || [[璃瑜 (星官)|璃瑜]]<br />Jade ornament on ladies' wear || [[天城]]<br />Celestial ramparts || [[败臼 (星官)|敗臼]]<br />Decayed Mortar
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 |[[危宿]]<br />Rooftop Mansion
! rowspan=3 |[[危宿]]<br />Rooftop Mansion
| [[危宿|危]]<br />Rooftop || [[墳墓]](附[[危宿]])<br />Tomb || [[蓋屋]]<br />Roofing || [[虛梁]]<br />Temple || [[天錢]]<br />Celestial money
| [[危宿|危]]<br />Rooftop || [[坟墓 (星官)|墳墓]](附[[危宿]])<br />Tomb || [[盖屋 (星官)|蓋屋]]<br />Roofing || [[虚梁 (星官)|虛梁]]<br />Temple || [[天钱 (星官)|天錢]]<br />Celestial money
|-
|-
| [[人]]<br />Humans || [[杵]]<br />Pestle || [[臼]]<br />Mortar || [[府]]<br />Big yard for chariots || [[造父]]<br />ZAOFU
| [[人]]<br />Humans || [[杵 (危宿)|杵]]<br />Pestle || [[臼]]<br />Mortar || [[府]]<br />Big yard for chariots || [[造父 (星官)|造父]]<br />ZAOFU
|-
|-
| [[天]]<br />Celestial hook
| [[天]]<br />Celestial hook
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 |[[室宿]]<br />Encampment Mansion
! rowspan=3 |[[室宿]]<br />Encampment Mansion
| [[室宿|室]]<br />Encampment || [[離宮]](附[[室宿]])<br />Resting palace || [[螣蛇]]<br />Flying serpent || [[雷電]]<br />Thunder and lightning || [[土公吏]]<br />Official for materials supply
| [[室宿|室]]<br />Encampment || [[離宮]](附[[室宿]])<br />Resting palace || [[螣蛇]]<br />Flying serpent || [[雷电 (星官)|雷電]]<br />Thunder and lightning || [[土公吏 (星官)|土公吏]]<br />Official for materials supply
|-
|-
| [[]]<br />The line of ramparts || [[羽林軍]]<br />Palace guard || [[天綱]]<br />Materials for Making Tents || [[北落師門]]<br />North gate of the military camp || [[鈇鉞]]<br />Axe
| [[]]<br />The line of ramparts || [[羽林军 (星官)|羽林軍]]<br />Palace guard || [[南鱼座δ|天綱]]<br />Materials for Making Tents || [[北落师门]]<br />North gate of the military camp || [[鈇鉞 (星官)|鈇鉞]]<br />Axe
|-
|-
| [[八魁]]<br />Net for catching birds
| [[八魁 (星官)|八魁]]<br />Net for catching birds
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |[[壁宿]]<br />Wall Mansion
! rowspan=2 |[[壁宿]]<br />Wall Mansion
| [[壁宿|壁]]<br />Wall || [[天廄]]<br />Celestial stable || [[土公]]<br />Official for earthworks and buildings || [[霹靂]]<br />Thunderbolt || [[雲雨]]<br />Cloud and rain
| [[壁宿|壁]]<br />Wall || [[天厩 (星官)|天廄]]<br />Celestial stable || [[土公]]<br />Official for earthworks and buildings || [[霹雳 (星官)|霹靂]]<br />Thunderbolt || [[云雨 (星官)|雲雨]]<br />Cloud and rain
|-
|-
| [[鈇鑕]]<br />Sickle
| [[鈇鑕 (星官)|鈇鑕]]<br />Sickle
|}
|}


===白虎===
===白虎===
{{main|西方中西星名對照表}}
{{see also|白虎}}


'''白虎'''代表[[秋季]],有54星官,共291星,《[[史記]]·天官書》稱為「西官」。
{{main|西方中西星名對照表}} {{see also|白虎}}

'''白虎'''代表[[秋季]],有54星官,共291星,《[[史記]]˙天官書》稱為「西官」。


{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|+ 西方中西譯名對照表
|+ 西方中西譯名對照表
|-
|-
! colspan=6 |[[白虎]]<br />Azure Dragon
! colspan=6 |[[白虎]]<br />the White Tiger
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 style="width:10%" |[[奎宿]]<br />Legs Mansion
! rowspan=2 style="width:10%" |[[奎宿]]<br />Legs Mansion
| style="width:18%" |[[奎宿|奎]]<br />Legs || style="width:18%" |[[王良]]<br />WANGLIANG || style="width:18%" |[[策]]<br />Whip || style="width:18%" |[[附路]]<br />Auxiliary road || style="width:18%" |[[軍南門]]<br />Southern military gate
| style="width:18%" |[[奎宿|奎]]<br />Legs || style="width:18%" |[[王良 (星官)|王良]]<br />WANGLIANG || style="width:18%" |[[策]]<br />Whip || style="width:18%" |[[附路]]<br />Auxiliary road || style="width:18%" |[[軍南門]]<br />Southern military gate
|-
|-
| [[閣道]]<br />Flying corridor || [[外屏]]<br />Outer fence || [[天溷]]<br />Celestial pigsty || [[土司空]]<br />Master of constructions
| [[閣道]]<br />Flying corridor || [[外屏 (星官)|外屏]]<br />Outer fence || [[天溷 (星官)|天溷]]<br />Celestial pigsty || [[土司空]]<br />Master of constructions
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |[[娄宿]]<br />Bond Mansion
| || || || || ||
| [[娄宿|婁]]<br />Bond || [[天大将军]]<br />Great general of the heaven || [[左更]]<br />Official in charge of forest || [[右更]]<br />Official in charge of pasturing || [[天仓]]<br />Square celestial granary
|-
|-
| [[天庾 (星官)|天庾]]<br />Ricks of grain
! rowspan=2 |[[婁宿]]<br />Bond Mansion
| [[婁宿|婁]]<br />Bond || [[天大將軍]]<br />Great general of the heaven || [[左更]]<br />Official in charge of forest || [[右更]]<br />Official in charge of pasturing || [[天倉]]<br />Square celestial granary
|-
| [[天庾]]<br />Ricks of grain
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |[[胃宿]]<br />Stomach Mansion
! rowspan=2 |[[胃宿]]<br />Stomach Mansion
| [[胃宿|胃]]<br />Stomach || [[大陵]]<br />Mausoleum || [[積尸]]<br />Heaps of corpses || [[天船]]<br />Celestial boat || [[積水]]<br />Stored water
| [[胃宿|胃]]<br />Stomach || [[大陵]]<br />Mausoleum || [[积尸 (星官)|積尸]]<br />Heaps of corpses || [[天船]]<br />Celestial boat || [[積水 (胃宿)|積水]]<br />Stored water
|-
| [[天廩]]<br />Celestial foodstuffs || [[天囷]]<br />Circular celestial granary
|-
|-
| [[天廪]]<br />Celestial foodstuffs || [[天囷]]<br />Circular celestial granary
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |[[昴宿]]<br />Hairy head Mansion
! rowspan=2 |[[昴宿]]<br />Hairy head Mansion
| [[昴宿|昴]]<br />Hairy head || [[天阿]]<br />Celestial river || [[月]]<br />Moon || [[卷舌]]<br />Rolled tongue || [[天讒]]<br />Celestial slander
| [[昴宿|昴]]<br />Hairy head || [[天阿]]<br />Celestial river || [[月 (星官)|月]]<br />Moon || [[卷舌]]<br />Rolled tongue || [[天讒]]<br />Celestial slander
|-
|-
| [[礪石]]<br /> || [[天]]<br />Celestial YIN force || [[芻蒿]]<br />Hay || [[天苑]]<br />Celestial meadows
| [[砺石 (星官)|礪石]]<br /> || [[天]]<br />Celestial YIN force || [[蒭藁]]<br />Hay || [[天苑]]<br />Celestial meadows
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 |[[毕宿]]<br />Net Mansion
| || || || || ||
| [[毕宿|畢]]<br />Net || [[附耳 (星官)|附耳]](附[[毕宿]])<br />Whisper || [[天街]]<br />Celestial street || [[天高]]<br />Celestial high terrace || [[诸王]]<br />Feudal kings
|-
|-
|| [[五车]]<br />Five chariots || [[柱]]<br />Pillars || [[咸池]]<br />Pool of harmony || [[天潢]]<br />Celestial pier || [[天關]]<br />Celestial gate
! rowspan=3 |[[畢宿]]<br />Net Mansion
| [[畢宿|畢]]<br />Net || [[附耳]](附[[畢宿]])<br />Whisper || [[天街]]<br />Celestial street || [[天高]]<br />Celestial high terrace || [[諸王]]<br />Feudal kings
|-
|-
|| [[五車]]<br />Five chariots || [[]]<br />Pillars || [[威池]]<br />Pool of harmony || [[天潢]]<br />Celestial pier || [[天]]<br />Celestial gate
| [[天节 (星官)|天節]]<br />Celestial tally || [[九州殊口]]<br />Interpreters of nine dialects || [[参旗]]<br />Banner of three stars || [[九斿]]<br />Imperial military flag || [[天园 (星官)|天園]]<br />Celestial orchard
|-
| [[天節]]<br />Celestial tally || [[九州殊口]]<br />Interpreters of nine dialects || [[參旗]]<br />Banner of three stars || [[九斿]]<br />Imperial military flag || [[天園]]<br />Celestial orchard
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=1 |[[觜宿]]<br />Turtle beak Mansion
! rowspan=1 |[[觜宿]]<br />Turtle beak Mansion
| [[觜宿|觜]]<br />Turtle beak || [[司怪]]<br />Deity in charge of monsters || [[座旗]]<br />Seat flags
| [[觜宿|觜]]<br />Turtle beak || [[司怪]]<br />Deity in charge of monsters || [[座旗]]<br />Seat flags
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[参宿]]<br />Three stars Mansion
| || || || || ||
| [[参宿|參]]<br />Three stars || [[伐 (星官)|伐]](附[[参宿]])<br />Punishment || [[玉井 (星官)|玉井]]<br />Jade well || [[军井]]<br />Military well || [[屏 (星官)|屏]]<br />Screen
|-
|-
| [[厕 (星官)|廁]]<br />Toilet || [[天鸽座μ|屎]]<br />Excrement
! rowspan=2 |[[參宿]]<br />Three stars Mansion
| [[參宿|參]]<br />Three stars || [[伐]](附[[參宿]])<br />Punishment || [[玉井]]<br />Jade well || [[軍井]]<br />Military well || [[屏]]<br />Screen
|-
| [[廁]]<br />Toilet || [[屎]]<br />Excrement
|}
|}


第386行: 第324行:
{{main|南方中西星名對照表}} {{see also|朱雀}}
{{main|南方中西星名對照表}} {{see also|朱雀}}


'''朱雀'''代表[[夏季]],有42星官,共238星,《[[史記]]˙天官書》稱為「南官」。《[[儀象考成]]》無「[[天廟]]」、「[[東甌]]」、「[[軍門]]」、「[[土司空]]」、「[[器府]]」5星官,共57星。
'''朱雀'''代表[[夏季]],有42星官,共238星,《[[史記]]·天官書》稱為「南官」。《[[儀象考成]]》無「[[天庙 (星官)|天廟]]」、「[[东瓯 (星官)|東甌]]」、「[[军门 (星官)|軍門]]」、「[[土司空]]」、「[[器府 (星官)|器府]]」5星官,共57星。


{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|+ 南方中西譯名對照表
|+ 南方中西譯名對照表
|-
|-
! colspan=6 |[[朱雀]]<br />Azure Dragon
! colspan=6 |[[朱雀]]<br />the Vermilion Bird
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=4 style="width:10%" |[[井宿]]<br />Well Mansion
! rowspan=4 style="width:10%" |[[井宿]]<br />Well Mansion
| style="width:18%" |[[井宿|井]]<br />Well || style="width:18%" |[[鉞]](附[[井宿]])<br />Battle axe || style="width:18%" |[[水府]]<br />Official for irrigation || style="width:18%" |[[天樽]]<br />Celestial wine cup || style="width:18%" |[[五侯]]<br />Five feudal kings
| style="width:18%" |[[井宿|井]]<br />Well || style="width:18%" |[[钺 (星官)|鉞]](附[[井宿]])<br />Battle axe || style="width:18%" |[[水府 (星官)|水府]]<br />Official for irrigation || style="width:18%" |[[天樽 (星官)|天樽]]<br />Celestial wine cup || style="width:18%" |[[五侯]]<br />Five feudal kings
|-
| [[北河]]<br />North river || [[積水]]<br />Accumulated water || [[積薪]]<br />Pile of firewood || [[水位]]<br />Water level || [[南河]]<br />South river
|-
|-
| [[四瀆]]<br />Four channels || [[闕丘]]<br />Palace gate || [[軍市]]<br />Market for the soldiers || [[野雞]]<br />Wild cockerel || [[天狼]]<br />Celestial wolf
| [[北河 (星官)|北河]]<br />North river || [[积水 (星官)|積水]]<br />Accumulated water || [[積薪]]<br />Pile of firewood || [[水位 (星官)|水位]]<br />Water level || [[南河 (星官)|南河]]<br />South river
|-
|-
| [[丈人]]<br />Grandfather || [[]]<br />Son || [[]]<br />Grandson || [[老人]]<br />Old man || [[弧矢]]<br />Bow and arrow
| [[四渎]]<br />Four channels || [[阙丘 (星官)|闕丘]]<br />Palace gate || [[军市]]<br />Market for the soldiers || [[野鸡 (星官)|野雞]]<br />Wild cockerel || [[天狼 (星官)|天狼]]<br />Celestial wolf
|-
|-
| [[丈人 (星官)|丈人]]<br />Grandfather || [[子 (星官)|子]]<br />Son || [[孙 (星官)|孫]]<br />Grandson || [[老人 (星官)|老人]]<br />Old man || [[弧矢]]<br />Bow and arrow
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |[[鬼宿]]<br />Ghosts Mansion
! rowspan=2 |[[鬼宿]]<br />Ghosts Mansion
| [[鬼宿|鬼]]<br />Ghosts || [[積尸]]<br />Cumulative corpses || [[爟]]<br />Beacon fire || [[外廚]]<br />Outer kitchen || [[天記]]<br />Judge to estimate the age of animals
| [[鬼宿|鬼]]<br />Ghosts || [[积尸 (星官)|積尸]]<br />Cumulative corpses || [[爟 (星官)|爟]]<br />Beacon fire || [[外厨 (星官)|外廚]]<br />Outer kitchen || [[天記]]<br />Judge to estimate the age of animals
|-
|-
| [[天狗]]<br />Celestial dog || [[天社]]<br />Celestial earth god' s temple
| [[天狗 (星官)|天狗]]<br />Celestial dog || [[天社]]<br />Celestial earth god' s temple
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=1 |[[柳宿]]<br />Willow Mansion
! rowspan=1 |[[柳宿]]<br />Willow Mansion
| [[柳宿|柳]]<br />Willow || [[酒旗]]<br />Banner of wine shop
| [[柳宿|柳]]<br />Willow || [[酒旗 (星官)|酒旗]]<br />Banner of wine shop
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |[[星宿]]<br />Star Mansion
! rowspan=2 |[[星宿]]<br />Star Mansion
| [[星宿|星]]<br />Star || [[天相]]<br />Celestial premier || [[天稷]]<br />Celestial cereals || [[軒轅]]<br />XUANYUAN || [[御女]](附[[軒轅]])<br />Maids-in-waiting
| [[星宿|星]]<br />Star || [[天相 (星官)|天相]]<br />Celestial premier || [[天稷 (星官)|天稷]]<br />Celestial cereals || [[轩辕 (星官)|軒轅]]<br />XUANYUAN || [[御女 (星宿)|御女]](附[[轩辕 (星官)|軒轅]])<br />Maids-in-waiting
|-
|-
| [[內平]]<br />High judge
| [[内平 (星官)|內平]]<br />High judge
|-
|-
! rowspan="1" |[[张宿]]<br />Extended net Mansion
| || || || || ||
| [[张宿|張]]<br />Extended net || [[天庙 (星官)|天廟]]<br />Celestial Temple
|-
! rowspan=1 |[[張宿]]<br />Extended net Mansion
| [[張宿|張]]<br />Extended net || [[天廟]]<br />Celestial Temple
|-
| || || || || ||
|-
|-
! rowspan=1 |[[翼宿]]<br />Wings Mansion
! rowspan=1 |[[翼宿]]<br />Wings Mansion
| [[翼宿|翼]]<br />Wings || [[東甌]]<br />DONGOU
| [[翼宿|翼]]<br />Wings || [[东瓯 (星官)|東甌]]<br />DONGOU
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[轸宿]]<br />Chariot Mansion
| || || || || ||
| [[轸宿|軫]]<br />Chariot || [[左轄]](附[[轸宿]])<br />Left linchpin || [[右辖]](附[[轸宿]])<br />Right linchpin || [[长沙 (恒星)|長沙]](附[[轸宿]])<br />CHANGSHA || [[青丘 (星官)|青丘]]<br />Green hill
|-
|-
| [[军门 (星官)|軍門]]<br />Military Gate || [[土司空]]<br />Master of Construction || [[器府 (星官)|器府]]<br />House for Musical Instruments
! rowspan=2 |[[軫宿]]<br />Chariot Mansion
| [[軫宿|軫]]<br />Chariot || [[左轄]](附[[軫宿]])<br />Left linchpin || [[右轄]](附[[軫宿]])<br />Right linchpin || [[長沙]](附[[軫宿]])<br />CHANGSHA || [[青丘]]<br />Green hill
|-
| [[軍門]]<br />Military Gate || [[土司空]]<br />Master of Construction || [[器府]]<br />House for Musical Instruments
|}
|}


==近南極==
==近南極==
{{main|南天中西星名對照表}}
{{see also|近南極星區}}


'''近南極'''有23星官,共130星。因為中國地處北方無法觀測,直至西學傳入才有星官的劃分,因此相較於已有久遠歷史的三垣二十八宿,幾乎沒有什麼爭議。
{{main|南天中西星名對照表}} {{see also|近南極星區}}

'''近南極'''有23星官,共130星。因為中國地處北方無法觀測,直至西學傳入才有劃分星官,因此相較於三垣二十八宿歷史久遠,幾乎沒有什麼爭議。


{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|+ 南天中西譯名對照表
|+ 南天中西譯名對照表
|-
|-
! colspan=5 |[[近南極星區|近南極]]<br />Southern Sky
! colspan=5 |[[近南極星區|近南極]]<br />the southern circumpolar region
|-
|-
| style="width:20%" |[[海山 (星官)|海山]]<br />Sea and mountain || style="width:20%" |[[十字架 (星官)|十字架]]<br />Cross || style="width:20%" |[[马尾 (星官)|馬尾]]<br />Horse's tail || style="width:20%" |[[马腹]]<br />Horse's abdomen || style="width:20%" |[[蜜蜂 (星官)|蜜蜂]]<br />Bee
| || || || ||
|-
|-
| style="width:20%" |[[海山]]<br />Sea and mountain || style="width:20%" |[[十字架]]<br />Cross || style="width:20%" |[[馬尾]]<br />Horse's tail || style="width:20%" |[[馬腹]]<br />Horse's abdomen || style="width:20%" |[[蜜蜂]]<br />Bee
| [[三角形 (星官)|三角形]]<br />Triangle || [[异雀]]<br />Exotic bird || [[孔雀 (星官)|孔雀]]<br />Peacock || [[波斯 (星官)|波斯]]<br />Persia || [[蛇尾 (星官)|蛇尾]]<br />Snake's tail
|-
|-
| [[三角形]]<br />Triangle || [[異雀]]<br />Exotic bird || [[孔雀]]<br />Peacock || [[波斯]]<br />Persia || [[蛇尾]]<br />Snake's tail
| [[蛇腹 (星官)|蛇腹]]<br />Snake's abdomen || [[蛇首 (星官)|蛇首]]<br />Snake's head || [[鸟喙 (星官)|鳥喙]]<br />Bird's beak || [[鹤 (星官)|鶴]]<br />Crane || [[火鸟 (星官)|火鳥]]<br />Firebird
|-
|-
| [[蛇腹]]<br />Snake's abdomen || [[蛇首]]<br />Snake's head || [[鳥喙]]<br />Bird's beak || [[]]<br />Crane || [[火鳥]]<br />Firebird
| [[水委]]<br />Crooked running water || [[附白]]<br />White patches nearby || [[夹白]]<br />White Patch Attached || [[金鱼 (星官)|金魚]]<br />Goldfish || [[海石 (星官)|海石]]<br />Sea rock
|-
|-
| [[水委]]<br />Crooked running water || [[附白]]<br />White patches nearby || [[夾白]]<br />White Patch Attached || [[金魚]]<br />Goldfish || [[海石]]<br />Sea rock
| [[飞鱼 (星官)|飛魚]]<br />Flying fish || [[南船 (星官)|南船]]<br />Southern boat || [[小斗 (星官)|小斗]]<br />Little dipper
|-
| [[飛魚]]<br />Flying fish || [[南船]]<br />Southern boat || [[小斗]]<br />Little dipper
|}
|}


==参考文献==
== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist|2}}


== 外部链接 ==
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/ 香港太空館] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/ |date=20120813070951 }}
** [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Space/zh_TW/web/spm/starshine/resources/constemyth/glossary.html 中國星區、星官及星名英譯表] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Space/zh_TW/web/spm/starshine/resources/constemyth/glossary.html |date=20201122150242 }}
** [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/archive/Research/Literature/c_research_literature.htm 天象文學] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/archive/Research/Literature/c_research_literature.htm |date=20201123123722 }}
* [http://www.nmns.edu.tw/ 台灣自然科學博物館][https://web.archive.org/web/20100629152022/http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/ 天文教育資訊網]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20090120043712/http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/aeea/contents_list/ancient_chinese_astronomy.html 中國古天文]
** {{Wayback|url=http://www.nmns.edu.tw/ |date=20120116230802 }}


==参见==
== 参见 ==
{{Portal|天文学}}
* [[中国天文学史]]


{{-}}
* [[中國天文學史]]
{{中国古代星官}}


[[Category:中西星名對照表| ]]
==外部链接==

* [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/ 香港太空館][http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/c_index.htm 研究資源]
** [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstarzone_b.htm 中國星區、星官及星名英譯表]
** [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/Literature/c_research_literature.htm 天象文學]
* [http://www.nmns.edu.tw/ 台灣自然科學博物館][http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/ 天文教育資訊網]
** [http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/AEEA/contents_list/ancient_chinese_astronomy.html 中國古天文]
** [http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/AEEA/contents_list/star_sign.html 中國古代的星象系統]

[[Category:中西星名對照表]]
[[Category:中國天文史]]
[[Category:中國天文史]]

[[en:Traditional Chinese star names]]
[[zh-yue:中國星名]]

2024年5月2日 (四) 17:05的最新版本

中西星名對照表

中西星名對照表將中國星名對應到現代星名,並列出所有星區、星官以及星名的中西譯名,分為32天區,有306星官,共1511星。由於星數眾多,按北天、南天、東方、北方、西方、南方共六個星區分別列表,又獨立出二十八宿部分以方便瀏覽。

專有名詞

[编辑]

在中國的星象劃分中「垣」、「象」、「宿」、「星官」是四個不同的單位,與現代88星座的劃分方法完全不一樣。

垣 enclosures
三垣」是最晚形成的星區概念,皆有東西兩藩的星,即圍繞宮室的牆垣,故又可稱為「宮」。
象 symbols
有形象、象徵之意,「四象」是最早形成的星區概念,後來演變成平面座標中的四個象限
宿 lunar mansions
又稱為「舍」,專指二十八個特定的星官或其所在的天區,即「二十八宿」,其重要性相當於西洋的「黃道十二宮」。
要特別注意的是,在英文中「lunar mansion」一定是指某特定星官所在的「星區」,而非單一的星官。
星官 constellations
與西洋「星座」的意義較為類似,都是星象劃分的最小單位,但中國的「星官」有時只有一顆星,而且對他們之間的邊界沒有作定義,兩者的概念不同。[3]
「星宿」一詞與「星官」同義[4],只有用在二十八宿時,才可以等同於「宿」,兩者意義有所不同,應避免混用。
「天官」有時指「星官」,但一般皆指《史記·天官書》中的「五官」,即「五宮」,應避免混用。

三垣

[编辑]

三垣天球北極附近的星象,分紫微垣太微垣天市垣三個天區,在《史記·天官書》中統稱為「中官」。

北天中西譯名對照表
三垣
the three enclosures
紫微垣
the Purple Forbidden Enclosure
太微垣
Supreme Palace Enclosure
天市垣
Heavenly Market Enclosure

紫微垣

[编辑]

紫微垣代表皇宮,有37星官,共163星,丹元子《步天歌》稱為「中元」。

紫微垣中西譯名對照表
紫微垣
the Purple Forbidden Enclosure
北極
Northern pole
太子(附北極
Crown prince
(附北極
Emperor
庶子(附北極
Son of Concubine
后宮(附北極
Imperial Concubine
天樞(附北極
Celestial pivot
四輔
Four Advisors
勾陳
Curved Array
天皇大帝
Great Emperor of Heaven
天柱
Celestial Pillar
御女
Maids-in-waiting
女史
Female protocol
柱史
Official of royal archives
尚書
Royal secretary
天床
Celestial bed
大理
Chief judge
陰德
Hidden virtue
六甲
Six Jia
五帝內座
Interior seats of five emperors
華蓋
Canopy of the emperor
(附華蓋
Canopy Support
紫微左垣
Left wall
左樞(附左垣
Left pivot
上宰(附左垣
First premier
少宰(附左垣
Second premier
上弼(附左垣
First minister
少弼(附左垣
Second minister
上衛(附左垣
First imperial guard
少衛(附左垣
Second imperial guard
少丞(附左垣
Second prime minister
紫微右垣
Right Wall
右樞(附右垣
Right pivot
少尉(附右垣
Second chief judge
上輔(附右垣
First minister
少輔(附右垣
Second minister
上衛(附右垣
First imperial guard
少衛(附右垣
Second imperial guard
上丞(附右垣
First prime minister
天乙
Celestial great one
太乙
First great one
內廚
Inner kitchen
北斗
Northern dipper
天樞(附北斗
Celestial pivot
天璇(附北斗
Celestial rotating jade
天璣(附北斗
Celestial shining pearl
天權(附北斗
Celestial balance
玉衡(附北斗
Jade sighting-tube
開陽(附北斗
Opener of heat
搖光(附北斗
Twinkling brilliance
(附北斗
Assistant
天槍
Celestial spear
玄戈
Sombre lance
三公
Three excellencies

Prime minister
天理
Judge for nobility
太陽守
Guard of the Sun
太尊
Royals
天牢
Celestial prison

Eunuch
文昌
Administrative centre
內階
Inner steps
三師
Three top instructors
八穀
Eight kinds of crops
傳舍
Guest house
天厨
Celestial kitchen
天棓
Celestial flail

太微垣

[编辑]

太微垣代表朝廷,有20星官,共78星,丹元子《步天歌》稱為「上元」。

太微垣中西譯名對照表
太微垣
the Supreme Forbidden Enclosure
五帝座
Seats of the five emperors
太子
Crown prince
從官
Retinue
幸臣
Officer of honour
五诸侯
Five feudal kings
九卿
Nine senior officers
三公
Three excellencies
內屏
Inner screen
太微左垣
Left wall
左执法(附左垣
Left law administrator
東上相(附左垣
First eastern minister
東次相(附左垣
Second eastern minister
東次將(附左垣
Second eastern general
东上将(附左垣
First eastern general
太微右垣
Right wall
右執法(附右垣
Right law administrator
西上將(附右垣
First western general
西次將(附右垣
Second western general
西次相(附右垣
Second western minister
西上相(附右垣
First western minister
郎將
Captain of the bodyguards
郎位
Official of imperial guard
常陈
Imperial guards
三台
Three steps
上台(附三台
Upper step
中台(附三台
Middle step
下台(附三台
Lower step
虎賁
Emperor's bodyguard
少微
Junior officers
長垣
Long wall
靈台
Astronomical observatory
明堂
Cosmological temple
謁者
Usher of the court

天市垣

[编辑]

天市垣代表諸侯,有19星官,共87星,丹元子《步天歌》稱為「下元」。

天市垣中西譯名對照表
天市垣
the Heavenly Forbidden Enclosure
帝座
Emperor's seat

Astrologer
宦者
Eunuch official

Dipper for liquids

Dipper for solids
列肆
Jewel market
車肆
Commodity market
市樓
Municipal office
宗正
Official for royal clan
宗人
Official of Religious Ceremonies

Patriarchal clan
帛度
Textile ruler
屠肆
Butcher's shops
天市左垣
Left wall
(附左垣
WEI
(附左垣
ZHAO
九河(附左垣
JIUHE
中山(附左垣
ZHONGSHAN
(附左垣
QI
吳越(附左垣
WUYUE
(附左垣
XU
東海(附左垣
DONGHAI
(附左垣
YAN
南海(附左垣
NANHAI
(附左垣
SONG
天市右垣
Right wall
河中(附右垣
HEZHONG
河間(附右垣
HEJIAN
(附右垣
JIN
(附右垣
ZHENG
(附右垣
ZHOU
(附右垣
QIN
(附右垣
SHU
(附右垣
BA
(附右垣
LIANG
(附右垣
CHU
(附右垣
HAN
天紀
Celestial Discipline
女床
Woman's bed
貫索
Coiled thong
七公
Seven excellencies

四象

[编辑]

四象象徵青龍玄武白虎朱雀四靈獸,分別代表四季、四方。

四方中西譯名對照表
四象
the four symbols
東方青龍
Azure Dragon of the East
北方玄武
Murky Warrior of the North
西方白虎
White Tiger of the West
南方朱雀
Vermilion Bird of the South

二十八宿

[编辑]

二十八宿包括四象中最重要的28星官,有167星。在中國星象發展的歷史最早,並且是逐步完備而成,但也因為年代久遠,對於他是如何選定、劃分,仍無一致共識。

二十八宿中西譯名對照表
二十八宿
the twenty-eight lunar mansions
東方七宿
Seven Mansions of the East

Horn

Neck

Root

Room

Heart

Tail

Winnowing-basket
北方七宿
the seven mansions of the north

Dipper

the Ox

the Girl

the Emptiness

the Rooftop

the Encampment

the Wall
西方七宿
the seven mansions of the west

the Legs

the Bond

the Stomach

the Hairy head

the Net

the Turtle beak

the Three (stars)
南方七宿
the seven mansions of the south

the Well

the Ghosts

the Willow

the Star

the Extended Net

the Wings

the Chariot

青龍

[编辑]

青龍代表春季,有46星官,共153星,《史記·天官書》稱為「東官」。

東方中西譯名對照表
青龍
the Azure Dragon
角宿
Horn Mansion

Horn
平道
Flat road
天田
Celestial farmland
周鼎
Tripod of the ZHOU
進賢
Recommending virtuous man
天門
Celestial gate

Judging
库楼
Arsenal

Pillars

Railings
南門
Southern gate
亢宿
Neck Mansion

Neck
大角
Great horn
左摄提
Left conductor
右摄提
Right conductor
折威
Executions
顿顽
Trials
陽門
Gate of YANG
氐宿
Root Mansion

Root
亢池
Boats and lake
帝席
Mattress of the emperor
梗河
Celestial lance
招摇
Twinkling indicator
天乳
Celestial milk
天辐
Celestial spokes
阵车
Battle chariots
車騎
Chariots and cavalry
騎陣將軍
Chariot and Cavalry general
騎官
Imperial guards
房宿
Room Mansion

Room
鉤鈐(附房宿
Lock
鍵閉
Door bolt

Punishment
東咸
Eastern door
西咸
Western door

Sun
從官
Retinue
心宿
Heart Mansion

Heart
積卒
Group of soldiers
尾宿
Tail Mansion

Tail
神宮(附尾宿
Changing room
天江
Celestial river
傅說
FUYUE

Fish

Tortoise
箕宿
Winnowing-basket Mansion

Winnowing-basket

Chaff

Pestle

玄武

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玄武代表冬季,有65星官,共371星,《史記·天官書》稱為「北官」。

北方中西譯名對照表
玄武
the Black Warrior
斗宿
Dipper Mansion

Dipper
天龠
Celestial keyhole
天弁
Market officer

Establishment
天鸡
Celestial cock

Dog
狗国
Territory of dogs
天淵
Celestial spring
農丈人
Peasant

River turtle
牛宿
Ox Mansion

Ox
天桴
Celestial drumstick
河鼓
Drum at the river
左旗
Left flag
右旗
Right flag
織女
Weaving girl
渐台
Clepsydra terrace
輦道
Imperial passageway
羅堰
Networks of dykes
天田
Celestial farmland
九坎
Nine water wells
女宿
Girl Mansion

Girl
離珠
Pearls on ladies' wear
敗瓜
Rotten melom
瓠瓜
Good malom
天津
Celestial ford
奚仲
XIZHONG
扶筐
Basket for mulberry leaves
十二國
Twelve countries
周(附十二國
ZHOU
秦(附十二國
QIN
代(附十二國
DAI
趙(附十二國
ZHAO
越(附十二國
YUE
齊(附十二國
QI
楚(附十二國
CHU
鄭(附十二國
ZHENG
魏(附十二國
WEI
韓(附十二國
HAN
晉(附十二國
JIN
燕(附十二國
YAN
虛宿
Emptiness Mansion

Emptiness
司命
Deified judge of life
司祿
Deified judge of rank
司危
Deified judge of disaster and good fortune
司非
Deified judge of right and wrong

Crying

Weeping
璃瑜
Jade ornament on ladies' wear
天垒城
Celestial ramparts
敗臼
Decayed Mortar
危宿
Rooftop Mansion

Rooftop
墳墓(附危宿
Tomb
蓋屋
Roofing
虛梁
Temple
天錢
Celestial money

Humans

Pestle

Mortar
车府
Big yard for chariots
造父
ZAOFU
天钩
Celestial hook
室宿
Encampment Mansion

Encampment
離宮(附室宿
Resting palace
螣蛇
Flying serpent
雷電
Thunder and lightning
土公吏
Official for materials supply
垒壁阵
The line of ramparts
羽林軍
Palace guard
天綱
Materials for Making Tents
北落师门
North gate of the military camp
鈇鉞
Axe
八魁
Net for catching birds
壁宿
Wall Mansion

Wall
天廄
Celestial stable
土公
Official for earthworks and buildings
霹靂
Thunderbolt
雲雨
Cloud and rain
鈇鑕
Sickle

白虎

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白虎代表秋季,有54星官,共291星,《史記·天官書》稱為「西官」。

西方中西譯名對照表
白虎
the White Tiger
奎宿
Legs Mansion

Legs
王良
WANGLIANG

Whip
附路
Auxiliary road
軍南門
Southern military gate
閣道
Flying corridor
外屏
Outer fence
天溷
Celestial pigsty
土司空
Master of constructions
娄宿
Bond Mansion

Bond
天大将军
Great general of the heaven
左更
Official in charge of forest
右更
Official in charge of pasturing
天仓
Square celestial granary
天庾
Ricks of grain
胃宿
Stomach Mansion

Stomach
大陵
Mausoleum
積尸
Heaps of corpses
天船
Celestial boat
積水
Stored water
天廪
Celestial foodstuffs
天囷
Circular celestial granary
昴宿
Hairy head Mansion

Hairy head
天阿
Celestial river

Moon
卷舌
Rolled tongue
天讒
Celestial slander
礪石
天阴
Celestial YIN force
蒭藁
Hay
天苑
Celestial meadows
毕宿
Net Mansion

Net
附耳(附毕宿
Whisper
天街
Celestial street
天高
Celestial high terrace
诸王
Feudal kings
五车
Five chariots

Pillars
咸池
Pool of harmony
天潢
Celestial pier
天關
Celestial gate
天節
Celestial tally
九州殊口
Interpreters of nine dialects
参旗
Banner of three stars
九斿
Imperial military flag
天園
Celestial orchard
觜宿
Turtle beak Mansion

Turtle beak
司怪
Deity in charge of monsters
座旗
Seat flags
参宿
Three stars Mansion

Three stars
(附参宿
Punishment
玉井
Jade well
军井
Military well

Screen

Toilet

Excrement

朱雀

[编辑]

朱雀代表夏季,有42星官,共238星,《史記·天官書》稱為「南官」。《儀象考成》無「天廟」、「東甌」、「軍門」、「土司空」、「器府」5星官,共57星。

南方中西譯名對照表
朱雀
the Vermilion Bird
井宿
Well Mansion

Well
(附井宿
Battle axe
水府
Official for irrigation
天樽
Celestial wine cup
五诸侯
Five feudal kings
北河
North river
積水
Accumulated water
積薪
Pile of firewood
水位
Water level
南河
South river
四渎
Four channels
闕丘
Palace gate
军市
Market for the soldiers
野雞
Wild cockerel
天狼
Celestial wolf
丈人
Grandfather

Son

Grandson
老人
Old man
弧矢
Bow and arrow
鬼宿
Ghosts Mansion

Ghosts
積尸
Cumulative corpses

Beacon fire
外廚
Outer kitchen
天記
Judge to estimate the age of animals
天狗
Celestial dog
天社
Celestial earth god' s temple
柳宿
Willow Mansion

Willow
酒旗
Banner of wine shop
星宿
Star Mansion

Star
天相
Celestial premier
天稷
Celestial cereals
軒轅
XUANYUAN
御女(附軒轅
Maids-in-waiting
內平
High judge
张宿
Extended net Mansion

Extended net
天廟
Celestial Temple
翼宿
Wings Mansion

Wings
東甌
DONGOU
轸宿
Chariot Mansion

Chariot
左轄(附轸宿
Left linchpin
右辖(附轸宿
Right linchpin
長沙(附轸宿
CHANGSHA
青丘
Green hill
軍門
Military Gate
土司空
Master of Construction
器府
House for Musical Instruments

近南極

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近南極有23星官,共130星。因為中國地處北方無法觀測,直至西學傳入才有星官的劃分,因此相較於已有久遠歷史的三垣二十八宿,幾乎沒有什麼爭議。

南天中西譯名對照表
近南極
the southern circumpolar region
海山
Sea and mountain
十字架
Cross
馬尾
Horse's tail
马腹
Horse's abdomen
蜜蜂
Bee
三角形
Triangle
异雀
Exotic bird
孔雀
Peacock
波斯
Persia
蛇尾
Snake's tail
蛇腹
Snake's abdomen
蛇首
Snake's head
鳥喙
Bird's beak

Crane
火鳥
Firebird
水委
Crooked running water
附白
White patches nearby
夹白
White Patch Attached
金魚
Goldfish
海石
Sea rock
飛魚
Flying fish
南船
Southern boat
小斗
Little dipper

参考文献

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  1. ^ 丹元子《步天歌》所載星數為1464星,短少部份皆為四象所缺,三垣星官的星數皆與《儀象考成》相同。
  2. ^ 三垣二十八宿283星官中,在朱雀有5星官是《儀象考成》未載,故共1381星其中有57星為丹元子《步天歌》所載。
  3. ^ 陳輝樺(國立自然科學博物館). 中國古代的星象系統. AEEA 天文教育資訊網: 參、中國古代的「 恆星的中文名字 」是怎樣制定的?. [2007年9月26日]. (原始内容 (HTML)存档于2007年6月7日) (中文(臺灣)). 
  4. ^ 楊金鼎. 天文曆法-星官(星宿,星座). 中國文化史大詞典. 遠流辭書 1989年11月16日台灣初版一刷. 台灣: 遠流. 1989年11月16日: 第254頁. ISBN 957-32-0225-5 (中文(臺灣)). 

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