中西星名對照表:修订间差异
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{{中西星名对照表}} |
{{中西星名对照表}} |
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'''中西星名對照表'''將中國星名對應到現代星名,並列出所有星區、[[星官]]以及星名的中西譯名,分為32天區,有306星官,共1511星。由於星數眾多,按北天、南天、東方、北方、西方、南方共六個星區分別列表,又獨立出[[二十八宿]]部分以方便瀏覽。 |
'''中西星名對照表'''將中國星名對應到現代星名,並列出所有星區、[[星官]]以及星名的中西譯名,分為32天區,有306星官,共1511星。由於星數眾多,按北天、南天、東方、北方、西方、南方共六個星區分別列表,又獨立出[[二十八宿]]部分以方便瀏覽。 |
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* [[三垣]][[二十八宿]]([[四象]])的[[星官]]名以丹元子《[[步天歌]]》為準,有283星官<ref>丹元子《[[步天歌]]》所載星數為1464星,短少部份皆為[[四象]]所缺,[[三垣]]各[[星官]]的星數皆與《[[儀象考成]]》相同。</ref>;星數以《[[儀象考成]]》為準,共1381星<ref>[[三垣]][[二十八宿]]283星官中,在[[朱雀]]有5星官是《[[儀象考成]]》未載,故共1381星其中有57星為丹元子《[[步天歌]]》所載。</ref>。[[近南極星區|近南極]]以《[[儀象考成續編]]》為準,有23[[星官]],共130星。 |
* [[三垣]][[二十八宿]]([[四象]])的[[星官]]名以丹元子《[[步天歌]]》為準,有283星官<ref>丹元子《[[步天歌]]》所載星數為1464星,短少部份皆為[[四象]]所缺,[[三垣]]各[[星官]]的星數皆與《[[儀象考成]]》相同。</ref>;星數以《[[儀象考成]]》為準,共1381星<ref>[[三垣]][[二十八宿]]283星官中,在[[朱雀]]有5星官是《[[儀象考成]]》未載,故共1381星其中有57星為丹元子《[[步天歌]]》所載。</ref>。[[近南極星區|近南極]]以《[[儀象考成續編]]》為準,有23[[星官]],共130星。 |
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* [[中國天文學史]]專有名詞英譯全部以[[香港太空館]][http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/ |
* [[中國天文學史]]專有名詞英譯全部以[[香港太空館]][http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/zh_TW/web/spm/starshine/resources/constemyth/glossary.html 中國星區、星官及星名英譯表] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/zh_TW/web/spm/starshine/resources/constemyth/glossary.html |date=20201122150242 }}為準。 |
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** 若[[星官]]名稱為國名、地名或人名,皆採用[[漢語拼音]]翻譯,並用大寫表示以資識別。 |
** 若[[星官]]名稱為國名、地名或人名,皆採用[[漢語拼音]]翻譯,並用大寫表示以資識別。 |
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** [[星官]]命名年代久遠,隨著歷史的發展,在生活習慣、用語、信仰及政府結構上亦起了變化,學術界對不少名稱背後的意義仍未有一致看法,以下只是可能的翻譯之一。 |
** [[星官]]命名年代久遠,隨著歷史的發展,在生活習慣、用語、信仰及政府結構上亦起了變化,學術界對不少名稱背後的意義仍未有一致看法,以下只是可能的翻譯之一。 |
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==專有名詞== |
== 專有名詞 == |
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在中國的星象劃分中「垣」、「象」、「宿」、「星官」是四個不同的單位,與現代88星座的劃分方法完全不一樣。 |
在中國的星象劃分中「垣」、「象」、「宿」、「星官」是四個不同的單位,與現代88星座的劃分方法完全不一樣。 |
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; 垣 |
; 垣 enclosures |
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: 「[[三垣]]」是最晚形成的星區概念,皆有東西兩藩的星,即圍繞宮室的牆垣,故又可稱為「宮」。 |
: 「[[三垣]]」是最晚形成的星區概念,皆有東西兩藩的星,即圍繞宮室的牆垣,故又可稱為「宮」。 |
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; 象 |
; 象 symbols |
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: 有形象、象徵之意,「[[四象]]」是最早形成的星區概念,後來演變成平面座標中的四個[[象限]]。 |
: 有形象、象徵之意,「[[四象]]」是最早形成的星區概念,後來演變成平面座標中的四個[[象限]]。 |
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; 宿 |
; 宿 lunar mansions |
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: 又稱為「舍」,專指二十八個特定的星官或其所在的天區,即「[[二十八宿]]」,其重要性相當於西洋的「[[黃道十二宮]]」。 |
: 又稱為「舍」,專指二十八個特定的星官或其所在的天區,即「[[二十八宿]]」,其重要性相當於西洋的「[[黃道十二宮]]」。 |
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: 要特別注意的是,在英文中「 |
: 要特別注意的是,在英文中「lunar mansion」一定是指某特定星官所在的「星區」,而非單一的星官。 |
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; 星官 |
; 星官 constellations |
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: 與西洋「[[星座]]」的意義較為類似,都是星象劃分的最小單位,但中國的「星官」有時只有一顆星,而且對他們之間的邊界沒有作定義,兩者的概念不同。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/AEEA/contents_list/star_sign.html |title=中國古代的星象系統 |accessdate=2007年9月26日 |author=陳輝樺(國立自然科學博物館) |authorlink=國立自然科學博物館 |
: 與西洋「[[星座]]」的意義較為類似,都是星象劃分的最小單位,但中國的「星官」有時只有一顆星,而且對他們之間的邊界沒有作定義,兩者的概念不同。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/AEEA/contents_list/star_sign.html |title=中國古代的星象系統 |accessdate=2007年9月26日 |author=陳輝樺(國立自然科學博物館) |authorlink=國立自然科學博物館 |format=HTML |publisher=AEEA 天文教育資訊網 |pages=參、中國古代的「 恆星的中文名字 」是怎樣制定的? |language=zh-tw |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607111743/http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/AEEA/contents_list/star_sign.html |archivedate=2007年6月7日 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |
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: 「星宿」一詞與「星官」同義<ref>{{cite book |author=楊金鼎 |title=中國文化史大詞典 |edition=1989年11月16日台灣初版一刷 |series=遠流辭書 |date=1989年11月16日 |publisher=遠流 |location=台灣 |language=zh-tw |isbn=957-32-0225-5 |pages=第254頁 |chapter=天文曆法-星官(星宿,星座) }}</ref>,只有用在[[二十八宿]]時,才可以等同於「宿」,兩者意義有所不同,應避免混用。 |
: 「星宿」一詞與「星官」同義<ref>{{cite book |author=楊金鼎 |title=中國文化史大詞典 |edition=1989年11月16日台灣初版一刷 |series=遠流辭書 |date=1989年11月16日 |publisher=遠流 |location=台灣 |language=zh-tw |isbn=957-32-0225-5 |pages=第254頁 |chapter=天文曆法-星官(星宿,星座) }}</ref>,只有用在[[二十八宿]]時,才可以等同於「宿」,兩者意義有所不同,應避免混用。 |
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: 「天官」有時指「星官」,但一般皆指《[[史記]] |
: 「天官」有時指「星官」,但一般皆指《[[史記]]·天官書》中的「五官」,即「五宮」,應避免混用。 |
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==三垣== |
== 三垣 == |
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{{Main|北天中西星名對照表}} |
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{{See also|三垣}} |
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'''三垣'''是[[天球]][[北極 (天文)|北極]]附近的星象,分[[紫微垣]]、[[太微垣]]和[[天市垣]]三個天區,在《[[史記]]·天官書》中統稱為「中官」。 |
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{{main|北天中西星名對照表}} {{see also|三垣}} |
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{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align: center; width: 100%" |
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'''三垣'''是[[天球]][[北極 (天文)|北極]]附近的星象,分[[紫微垣]]、[[太微垣]]和[[天市垣]]三個天區,在《[[史記]]˙天官書》中統稱為「中官」。 |
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{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |
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|+ 北天中西譯名對照表 |
|+ 北天中西譯名對照表 |
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! colspan=3 |[[三垣]]<br /> |
! colspan=3 |[[三垣]]<br />the three enclosures |
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| style="width:33.33%" |[[紫微垣]]<br />Purple Forbidden Enclosure || style="width:33.33%" |[[太微垣]]<br />Supreme Palace Enclosure || style="width:33.33%" |[[天市垣]]<br />Heavenly Market Enclosure |
| style="width:33.33%" |[[紫微垣]]<br />the Purple Forbidden Enclosure || style="width:33.33%" |[[太微垣]]<br />Supreme Palace Enclosure || style="width:33.33%" |[[天市垣]]<br />Heavenly Market Enclosure |
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|+ 紫微垣中西譯名對照表 |
|+ 紫微垣中西譯名對照表 |
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! colspan=5 |[[紫微垣]]<br />Purple Forbidden Enclosure |
! colspan=5 |[[紫微垣]]<br />the Purple Forbidden Enclosure |
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| style="width:20%" |[[北極 (星官)|北極]]<br />Northern pole || style="width:20%" |[[北極一|太子]](附[[北極]])<br />Crown prince || style="width:20%" |[[北極二|帝]](附[[北極]])<br />Emperor || style="width:20%" |[[庶子]](附[[北極]])<br />Son of Concubine || style="width:20%" |[[後宮|-{后}-宮]](附[[北極]])<br />Imperial Concubine |
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| style="width:20%" |[[北極]]<br />Northern pole || style="width:20%" |[[太子]](附[[北極]])<br />Crown prince || style="width:20%" |[[帝]](附[[北極]])<br />Emperor || style="width:20%" |[[庶子]](附[[北極]])<br />Son of Concubine || style="width:20%" |[[後宮]](附[[北極]])<br />Imperial Concubine |
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| [[天樞]](附[[北極]])<br />Celestial pivot || [[四輔]]<br />Four Advisors || [[勾陳]]<br />Curved Array || [[天皇大帝]]<br />Great Emperor of Heaven || [[天柱]]<br />Celestial Pillar |
| [[天樞]](附[[北極]])<br />Celestial pivot || [[四輔]]<br />Four Advisors || [[勾陳]]<br />Curved Array || [[天皇大帝]]<br />Great Emperor of Heaven || [[天柱]]<br />Celestial Pillar |
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| [[御女]]<br />Maids-in-waiting || [[女史]]<br />Female protocol || [[柱史]]<br />Official of royal archives || [[尚書]]<br />Royal secretary || [[天床]]<br />Celestial bed |
| [[御女 (紫微垣)|御女]]<br />Maids-in-waiting || [[女史 (星官)|女史]]<br />Female protocol || [[柱史]]<br />Official of royal archives || [[尚書 (星官)|尚書]]<br />Royal secretary || [[天床]]<br />Celestial bed |
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| [[大理]]<br />Chief judge || [[陰德]]<br />Hidden virtue || [[六甲]]<br />Six Jia || [[五帝內座]]<br />Interior seats of five emperors || [[華蓋]]<br />Canopy of the emperor |
| [[大理 (星官)|大理]]<br />Chief judge || [[陰德]]<br />Hidden virtue || [[六甲 (星官)|六甲]]<br />Six Jia || [[五帝內座]]<br />Interior seats of five emperors || [[華蓋 (星官)|華蓋]]<br />Canopy of the emperor |
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| [[杠]](附[[華蓋]])<br />Canopy Support || [[紫微左垣]]<br />Left wall || [[左樞]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Left pivot || [[上宰]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />First premier || [[少宰]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second premier |
| [[杠|-{杠}-]](附[[華蓋 (星官)|華蓋]])<br />Canopy Support || [[紫微左垣]]<br />Left wall || [[左樞]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Left pivot || [[上宰]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />First premier || [[少宰]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second premier |
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| [[上弼]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />First minister || [[少弼]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second minister || [[上衛]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />First imperial guard || [[少衛]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second imperial guard || [[少丞]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second prime minister |
| [[上弼]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />First minister || [[少弼]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second minister || [[上衛_(左垣)|上衛]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />First imperial guard || [[少衛_(左垣)|少衛]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second imperial guard || [[少丞]](附[[紫微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second prime minister |
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| [[紫微右垣]]<br />Right Wall || [[右樞]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Right pivot || [[少尉]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second chief judge || [[上輔]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />First minister || [[少輔]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second minister |
| [[紫微右垣]]<br />Right Wall || [[右樞]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Right pivot || [[少尉]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second chief judge || [[上輔]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />First minister || [[少輔]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second minister |
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| [[上衛]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />First imperial guard || [[少衛]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second imperial guard || [[上丞]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />First prime minister || [[天乙]]<br />Celestial great one || [[太乙]]<br /> |
| [[上衛_(右垣)|上衛]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />First imperial guard || [[少衛_(右垣)|少衛]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second imperial guard || [[上丞]](附[[紫微右垣|右垣]])<br />First prime minister || [[天乙]]<br />Celestial great one || [[太乙 (星官)|太乙]]<br />First great one |
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| [[內廚]]<br />Inner kitchen || [[北斗]]<br />Northern dipper || [[天樞]](附[[北斗]])<br />Celestial pivot || [[天璇]](附[[北斗]])<br />Celestial rotating jade || [[天璣]](附[[北斗]])<br />Celestial shining pearl |
| [[內廚]]<br />Inner kitchen || [[北斗七星|北斗]]<br />Northern dipper || [[天樞]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Celestial pivot || [[天璇]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Celestial rotating jade || [[天璣]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Celestial shining pearl |
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| [[天權]](附[[北斗]])<br />Celestial balance || [[玉衡]](附[[北斗]])<br />Jade sighting-tube || [[開陽]](附[[北斗]])<br />Opener of heat || [[搖光]](附[[北斗]])<br />Twinkling brilliance || [[輔]](附[[北斗]])<br />Assistant |
| [[天權]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Celestial balance || [[玉衡 (恒星)|玉衡]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Jade sighting-tube || [[開陽 (恆星)|開陽]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Opener of heat || [[搖光]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Twinkling brilliance || [[輔 (星官)|輔]](附[[北斗七星|北斗]])<br />Assistant |
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| [[天槍]]<br />Celestial spear || [[玄戈]]<br />Sombre lance || [[三公]]<br />Three excellencies || |
| [[天枪 (星官)|天槍]]<br />Celestial spear || [[玄戈 (星官)|玄戈]]<br />Sombre lance || [[三公 (紫微垣)|三公]]<br />Three excellencies || 相<br />Prime minister || [[天理]]<br />Judge for nobility |
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| [[太陽守]]<br />Guard of the Sun || [[太尊]]<br />Royals || [[天牢]]<br />Celestial prison || [[勢]]<br />Eunuch || [[文昌]]<br />Administrative centre |
| [[太陽守]]<br />Guard of the Sun || [[太尊]]<br />Royals || [[天牢]]<br />Celestial prison || [[勢 (星官)|勢]]<br />Eunuch || [[文昌 (星官)|文昌]]<br />Administrative centre |
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| [[內階]]<br />Inner steps || [[三師]]<br />Three top instructors || [[八穀]]<br />Eight kinds of crops || [[傳舍]]<br />Guest house || [[天 |
| [[內階]]<br />Inner steps || [[三師]]<br />Three top instructors || [[八穀]]<br />Eight kinds of crops || [[傳舍]]<br />Guest house || [[天厨]]<br />Celestial kitchen |
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| [[天棓]]<br />Celestial flail |
| [[天棓]]<br />Celestial flail |
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===太微垣=== |
=== 太微垣 === |
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{{See also|太微垣}} |
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{{see also|太微垣}} |
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'''太微垣'''代表[[朝廷]],有20星官,共78星,丹元子《[[步天歌]]》稱為「上元」。 |
'''太微垣'''代表[[朝廷]],有20星官,共78星,丹元子《[[步天歌]]》稱為「上元」。 |
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{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align: center; width: 100%" |
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|+ 太微垣中西譯名對照表 |
|+ 太微垣中西譯名對照表 |
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! colspan=5 |[[太微垣]]<br />Supreme Forbidden Enclosure |
! colspan=5 |[[太微垣]]<br />the Supreme Forbidden Enclosure |
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| style="width:20%" |[[五帝座]]<br />Seats of the five emperors || style="width:20%" |[[太子]]<br />Crown prince || style="width:20%" |[[從官]]<br />Retinue || style="width:20%" |[[幸臣]]<br />Officer of honour || style="width:20%" |[[五 |
| style="width:20%" |[[五帝座]]<br />Seats of the five emperors || style="width:20%" |[[太子 (星官)|太子]]<br />Crown prince || style="width:20%" |[[从官 (太微垣)|從官]]<br />Retinue || style="width:20%" |[[幸臣 (星官)|幸臣]]<br />Officer of honour || style="width:20%" |[[五诸侯]]<br />Five feudal kings |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[九卿]]<br />Nine senior officers || [[三公]]<br />Three excellencies || [[內屏]]<br />Inner screen || [[太微左垣]]<br />Left wall || [[左 |
| [[九卿]]<br />Nine senior officers || [[三公 (太微垣)|三公]]<br />Three excellencies || [[內屏]]<br />Inner screen || [[太微左垣]]<br />Left wall || [[左执法]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />Left law administrator |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[東上相]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />First eastern minister || [[東次相]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second eastern minister || [[東次將]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second eastern general || [[ |
| [[東上相]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />First eastern minister || [[東次相]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second eastern minister || [[東次將]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />Second eastern general || [[东上将]](附[[太微左垣|左垣]])<br />First eastern general || [[太微右垣]]<br />Right wall |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[右執法]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />Right law administrator || [[西上將]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />First western general || [[西次將]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second western general || [[西次相]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second western minister || [[西上相]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />First western minister |
| [[右執法]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />Right law administrator || [[西上將]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />First western general || [[西次將]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second western general || [[西次相]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />Second western minister || [[西上相]](附[[太微右垣|右垣]])<br />First western minister |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[郎將]]<br />Captain of the bodyguards || [[郎位]]<br />Official of imperial guard || [[常 |
| [[郎將 (星官)|郎將]]<br />Captain of the bodyguards || [[郎位 (星官)|郎位]]<br />Official of imperial guard || [[常陈]]<br />Imperial guards || [[三台]]<br />Three steps || [[上台]](附[[三台]])<br />Upper step |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[中台]](附[[三台]])<br />Middle step || [[下台]](附[[三台]])<br />Lower step || [[虎賁]]<br />Emperor's bodyguard || [[少微]]<br />Junior officers || [[長垣]]<br />Long wall |
| [[中台]](附[[三台]])<br />Middle step || [[下台]](附[[三台]])<br />Lower step || [[虎賁]]<br />Emperor's bodyguard || [[少微]]<br />Junior officers || [[长垣 (星官)|長垣]]<br />Long wall |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[靈台]]<br />Astronomical observatory || [[明堂]]<br />Cosmological temple || [[謁者]]<br />Usher of the court |
| [[灵台 (星官)|靈台]]<br />Astronomical observatory || [[明堂 (星官)|明堂]]<br />Cosmological temple || [[謁者 (星官)|謁者]]<br />Usher of the court |
||
|} |
|} |
||
===天市垣=== |
===天市垣=== |
||
{{See also|天市垣}} |
|||
{{see also|天市垣}} |
|||
'''天市垣'''代表[[諸侯]],有19星官,共87星,丹元子《[[步天歌]]》稱為「下元」。 |
'''天市垣'''代表[[諸侯]],有19星官,共87星,丹元子《[[步天歌]]》稱為「下元」。 |
||
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align: center; width: 100%" |
||
|+ 天市垣中西譯名對照表 |
|+ 天市垣中西譯名對照表 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=5 |[[天市垣]]<br />Heavenly Forbidden Enclosure |
! colspan=5 |[[天市垣]]<br />the Heavenly Forbidden Enclosure |
||
|- |
|||
| || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="width:19%" |[[帝座]]<br />Emperor's seat || style="width:19%" |[[候]]<br />Astrologer || style="width:19%" |[[宦者]]<br />Eunuch official || style="width:19%" |[[斗]]<br />Dipper for liquids || style="width:24%" |[[斛]]<br />Dipper for solids |
| style="width:19%" |[[帝座]]<br />Emperor's seat || style="width:19%" |[[候 (星官)|候]]<br />Astrologer || style="width:19%" |[[宦者]]<br />Eunuch official || style="width:19%" |[[斗 (星官)|斗]]<br />Dipper for liquids || style="width:24%" |[[斛 (星官)|斛]]<br />Dipper for solids |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[列肆]]<br />Jewel market || [[車肆]]<br />Commodity market || [[市樓]]<br />Municipal office || [[宗正]]<br />Official for royal clan || [[宗人]]<br />Official of Religious Ceremonies |
| [[列肆]]<br />Jewel market || [[車肆]]<br />Commodity market || [[市樓]]<br />Municipal office || [[宗正]]<br />Official for royal clan || [[宗人]]<br />Official of Religious Ceremonies |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[宗]]<br />Patriarchal clan || [[帛度]]<br />Textile ruler || [[屠肆]]<br />Butcher's shops || [[天市左垣]]<br />Left wall || [[魏]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />WEI |
| [[宗 (星官)|宗]]<br />Patriarchal clan || [[帛度]]<br />Textile ruler || [[屠肆]]<br />Butcher's shops || [[天市左垣]]<br />Left wall || [[魏 (恆星)|魏]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />WEI |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[趙]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />ZHAO || [[九河]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />JIUHE || [[中山]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />ZHONGSHAN || [[齊]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />QI || [[吳越]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />WUYUE |
| [[天市左垣二|趙]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />ZHAO || [[天市左垣三|九河]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />JIUHE || [[中山國|中山]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />ZHONGSHAN || [[齊 (恆星)|齊]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />QI || [[天市左垣六|吳越]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />WUYUE |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[徐]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />XU || [[東海]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />DONGHAI || [[燕]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />YAN || [[南海]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />NANHAI || [[宋]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />SONG |
| [[徐]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />XU || [[東海]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />DONGHAI || [[燕 (恆星)|燕]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />YAN || [[天市左垣十|南海]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />NANHAI || [[天市左垣十一|宋]](附[[天市左垣|左垣]])<br />SONG |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[天市右垣]]<br />Right wall || [[河中]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />HEZHONG || [[河間]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />HEJIAN || [[晉]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />JIN || [[鄭]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />ZHENG |
| [[天市右垣]]<br />Right wall || [[天市右垣一|河中]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />HEZHONG || [[天市右垣二|河間]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />HEJIAN || [[天市右垣三|晉]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />JIN || [[鄭 (恆星)|鄭]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />ZHENG |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[周]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />ZHOU || [[秦]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />QIN || [[蜀]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />SHU || [[巴]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />BA || [[梁]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />LIANG |
| [[天市右垣五|周]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />ZHOU || [[天市右垣六|秦]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />QIN || [[天市右垣七|蜀]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />SHU || [[巴]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />BA || [[天市右垣九|梁]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />LIANG |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[楚]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />CHU || [[韓]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />HAN || [[天紀]]<br />Celestial Discipline || [[女床]]<br />Woman's bed || [[貫索]]<br />Coiled thong |
| [[楚 (恆星)|楚]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />CHU || [[韓 (恆星)|韓]](附[[天市右垣|右垣]])<br />HAN || [[天紀]]<br />Celestial Discipline || [[女床]]<br />Woman's bed || [[貫索]]<br />Coiled thong |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[七公]]<br />Seven excellencies |
| [[七公]]<br />Seven excellencies |
||
第150行: | 第140行: | ||
|+ 四方中西譯名對照表 |
|+ 四方中西譯名對照表 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=4 |[[四象]]<br /> |
! colspan=4 |[[四象]]<br />the four symbols |
||
|- |
|||
| || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="width:25%" |[[青龍|東方青龍]]<br />Azure Dragon of the East || style="width:25%" |[[玄武|北方玄武]]<br />Murky Warrior of the North || style="width:25%" |[[白虎|西方白虎]]<br />White Tiger of the West || style="width:25%" |[[朱雀|南方朱雀]]<br />Vermilion Bird of the South |
| style="width:25%" |[[青龍|東方青龍]]<br />Azure Dragon of the East || style="width:25%" |[[玄武|北方玄武]]<br />Murky Warrior of the North || style="width:25%" |[[白虎|西方白虎]]<br />White Tiger of the West || style="width:25%" |[[朱雀|南方朱雀]]<br />Vermilion Bird of the South |
||
|} |
|} |
||
===二十八宿=== |
=== 二十八宿 === |
||
{{Main|二十八宿中西星名对照表}} |
|||
{{ |
{{See also|二十八宿}} |
||
'''二十八宿'''包括[[四象]]中最重要的28星官,有167星。在中國星象發展的歷史最早,並且是逐步完備而成,但也因為年代久遠,對於他是如何選定、劃分,仍無一致共識。 |
'''二十八宿'''包括[[四象]]中最重要的28星官,有167星。在中國星象發展的歷史最早,並且是逐步完備而成,但也因為年代久遠,對於他是如何選定、劃分,仍無一致共識。 |
||
第166行: | 第154行: | ||
|+ 二十八宿中西譯名對照表 |
|+ 二十八宿中西譯名對照表 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=8 |[[二十八宿]]<br /> |
! colspan=8 |[[二十八宿]]<br />the twenty-eight lunar mansions |
||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="width:25%" |[[青龍|東方七宿]]<br />Seven Mansions of the East |
! style="width:25%" |[[青龍|東方七宿]]<br />Seven Mansions of the East |
||
| style="width:10%" |[[角宿|角]]<br />Horn || style="width:10%" |[[亢宿|亢]]<br />Neck || style="width:10%" |[[氐宿|氐]]<br />Root || style="width:10%" |[[房宿|房]]<br />Room || style="width:10%" |[[心宿|心]]<br />Heart || style="width:10%" |[[尾宿|尾]]<br />Tail || style="width:15%" |[[箕宿|箕]]<br />Winnowing-basket |
| style="width:10%" |[[角宿|角]]<br />Horn || style="width:10%" |[[亢宿|亢]]<br />Neck || style="width:10%" |[[氐宿|氐]]<br />Root || style="width:10%" |[[房宿|房]]<br />Room || style="width:10%" |[[心宿|心]]<br />Heart || style="width:10%" |[[尾宿|尾]]<br />Tail || style="width:15%" |[[箕宿|箕]]<br />Winnowing-basket |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[玄武|北方七宿]]<br />the seven mansions of the north |
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| || || || || || |
|||
| [[斗宿|斗]]<br />Dipper || [[牛宿|牛]]<br />the Ox || [[女宿|女]]<br />the Girl || [[虛宿|虛]]<br />the Emptiness || [[危宿|危]]<br />the Rooftop || [[室宿|室]]<br />the Encampment || [[壁宿|壁]]<br />the Wall |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[ |
! [[白虎|西方七宿]]<br />the seven mansions of the west |
||
| [[ |
| [[奎宿|奎]]<br />the Legs || [[婁宿|婁]]<br />the Bond || [[胃宿|胃]]<br />the Stomach || [[昴宿|昴]]<br />the Hairy head || [[畢宿|畢]]<br />the Net || [[觜宿|觜]]<br />the Turtle beak || [[參宿|參]]<br />the Three (stars) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[朱雀|南方七宿]]<br />the seven mansions of the south |
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| || || || || || |
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| [[井宿|井]]<br />the Well || [[鬼宿|鬼]]<br />the Ghosts || [[柳]]<br />the Willow || [[星宿|星]]<br />the Star || [[張宿|張]]<br />the Extended Net || [[翼宿|翼]]<br />the Wings || [[軫宿|軫]]<br />the Chariot |
|||
|- |
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! [[白虎|西方七宿]]<br />Seven Mansions of the West |
|||
| [[奎宿|奎]]<br />Legs || [[婁宿|婁]]<br />Bond || [[胃宿|胃]]<br />Stomach || [[昴宿|昴]]<br />Hairy head || [[畢宿|畢]]<br />Net || [[觜宿|觜]]<br />Turtle beak || [[參宿|參]]<br />Three stars |
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|- |
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| || || || || || |
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|- |
|||
! [[朱雀|南方七宿]]<br />Seven Mansions of the South |
|||
| [[井宿|井]]<br />Well || [[鬼宿|鬼]]<br />Ghosts || [[柳|柳]]<br />Willow || [[星宿|星]]<br />Star || [[張宿|張]]<br />Extended net || [[翼宿|翼]]<br />Wings || [[軫宿|軫]]<br />Chariot |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
===青龍=== |
=== 青龍 === |
||
{{Main|東方中西星名對照表}} |
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{{See also|青龍}} |
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'''青龍'''代表[[春季]],有46星官,共153星,《[[史記]]·天官書》稱為「東官」。 |
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{{main|東方中西星名對照表}} {{see also|青龍}} |
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'''青龍'''代表[[春季]],有46星官,共153星,《[[史記]]˙天官書》稱為「東官」。 |
|||
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |
||
|+ 東方中西譯名對照表 |
|+ 東方中西譯名對照表 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=6 |[[青龍]]<br />Azure Dragon |
! colspan=6 |[[青龍]]<br />the Azure Dragon |
||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
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! rowspan=3 style="width:10%" |[[角宿]]<br />Horn Mansion |
! rowspan=3 style="width:10%" |[[角宿]]<br />Horn Mansion |
||
| style="width:18%" |[[角宿|角]]<br />Horn || style="width:18%" |[[平道]]<br />Flat road || style="width:18%" |[[天田]]<br />Celestial farmland || style="width:18%" |[[周鼎]]<br />Tripod of the ZHOU || style="width:18%" |[[進賢]]<br />Recommending virtuous man |
| style="width:18%" |[[角宿|角]]<br />Horn || style="width:18%" |[[平道]]<br />Flat road || style="width:18%" |[[天田 (星官)|天田]]<br />Celestial farmland || style="width:18%" |[[周鼎 (星官)|周鼎]]<br />Tripod of the ZHOU || style="width:18%" |[[进贤 (恒星)|進賢]]<br />Recommending virtuous man |
||
|- |
|||
| [[天門]]<br />Celestial gate || [[平]]<br />Judging || [[庫樓]]<br />Arsenal || [[柱]]<br />Pillars || [[衡]]<br />Railings |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[天门 (星官)|天門]]<br />Celestial gate || [[平 (星官)|平]]<br />Judging || [[库楼]]<br />Arsenal || [[柱 (星官)|柱]]<br />Pillars || [[衡 (星官)|衡]]<br />Railings |
|||
| [[南門]]<br />Southern gate |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[南门 (星官)|南門]]<br />Southern gate |
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| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
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! rowspan=2 |[[亢宿]]<br />Neck Mansion |
! rowspan=2 |[[亢宿]]<br />Neck Mansion |
||
| [[亢宿|亢]]<br />Neck || [[大角]]<br />Great horn || [[左 |
| [[亢宿|亢]]<br />Neck || [[大角]]<br />Great horn || [[左摄提]]<br />Left conductor || [[右摄提]]<br />Right conductor || [[折威]]<br />Executions |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[顿顽]]<br />Trials || [[阳门 (星官)|陽門]]<br />Gate of YANG |
||
|- |
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| || || || || || |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan=3 |[[氐宿]]<br />Root Mansion |
! rowspan=3 |[[氐宿]]<br />Root Mansion |
||
| [[氐宿|氐]]<br />Root || [[亢池]]<br />Boats and lake || [[帝席]]<br />Mattress of the emperor || [[梗河]]<br />Celestial lance || [[招 |
| [[氐宿|氐]]<br />Root || [[亢池 (星官)|亢池]]<br />Boats and lake || [[帝席]]<br />Mattress of the emperor || [[梗河]]<br />Celestial lance || [[招摇]]<br />Twinkling indicator |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[天乳]]<br />Celestial milk || [[天 |
| [[天乳]]<br />Celestial milk || [[天辐]]<br />Celestial spokes || [[阵车]]<br />Battle chariots || [[车骑 (星官)|車騎]]<br />Chariots and cavalry || [[騎陣將軍]]<br />Chariot and Cavalry general |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[騎官]]<br />Imperial guards |
| [[骑官 (星官)|騎官]]<br />Imperial guards |
||
|- |
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| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
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! rowspan=2 |[[房宿]]<br />Room Mansion |
! rowspan=2 |[[房宿]]<br />Room Mansion |
||
| [[房宿|房]]<br />Room || [[鉤鈐]](附[[房宿]])<br />Lock || [[鍵閉]]<br />Door bolt || [[罰]]<br />Punishment || [[東咸]]<br />Eastern door |
| [[房宿|房]]<br />Room || [[钩钤一和钩钤二|鉤鈐]](附[[房宿]])<br />Lock || [[鍵閉]]<br />Door bolt || [[罚 (星官)|罰]]<br />Punishment || [[东咸 (星官)|東咸]]<br />Eastern door |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[西咸]]<br />Western door || [[日]]<br />Sun || [[從官]]<br />Retinue |
| [[西咸]]<br />Western door || [[日 (星官)|日]]<br />Sun || [[从官 (房宿)|從官]]<br />Retinue |
||
|- |
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| || || || || || |
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|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=1 |[[心宿]]<br />Heart Mansion |
! rowspan=1 |[[心宿]]<br />Heart Mansion |
||
| [[心宿|心]]<br />Heart || [[積卒]]<br />Group of soldiers |
| [[心宿|心]]<br />Heart || [[积卒 (星官)|積卒]]<br />Group of soldiers |
||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=2 |[[尾宿]]<br />Tail Mansion |
! rowspan=2 |[[尾宿]]<br />Tail Mansion |
||
| [[尾宿|尾]]<br />Tail || [[神宮]](附[[尾宿]])<br />Changing room || [[天江]]<br />Celestial river || [[傅說]]<br />FUYUE || [[魚]]<br />Fish |
| [[尾宿|尾]]<br />Tail || [[NGC 6231|神宮]](附[[尾宿]])<br />Changing room || [[天江]]<br />Celestial river || [[傅說 (恆星)|傅說]]<br />FUYUE || [[托勒密星團|魚]]<br />Fish |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[龜]]<br />Tortoise |
| [[龟 (星官)|龜]]<br />Tortoise |
||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=1 |[[箕宿]]<br />Winnowing-basket Mansion |
! rowspan=1 |[[箕宿]]<br />Winnowing-basket Mansion |
||
| [[箕宿|箕]]<br />Winnowing-basket || [[糠]]<br />Chaff || [[杵]]<br />Pestle |
| [[箕宿|箕]]<br />Winnowing-basket || [[糠 (星官)|糠]]<br />Chaff || [[杵 (箕宿)|杵]]<br />Pestle |
||
|} |
|} |
||
===玄武=== |
===玄武=== |
||
{{main|北方中西星名對照表}} |
|||
{{see also|玄武}} |
|||
'''玄武'''代表[[冬季]],有65星官,共371星,《[[史記]]·天官書》稱為「北官」。 |
|||
{{main|北方中西星名對照表}} {{see also|玄武}} |
|||
'''玄武'''代表[[冬季]],有65星官,共371星,《[[史記]]˙天官書》稱為「北官」。 |
|||
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |
||
|+ 北方中西譯名對照表 |
|+ 北方中西譯名對照表 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=6 |[[玄武]]<br /> |
! colspan=6 |[[玄武]]<br />the Black Warrior |
||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=2 style="width:10%" |[[斗宿]]<br />Dipper Mansion |
! rowspan=2 style="width:10%" |[[斗宿]]<br />Dipper Mansion |
||
| style="width:18%" |[[斗宿|斗]]<br />Dipper || style="width:18%" |[[天龠]]<br />Celestial keyhole || style="width:18%" |[[天弁]]<br />Market officer || style="width:18%" |[[建]]<br />Establishment || style="width:18%" |[[天 |
| style="width:18%" |[[斗宿|斗]]<br />Dipper || style="width:18%" |[[天龠 (星官)|天龠]]<br />Celestial keyhole || style="width:18%" |[[天弁]]<br />Market officer || style="width:18%" |[[建 (星官)|建]]<br />Establishment || style="width:18%" |[[天鸡]]<br />Celestial cock |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[狗]]<br />Dog || [[狗 |
| [[狗 (星官)|狗]]<br />Dog || [[狗国]]<br />Territory of dogs || [[天渊 (星官)|天淵]]<br />Celestial spring || [[農丈人]]<br />Peasant || [[鳖 (星官)|鱉]]<br />River turtle |
||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=3 |[[牛宿]]<br />Ox Mansion |
! rowspan=3 |[[牛宿]]<br />Ox Mansion |
||
| [[牛宿|牛]]<br />Ox || [[天桴]]<br />Celestial drumstick || [[河鼓]]<br />Drum at the river || [[左旗]]<br />Left flag || [[右旗]]<br />Right flag |
| [[牛宿|牛]]<br />Ox || [[天桴 (星官)|天桴]]<br />Celestial drumstick || [[河鼓]]<br />Drum at the river || [[左旗 (星官)|左旗]]<br />Left flag || [[右旗 (星官)|右旗]]<br />Right flag |
||
|- |
|||
| [[織女]]<br />Weaving girl || [[漸臺]]<br />Clepsydra terrace || [[輦道]]<br />Imperial passageway || [[羅堰]]<br />Networks of dykes || [[天田]]<br />Celestial farmland |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[织女 (星官)|織女]]<br />Weaving girl || [[渐台]]<br />Clepsydra terrace || [[辇道 (星官)|輦道]]<br />Imperial passageway || [[罗堰 (星官)|羅堰]]<br />Networks of dykes || [[天田 (星官)|天田]]<br />Celestial farmland |
|||
| [[九坎]]<br />Nine water wells |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[九坎 (星官)|九坎]]<br />Nine water wells |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=4 |[[女宿]]<br />Girl Mansion |
! rowspan=4 |[[女宿]]<br />Girl Mansion |
||
| [[女|女]]<br />Girl || [[離珠]]<br />Pearls on ladies' wear || [[敗瓜]]<br />Rotten |
| [[女 (星官)|女]]<br />Girl || [[离珠 (星官)|離珠]]<br />Pearls on ladies' wear || [[败瓜 (星官)|敗瓜]]<br />Rotten melom || [[瓠瓜 (星官)|瓠瓜]]<br />Good malom || [[天津 (星官)|天津]]<br />Celestial ford |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[奚仲]]<br />XIZHONG || [[扶筐]]<br />Basket for mulberry leaves || [[十二國]]<br />Twelve countries || |
| [[奚仲 (星官)|奚仲]]<br />XIZHONG || [[扶筐 (星官)|扶筐]]<br />Basket for mulberry leaves || [[十二国 (星官)|十二國]]<br />Twelve countries || 周(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />ZHOU || 秦(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />QIN |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| 代(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />DAI || 趙(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />ZHAO || 越(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />YUE || 齊(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />QI || 楚(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />CHU |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| 鄭(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />ZHENG || 魏(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />WEI || 韓(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />HAN || 晉(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />JIN || 燕(附[[十二国 (星官)|十二國]])<br />YAN |
||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=2 |[[虛宿]]<br />Emptiness Mansion |
! rowspan=2 |[[虛宿]]<br />Emptiness Mansion |
||
| [[虛宿|虛]]<br />Emptiness || [[司命]]<br />Deified judge of life || [[司祿]]<br />Deified judge of rank || [[司危]]<br />Deified judge of disaster and good fortune || [[司非]]<br />Deified judge of right and wrong |
| [[虛宿|虛]]<br />Emptiness || [[司命 (星官)|司命]]<br />Deified judge of life || [[司禄 (星官)|司祿]]<br />Deified judge of rank || [[司危 (星官)|司危]]<br />Deified judge of disaster and good fortune || [[司非 (星官)|司非]]<br />Deified judge of right and wrong |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[哭]]<br />Crying || [[泣]]<br />Weeping || [[璃瑜]]<br />Jade ornament on ladies' wear || [[天 |
| [[哭 (星官)|哭]]<br />Crying || [[泣 (星官)|泣]]<br />Weeping || [[璃瑜 (星官)|璃瑜]]<br />Jade ornament on ladies' wear || [[天垒城]]<br />Celestial ramparts || [[败臼 (星官)|敗臼]]<br />Decayed Mortar |
||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=3 |[[危宿]]<br />Rooftop Mansion |
! rowspan=3 |[[危宿]]<br />Rooftop Mansion |
||
| [[危宿|危]]<br />Rooftop || [[墳墓]](附[[危宿]])<br />Tomb || [[蓋屋]]<br />Roofing || [[虛梁]]<br />Temple || [[天錢]]<br />Celestial money |
| [[危宿|危]]<br />Rooftop || [[坟墓 (星官)|墳墓]](附[[危宿]])<br />Tomb || [[盖屋 (星官)|蓋屋]]<br />Roofing || [[虚梁 (星官)|虛梁]]<br />Temple || [[天钱 (星官)|天錢]]<br />Celestial money |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[人]]<br />Humans || [[杵]]<br />Pestle || [[臼]]<br />Mortar || [[ |
| [[人]]<br />Humans || [[杵 (危宿)|杵]]<br />Pestle || [[臼]]<br />Mortar || [[车府]]<br />Big yard for chariots || [[造父 (星官)|造父]]<br />ZAOFU |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[天 |
| [[天钩]]<br />Celestial hook |
||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=3 |[[室宿]]<br />Encampment Mansion |
! rowspan=3 |[[室宿]]<br />Encampment Mansion |
||
| [[室宿|室]]<br />Encampment || [[離宮]](附[[室宿]])<br />Resting palace || [[螣蛇]]<br />Flying serpent || [[雷電]]<br />Thunder and lightning || [[土公吏]]<br />Official for materials supply |
| [[室宿|室]]<br />Encampment || [[離宮]](附[[室宿]])<br />Resting palace || [[螣蛇]]<br />Flying serpent || [[雷电 (星官)|雷電]]<br />Thunder and lightning || [[土公吏 (星官)|土公吏]]<br />Official for materials supply |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[垒壁阵]]<br />The line of ramparts || [[羽林军 (星官)|羽林軍]]<br />Palace guard || [[南鱼座δ|天綱]]<br />Materials for Making Tents || [[北落师门]]<br />North gate of the military camp || [[鈇鉞 (星官)|鈇鉞]]<br />Axe |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[八魁]]<br />Net for catching birds |
| [[八魁 (星官)|八魁]]<br />Net for catching birds |
||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=2 |[[壁宿]]<br />Wall Mansion |
! rowspan=2 |[[壁宿]]<br />Wall Mansion |
||
| [[壁宿|壁]]<br />Wall || [[天廄]]<br />Celestial stable || [[土公]]<br />Official for earthworks and buildings || [[霹靂]]<br />Thunderbolt || [[雲雨]]<br />Cloud and rain |
| [[壁宿|壁]]<br />Wall || [[天厩 (星官)|天廄]]<br />Celestial stable || [[土公]]<br />Official for earthworks and buildings || [[霹雳 (星官)|霹靂]]<br />Thunderbolt || [[云雨 (星官)|雲雨]]<br />Cloud and rain |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[鈇鑕]]<br />Sickle |
| [[鈇鑕 (星官)|鈇鑕]]<br />Sickle |
||
|} |
|} |
||
===白虎=== |
===白虎=== |
||
{{main|西方中西星名對照表}} |
|||
{{see also|白虎}} |
|||
'''白虎'''代表[[秋季]],有54星官,共291星,《[[史記]]·天官書》稱為「西官」。 |
|||
{{main|西方中西星名對照表}} {{see also|白虎}} |
|||
'''白虎'''代表[[秋季]],有54星官,共291星,《[[史記]]˙天官書》稱為「西官」。 |
|||
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |
||
|+ 西方中西譯名對照表 |
|+ 西方中西譯名對照表 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=6 |[[白虎]]<br /> |
! colspan=6 |[[白虎]]<br />the White Tiger |
||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=2 style="width:10%" |[[奎宿]]<br />Legs Mansion |
! rowspan=2 style="width:10%" |[[奎宿]]<br />Legs Mansion |
||
| style="width:18%" |[[奎宿|奎]]<br />Legs || style="width:18%" |[[王良]]<br />WANGLIANG || style="width:18%" |[[策]]<br />Whip || style="width:18%" |[[附路]]<br />Auxiliary road || style="width:18%" |[[軍南門]]<br />Southern military gate |
| style="width:18%" |[[奎宿|奎]]<br />Legs || style="width:18%" |[[王良 (星官)|王良]]<br />WANGLIANG || style="width:18%" |[[策]]<br />Whip || style="width:18%" |[[附路]]<br />Auxiliary road || style="width:18%" |[[軍南門]]<br />Southern military gate |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[閣道]]<br />Flying corridor || [[外屏]]<br />Outer fence || [[天溷]]<br />Celestial pigsty || [[土司空]]<br />Master of constructions |
| [[閣道]]<br />Flying corridor || [[外屏 (星官)|外屏]]<br />Outer fence || [[天溷 (星官)|天溷]]<br />Celestial pigsty || [[土司空]]<br />Master of constructions |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=2 |[[娄宿]]<br />Bond Mansion |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
| [[娄宿|婁]]<br />Bond || [[天大将军]]<br />Great general of the heaven || [[左更]]<br />Official in charge of forest || [[右更]]<br />Official in charge of pasturing || [[天仓]]<br />Square celestial granary |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[天庾 (星官)|天庾]]<br />Ricks of grain |
|||
! rowspan=2 |[[婁宿]]<br />Bond Mansion |
|||
| [[婁宿|婁]]<br />Bond || [[天大將軍]]<br />Great general of the heaven || [[左更]]<br />Official in charge of forest || [[右更]]<br />Official in charge of pasturing || [[天倉]]<br />Square celestial granary |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[天庾]]<br />Ricks of grain |
|||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=2 |[[胃宿]]<br />Stomach Mansion |
! rowspan=2 |[[胃宿]]<br />Stomach Mansion |
||
| [[胃宿|胃]]<br />Stomach || [[大陵]]<br />Mausoleum || [[積尸]]<br />Heaps of corpses || [[天船]]<br />Celestial boat || [[積水]]<br />Stored water |
| [[胃宿|胃]]<br />Stomach || [[大陵]]<br />Mausoleum || [[积尸 (星官)|積尸]]<br />Heaps of corpses || [[天船]]<br />Celestial boat || [[積水 (胃宿)|積水]]<br />Stored water |
||
|- |
|||
| [[天廩]]<br />Celestial foodstuffs || [[天囷]]<br />Circular celestial granary |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[天廪]]<br />Celestial foodstuffs || [[天囷]]<br />Circular celestial granary |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=2 |[[昴宿]]<br />Hairy head Mansion |
! rowspan=2 |[[昴宿]]<br />Hairy head Mansion |
||
| [[昴宿|昴]]<br />Hairy head || [[天阿]]<br />Celestial river || [[月]]<br />Moon || [[卷舌]]<br />Rolled tongue || [[天讒]]<br />Celestial slander |
| [[昴宿|昴]]<br />Hairy head || [[天阿]]<br />Celestial river || [[月 (星官)|月]]<br />Moon || [[卷舌]]<br />Rolled tongue || [[天讒]]<br />Celestial slander |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[礪石]]<br /> || [[天 |
| [[砺石 (星官)|礪石]]<br /> || [[天阴]]<br />Celestial YIN force || [[蒭藁]]<br />Hay || [[天苑]]<br />Celestial meadows |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=3 |[[毕宿]]<br />Net Mansion |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
| [[毕宿|畢]]<br />Net || [[附耳 (星官)|附耳]](附[[毕宿]])<br />Whisper || [[天街]]<br />Celestial street || [[天高]]<br />Celestial high terrace || [[诸王]]<br />Feudal kings |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|| [[五车]]<br />Five chariots || [[柱]]<br />Pillars || [[咸池]]<br />Pool of harmony || [[天潢]]<br />Celestial pier || [[天關]]<br />Celestial gate |
|||
! rowspan=3 |[[畢宿]]<br />Net Mansion |
|||
| [[畢宿|畢]]<br />Net || [[附耳]](附[[畢宿]])<br />Whisper || [[天街]]<br />Celestial street || [[天高]]<br />Celestial high terrace || [[諸王]]<br />Feudal kings |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[天节 (星官)|天節]]<br />Celestial tally || [[九州殊口]]<br />Interpreters of nine dialects || [[参旗]]<br />Banner of three stars || [[九斿]]<br />Imperial military flag || [[天园 (星官)|天園]]<br />Celestial orchard |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[天節]]<br />Celestial tally || [[九州殊口]]<br />Interpreters of nine dialects || [[參旗]]<br />Banner of three stars || [[九斿]]<br />Imperial military flag || [[天園]]<br />Celestial orchard |
|||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=1 |[[觜宿]]<br />Turtle beak Mansion |
! rowspan=1 |[[觜宿]]<br />Turtle beak Mansion |
||
| [[觜宿|觜]]<br />Turtle beak || [[司怪]]<br />Deity in charge of monsters || [[座旗]]<br />Seat flags |
| [[觜宿|觜]]<br />Turtle beak || [[司怪]]<br />Deity in charge of monsters || [[座旗]]<br />Seat flags |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" |[[参宿]]<br />Three stars Mansion |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
| [[参宿|參]]<br />Three stars || [[伐 (星官)|伐]](附[[参宿]])<br />Punishment || [[玉井 (星官)|玉井]]<br />Jade well || [[军井]]<br />Military well || [[屏 (星官)|屏]]<br />Screen |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[厕 (星官)|廁]]<br />Toilet || [[天鸽座μ|屎]]<br />Excrement |
|||
! rowspan=2 |[[參宿]]<br />Three stars Mansion |
|||
| [[參宿|參]]<br />Three stars || [[伐]](附[[參宿]])<br />Punishment || [[玉井]]<br />Jade well || [[軍井]]<br />Military well || [[屏]]<br />Screen |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[廁]]<br />Toilet || [[屎]]<br />Excrement |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
第386行: | 第324行: | ||
{{main|南方中西星名對照表}} {{see also|朱雀}} |
{{main|南方中西星名對照表}} {{see also|朱雀}} |
||
'''朱雀'''代表[[夏季]],有42星官,共238星,《[[史記]] |
'''朱雀'''代表[[夏季]],有42星官,共238星,《[[史記]]·天官書》稱為「南官」。《[[儀象考成]]》無「[[天庙 (星官)|天廟]]」、「[[东瓯 (星官)|東甌]]」、「[[军门 (星官)|軍門]]」、「[[土司空]]」、「[[器府 (星官)|器府]]」5星官,共57星。 |
||
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |
||
|+ 南方中西譯名對照表 |
|+ 南方中西譯名對照表 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=6 |[[朱雀]]<br /> |
! colspan=6 |[[朱雀]]<br />the Vermilion Bird |
||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=4 style="width:10%" |[[井宿]]<br />Well Mansion |
! rowspan=4 style="width:10%" |[[井宿]]<br />Well Mansion |
||
| style="width:18%" |[[井宿|井]]<br />Well || style="width:18%" |[[鉞]](附[[井宿]])<br />Battle axe || style="width:18%" |[[水府]]<br />Official for irrigation || style="width:18%" |[[天樽]]<br />Celestial wine cup || style="width:18%" |[[五 |
| style="width:18%" |[[井宿|井]]<br />Well || style="width:18%" |[[钺 (星官)|鉞]](附[[井宿]])<br />Battle axe || style="width:18%" |[[水府 (星官)|水府]]<br />Official for irrigation || style="width:18%" |[[天樽 (星官)|天樽]]<br />Celestial wine cup || style="width:18%" |[[五诸侯]]<br />Five feudal kings |
||
|- |
|||
| [[北河]]<br />North river || [[積水]]<br />Accumulated water || [[積薪]]<br />Pile of firewood || [[水位]]<br />Water level || [[南河]]<br />South river |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[北河 (星官)|北河]]<br />North river || [[积水 (星官)|積水]]<br />Accumulated water || [[積薪]]<br />Pile of firewood || [[水位 (星官)|水位]]<br />Water level || [[南河 (星官)|南河]]<br />South river |
||
|- |
|- |
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| [[ |
| [[四渎]]<br />Four channels || [[阙丘 (星官)|闕丘]]<br />Palace gate || [[军市]]<br />Market for the soldiers || [[野鸡 (星官)|野雞]]<br />Wild cockerel || [[天狼 (星官)|天狼]]<br />Celestial wolf |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[丈人 (星官)|丈人]]<br />Grandfather || [[子 (星官)|子]]<br />Son || [[孙 (星官)|孫]]<br />Grandson || [[老人 (星官)|老人]]<br />Old man || [[弧矢]]<br />Bow and arrow |
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| || || || || || |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan=2 |[[鬼宿]]<br />Ghosts Mansion |
! rowspan=2 |[[鬼宿]]<br />Ghosts Mansion |
||
| [[鬼宿|鬼]]<br />Ghosts || [[積尸]]<br />Cumulative corpses || [[爟]]<br />Beacon fire || [[外廚]]<br />Outer kitchen || [[天記]]<br />Judge to estimate the age of animals |
| [[鬼宿|鬼]]<br />Ghosts || [[积尸 (星官)|積尸]]<br />Cumulative corpses || [[爟 (星官)|爟]]<br />Beacon fire || [[外厨 (星官)|外廚]]<br />Outer kitchen || [[天記]]<br />Judge to estimate the age of animals |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[天狗]]<br />Celestial dog || [[天社]]<br />Celestial earth god' s temple |
| [[天狗 (星官)|天狗]]<br />Celestial dog || [[天社]]<br />Celestial earth god' s temple |
||
|- |
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| || || || || || |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan=1 |[[柳宿]]<br />Willow Mansion |
! rowspan=1 |[[柳宿]]<br />Willow Mansion |
||
| [[柳宿|柳]]<br />Willow || [[酒旗]]<br />Banner of wine shop |
| [[柳宿|柳]]<br />Willow || [[酒旗 (星官)|酒旗]]<br />Banner of wine shop |
||
|- |
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| || || || || || |
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|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=2 |[[星宿]]<br />Star Mansion |
! rowspan=2 |[[星宿]]<br />Star Mansion |
||
| [[星宿|星]]<br />Star || [[天相]]<br />Celestial premier || [[天稷]]<br />Celestial cereals || [[軒轅]]<br />XUANYUAN || [[御女]](附[[軒轅]])<br />Maids-in-waiting |
| [[星宿|星]]<br />Star || [[天相 (星官)|天相]]<br />Celestial premier || [[天稷 (星官)|天稷]]<br />Celestial cereals || [[轩辕 (星官)|軒轅]]<br />XUANYUAN || [[御女 (星宿)|御女]](附[[轩辕 (星官)|軒轅]])<br />Maids-in-waiting |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[內平]]<br />High judge |
| [[内平 (星官)|內平]]<br />High judge |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="1" |[[张宿]]<br />Extended net Mansion |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
| [[张宿|張]]<br />Extended net || [[天庙 (星官)|天廟]]<br />Celestial Temple |
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|- |
|||
! rowspan=1 |[[張宿]]<br />Extended net Mansion |
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| [[張宿|張]]<br />Extended net || [[天廟]]<br />Celestial Temple |
|||
|- |
|||
| || || || || || |
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|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=1 |[[翼宿]]<br />Wings Mansion |
! rowspan=1 |[[翼宿]]<br />Wings Mansion |
||
| [[翼宿|翼]]<br />Wings || [[東甌]]<br />DONGOU |
| [[翼宿|翼]]<br />Wings || [[东瓯 (星官)|東甌]]<br />DONGOU |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan="2" |[[轸宿]]<br />Chariot Mansion |
|||
| || || || || || |
|||
| [[轸宿|軫]]<br />Chariot || [[左轄]](附[[轸宿]])<br />Left linchpin || [[右辖]](附[[轸宿]])<br />Right linchpin || [[长沙 (恒星)|長沙]](附[[轸宿]])<br />CHANGSHA || [[青丘 (星官)|青丘]]<br />Green hill |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[军门 (星官)|軍門]]<br />Military Gate || [[土司空]]<br />Master of Construction || [[器府 (星官)|器府]]<br />House for Musical Instruments |
|||
! rowspan=2 |[[軫宿]]<br />Chariot Mansion |
|||
| [[軫宿|軫]]<br />Chariot || [[左轄]](附[[軫宿]])<br />Left linchpin || [[右轄]](附[[軫宿]])<br />Right linchpin || [[長沙]](附[[軫宿]])<br />CHANGSHA || [[青丘]]<br />Green hill |
|||
|- |
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| [[軍門]]<br />Military Gate || [[土司空]]<br />Master of Construction || [[器府]]<br />House for Musical Instruments |
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|} |
|} |
||
==近南極== |
==近南極== |
||
{{main|南天中西星名對照表}} |
|||
{{see also|近南極星區}} |
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'''近南極'''有23星官,共130星。因為中國地處北方無法觀測,直至西學傳入才有星官的劃分,因此相較於已有久遠歷史的三垣二十八宿,幾乎沒有什麼爭議。 |
|||
{{main|南天中西星名對照表}} {{see also|近南極星區}} |
|||
'''近南極'''有23星官,共130星。因為中國地處北方無法觀測,直至西學傳入才有劃分星官,因此相較於三垣二十八宿歷史久遠,幾乎沒有什麼爭議。 |
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{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center; width:100%" |
||
|+ 南天中西譯名對照表 |
|+ 南天中西譯名對照表 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=5 |[[近南極星區|近南極]]<br /> |
! colspan=5 |[[近南極星區|近南極]]<br />the southern circumpolar region |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="width:20%" |[[海山 (星官)|海山]]<br />Sea and mountain || style="width:20%" |[[十字架 (星官)|十字架]]<br />Cross || style="width:20%" |[[马尾 (星官)|馬尾]]<br />Horse's tail || style="width:20%" |[[马腹]]<br />Horse's abdomen || style="width:20%" |[[蜜蜂 (星官)|蜜蜂]]<br />Bee |
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| || || || || |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| [[三角形 (星官)|三角形]]<br />Triangle || [[异雀]]<br />Exotic bird || [[孔雀 (星官)|孔雀]]<br />Peacock || [[波斯 (星官)|波斯]]<br />Persia || [[蛇尾 (星官)|蛇尾]]<br />Snake's tail |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[蛇腹 (星官)|蛇腹]]<br />Snake's abdomen || [[蛇首 (星官)|蛇首]]<br />Snake's head || [[鸟喙 (星官)|鳥喙]]<br />Bird's beak || [[鹤 (星官)|鶴]]<br />Crane || [[火鸟 (星官)|火鳥]]<br />Firebird |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[水委]]<br />Crooked running water || [[附白]]<br />White patches nearby || [[夹白]]<br />White Patch Attached || [[金鱼 (星官)|金魚]]<br />Goldfish || [[海石 (星官)|海石]]<br />Sea rock |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[ |
| [[飞鱼 (星官)|飛魚]]<br />Flying fish || [[南船 (星官)|南船]]<br />Southern boat || [[小斗 (星官)|小斗]]<br />Little dipper |
||
|- |
|||
| [[飛魚]]<br />Flying fish || [[南船]]<br />Southern boat || [[小斗]]<br />Little dipper |
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|} |
|} |
||
==参考文献== |
== 参考文献 == |
||
{{Reflist|2}} |
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== 外部链接 == |
|||
{{reflist}} |
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* [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/ 香港太空館] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/ |date=20120813070951 }} |
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** [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Space/zh_TW/web/spm/starshine/resources/constemyth/glossary.html 中國星區、星官及星名英譯表] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/ce/Museum/Space/zh_TW/web/spm/starshine/resources/constemyth/glossary.html |date=20201122150242 }} |
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** [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/archive/Research/Literature/c_research_literature.htm 天象文學] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/archive/Research/Literature/c_research_literature.htm |date=20201123123722 }} |
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* [http://www.nmns.edu.tw/ 台灣自然科學博物館][https://web.archive.org/web/20100629152022/http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/ 天文教育資訊網] |
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** [https://web.archive.org/web/20090120043712/http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/aeea/contents_list/ancient_chinese_astronomy.html 中國古天文] |
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** {{Wayback|url=http://www.nmns.edu.tw/ |date=20120116230802 }} |
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==参见== |
== 参见 == |
||
{{Portal|天文学}} |
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* [[中国天文学史]] |
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{{-}} |
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* [[中國天文學史]] |
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{{中国古代星官}} |
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[[Category:中西星名對照表| ]] |
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==外部链接== |
|||
* [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/ 香港太空館][http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/c_index.htm 研究資源] |
|||
** [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstarzone_b.htm 中國星區、星官及星名英譯表] |
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** [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/Literature/c_research_literature.htm 天象文學] |
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* [http://www.nmns.edu.tw/ 台灣自然科學博物館][http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/ 天文教育資訊網] |
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** [http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/AEEA/contents_list/ancient_chinese_astronomy.html 中國古天文] |
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** [http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/AEEA/contents_list/star_sign.html 中國古代的星象系統] |
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[[Category:中西星名對照表]] |
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[[Category:中國天文史]] |
[[Category:中國天文史]] |
||
[[en:Traditional Chinese star names]] |
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[[zh-yue:中國星名]] |
2024年5月2日 (四) 17:05的最新版本
中西星名對照表 |
中西星名對照表將中國星名對應到現代星名,並列出所有星區、星官以及星名的中西譯名,分為32天區,有306星官,共1511星。由於星數眾多,按北天、南天、東方、北方、西方、南方共六個星區分別列表,又獨立出二十八宿部分以方便瀏覽。
- 三垣二十八宿(四象)的星官名以丹元子《步天歌》為準,有283星官[1];星數以《儀象考成》為準,共1381星[2]。近南極以《儀象考成續編》為準,有23星官,共130星。
- 中國天文學史專有名詞英譯全部以香港太空館中國星區、星官及星名英譯表 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)為準。
專有名詞
[编辑]在中國的星象劃分中「垣」、「象」、「宿」、「星官」是四個不同的單位,與現代88星座的劃分方法完全不一樣。
- 垣 enclosures
- 「三垣」是最晚形成的星區概念,皆有東西兩藩的星,即圍繞宮室的牆垣,故又可稱為「宮」。
- 象 symbols
- 有形象、象徵之意,「四象」是最早形成的星區概念,後來演變成平面座標中的四個象限。
- 宿 lunar mansions
- 又稱為「舍」,專指二十八個特定的星官或其所在的天區,即「二十八宿」,其重要性相當於西洋的「黃道十二宮」。
- 要特別注意的是,在英文中「lunar mansion」一定是指某特定星官所在的「星區」,而非單一的星官。
- 星官 constellations
- 與西洋「星座」的意義較為類似,都是星象劃分的最小單位,但中國的「星官」有時只有一顆星,而且對他們之間的邊界沒有作定義,兩者的概念不同。[3]
- 「星宿」一詞與「星官」同義[4],只有用在二十八宿時,才可以等同於「宿」,兩者意義有所不同,應避免混用。
- 「天官」有時指「星官」,但一般皆指《史記·天官書》中的「五官」,即「五宮」,應避免混用。
三垣
[编辑]三垣是天球北極附近的星象,分紫微垣、太微垣和天市垣三個天區,在《史記·天官書》中統稱為「中官」。
三垣 the three enclosures | ||
---|---|---|
紫微垣 the Purple Forbidden Enclosure |
太微垣 Supreme Palace Enclosure |
天市垣 Heavenly Market Enclosure |
紫微垣
[编辑]紫微垣代表皇宮,有37星官,共163星,丹元子《步天歌》稱為「中元」。
紫微垣 the Purple Forbidden Enclosure | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
北極 Northern pole |
太子(附北極) Crown prince |
帝(附北極) Emperor |
庶子(附北極) Son of Concubine |
后宮(附北極) Imperial Concubine |
天樞(附北極) Celestial pivot |
四輔 Four Advisors |
勾陳 Curved Array |
天皇大帝 Great Emperor of Heaven |
天柱 Celestial Pillar |
御女 Maids-in-waiting |
女史 Female protocol |
柱史 Official of royal archives |
尚書 Royal secretary |
天床 Celestial bed |
大理 Chief judge |
陰德 Hidden virtue |
六甲 Six Jia |
五帝內座 Interior seats of five emperors |
華蓋 Canopy of the emperor |
杠(附華蓋) Canopy Support |
紫微左垣 Left wall |
左樞(附左垣) Left pivot |
上宰(附左垣) First premier |
少宰(附左垣) Second premier |
上弼(附左垣) First minister |
少弼(附左垣) Second minister |
上衛(附左垣) First imperial guard |
少衛(附左垣) Second imperial guard |
少丞(附左垣) Second prime minister |
紫微右垣 Right Wall |
右樞(附右垣) Right pivot |
少尉(附右垣) Second chief judge |
上輔(附右垣) First minister |
少輔(附右垣) Second minister |
上衛(附右垣) First imperial guard |
少衛(附右垣) Second imperial guard |
上丞(附右垣) First prime minister |
天乙 Celestial great one |
太乙 First great one |
內廚 Inner kitchen |
北斗 Northern dipper |
天樞(附北斗) Celestial pivot |
天璇(附北斗) Celestial rotating jade |
天璣(附北斗) Celestial shining pearl |
天權(附北斗) Celestial balance |
玉衡(附北斗) Jade sighting-tube |
開陽(附北斗) Opener of heat |
搖光(附北斗) Twinkling brilliance |
輔(附北斗) Assistant |
天槍 Celestial spear |
玄戈 Sombre lance |
三公 Three excellencies |
相 Prime minister |
天理 Judge for nobility |
太陽守 Guard of the Sun |
太尊 Royals |
天牢 Celestial prison |
勢 Eunuch |
文昌 Administrative centre |
內階 Inner steps |
三師 Three top instructors |
八穀 Eight kinds of crops |
傳舍 Guest house |
天厨 Celestial kitchen |
天棓 Celestial flail |
太微垣
[编辑]太微垣代表朝廷,有20星官,共78星,丹元子《步天歌》稱為「上元」。
太微垣 the Supreme Forbidden Enclosure | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
五帝座 Seats of the five emperors |
太子 Crown prince |
從官 Retinue |
幸臣 Officer of honour |
五诸侯 Five feudal kings |
九卿 Nine senior officers |
三公 Three excellencies |
內屏 Inner screen |
太微左垣 Left wall |
左执法(附左垣) Left law administrator |
東上相(附左垣) First eastern minister |
東次相(附左垣) Second eastern minister |
東次將(附左垣) Second eastern general |
东上将(附左垣) First eastern general |
太微右垣 Right wall |
右執法(附右垣) Right law administrator |
西上將(附右垣) First western general |
西次將(附右垣) Second western general |
西次相(附右垣) Second western minister |
西上相(附右垣) First western minister |
郎將 Captain of the bodyguards |
郎位 Official of imperial guard |
常陈 Imperial guards |
三台 Three steps |
上台(附三台) Upper step |
中台(附三台) Middle step |
下台(附三台) Lower step |
虎賁 Emperor's bodyguard |
少微 Junior officers |
長垣 Long wall |
靈台 Astronomical observatory |
明堂 Cosmological temple |
謁者 Usher of the court |
天市垣
[编辑]天市垣代表諸侯,有19星官,共87星,丹元子《步天歌》稱為「下元」。
天市垣 the Heavenly Forbidden Enclosure | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
帝座 Emperor's seat |
候 Astrologer |
宦者 Eunuch official |
斗 Dipper for liquids |
斛 Dipper for solids |
列肆 Jewel market |
車肆 Commodity market |
市樓 Municipal office |
宗正 Official for royal clan |
宗人 Official of Religious Ceremonies |
宗 Patriarchal clan |
帛度 Textile ruler |
屠肆 Butcher's shops |
天市左垣 Left wall |
魏(附左垣) WEI |
趙(附左垣) ZHAO |
九河(附左垣) JIUHE |
中山(附左垣) ZHONGSHAN |
齊(附左垣) QI |
吳越(附左垣) WUYUE |
徐(附左垣) XU |
東海(附左垣) DONGHAI |
燕(附左垣) YAN |
南海(附左垣) NANHAI |
宋(附左垣) SONG |
天市右垣 Right wall |
河中(附右垣) HEZHONG |
河間(附右垣) HEJIAN |
晉(附右垣) JIN |
鄭(附右垣) ZHENG |
周(附右垣) ZHOU |
秦(附右垣) QIN |
蜀(附右垣) SHU |
巴(附右垣) BA |
梁(附右垣) LIANG |
楚(附右垣) CHU |
韓(附右垣) HAN |
天紀 Celestial Discipline |
女床 Woman's bed |
貫索 Coiled thong |
七公 Seven excellencies |
四象
[编辑]四象 the four symbols | |||
---|---|---|---|
東方青龍 Azure Dragon of the East |
北方玄武 Murky Warrior of the North |
西方白虎 White Tiger of the West |
南方朱雀 Vermilion Bird of the South |
二十八宿
[编辑]二十八宿包括四象中最重要的28星官,有167星。在中國星象發展的歷史最早,並且是逐步完備而成,但也因為年代久遠,對於他是如何選定、劃分,仍無一致共識。
二十八宿 the twenty-eight lunar mansions | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
東方七宿 Seven Mansions of the East |
角 Horn |
亢 Neck |
氐 Root |
房 Room |
心 Heart |
尾 Tail |
箕 Winnowing-basket |
北方七宿 the seven mansions of the north |
斗 Dipper |
牛 the Ox |
女 the Girl |
虛 the Emptiness |
危 the Rooftop |
室 the Encampment |
壁 the Wall |
西方七宿 the seven mansions of the west |
奎 the Legs |
婁 the Bond |
胃 the Stomach |
昴 the Hairy head |
畢 the Net |
觜 the Turtle beak |
參 the Three (stars) |
南方七宿 the seven mansions of the south |
井 the Well |
鬼 the Ghosts |
柳 the Willow |
星 the Star |
張 the Extended Net |
翼 the Wings |
軫 the Chariot |
青龍
[编辑]青龍代表春季,有46星官,共153星,《史記·天官書》稱為「東官」。
青龍 the Azure Dragon | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
角宿 Horn Mansion |
角 Horn |
平道 Flat road |
天田 Celestial farmland |
周鼎 Tripod of the ZHOU |
進賢 Recommending virtuous man |
天門 Celestial gate |
平 Judging |
库楼 Arsenal |
柱 Pillars |
衡 Railings | |
南門 Southern gate | |||||
亢宿 Neck Mansion |
亢 Neck |
大角 Great horn |
左摄提 Left conductor |
右摄提 Right conductor |
折威 Executions |
顿顽 Trials |
陽門 Gate of YANG | ||||
氐宿 Root Mansion |
氐 Root |
亢池 Boats and lake |
帝席 Mattress of the emperor |
梗河 Celestial lance |
招摇 Twinkling indicator |
天乳 Celestial milk |
天辐 Celestial spokes |
阵车 Battle chariots |
車騎 Chariots and cavalry |
騎陣將軍 Chariot and Cavalry general | |
騎官 Imperial guards | |||||
房宿 Room Mansion |
房 Room |
鉤鈐(附房宿) Lock |
鍵閉 Door bolt |
罰 Punishment |
東咸 Eastern door |
西咸 Western door |
日 Sun |
從官 Retinue | |||
心宿 Heart Mansion |
心 Heart |
積卒 Group of soldiers | |||
尾宿 Tail Mansion |
尾 Tail |
神宮(附尾宿) Changing room |
天江 Celestial river |
傅說 FUYUE |
魚 Fish |
龜 Tortoise | |||||
箕宿 Winnowing-basket Mansion |
箕 Winnowing-basket |
糠 Chaff |
杵 Pestle |
玄武
[编辑]玄武代表冬季,有65星官,共371星,《史記·天官書》稱為「北官」。
玄武 the Black Warrior | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
斗宿 Dipper Mansion |
斗 Dipper |
天龠 Celestial keyhole |
天弁 Market officer |
建 Establishment |
天鸡 Celestial cock |
狗 Dog |
狗国 Territory of dogs |
天淵 Celestial spring |
農丈人 Peasant |
鱉 River turtle | |
牛宿 Ox Mansion |
牛 Ox |
天桴 Celestial drumstick |
河鼓 Drum at the river |
左旗 Left flag |
右旗 Right flag |
織女 Weaving girl |
渐台 Clepsydra terrace |
輦道 Imperial passageway |
羅堰 Networks of dykes |
天田 Celestial farmland | |
九坎 Nine water wells | |||||
女宿 Girl Mansion |
女 Girl |
離珠 Pearls on ladies' wear |
敗瓜 Rotten melom |
瓠瓜 Good malom |
天津 Celestial ford |
奚仲 XIZHONG |
扶筐 Basket for mulberry leaves |
十二國 Twelve countries |
周(附十二國) ZHOU |
秦(附十二國) QIN | |
代(附十二國) DAI |
趙(附十二國) ZHAO |
越(附十二國) YUE |
齊(附十二國) QI |
楚(附十二國) CHU | |
鄭(附十二國) ZHENG |
魏(附十二國) WEI |
韓(附十二國) HAN |
晉(附十二國) JIN |
燕(附十二國) YAN | |
虛宿 Emptiness Mansion |
虛 Emptiness |
司命 Deified judge of life |
司祿 Deified judge of rank |
司危 Deified judge of disaster and good fortune |
司非 Deified judge of right and wrong |
哭 Crying |
泣 Weeping |
璃瑜 Jade ornament on ladies' wear |
天垒城 Celestial ramparts |
敗臼 Decayed Mortar | |
危宿 Rooftop Mansion |
危 Rooftop |
墳墓(附危宿) Tomb |
蓋屋 Roofing |
虛梁 Temple |
天錢 Celestial money |
人 Humans |
杵 Pestle |
臼 Mortar |
车府 Big yard for chariots |
造父 ZAOFU | |
天钩 Celestial hook | |||||
室宿 Encampment Mansion |
室 Encampment |
離宮(附室宿) Resting palace |
螣蛇 Flying serpent |
雷電 Thunder and lightning |
土公吏 Official for materials supply |
垒壁阵 The line of ramparts |
羽林軍 Palace guard |
天綱 Materials for Making Tents |
北落师门 North gate of the military camp |
鈇鉞 Axe | |
八魁 Net for catching birds | |||||
壁宿 Wall Mansion |
壁 Wall |
天廄 Celestial stable |
土公 Official for earthworks and buildings |
霹靂 Thunderbolt |
雲雨 Cloud and rain |
鈇鑕 Sickle |
白虎
[编辑]白虎代表秋季,有54星官,共291星,《史記·天官書》稱為「西官」。
白虎 the White Tiger | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
奎宿 Legs Mansion |
奎 Legs |
王良 WANGLIANG |
策 Whip |
附路 Auxiliary road |
軍南門 Southern military gate |
閣道 Flying corridor |
外屏 Outer fence |
天溷 Celestial pigsty |
土司空 Master of constructions | ||
娄宿 Bond Mansion |
婁 Bond |
天大将军 Great general of the heaven |
左更 Official in charge of forest |
右更 Official in charge of pasturing |
天仓 Square celestial granary |
天庾 Ricks of grain | |||||
胃宿 Stomach Mansion |
胃 Stomach |
大陵 Mausoleum |
積尸 Heaps of corpses |
天船 Celestial boat |
積水 Stored water |
天廪 Celestial foodstuffs |
天囷 Circular celestial granary | ||||
昴宿 Hairy head Mansion |
昴 Hairy head |
天阿 Celestial river |
月 Moon |
卷舌 Rolled tongue |
天讒 Celestial slander |
礪石 |
天阴 Celestial YIN force |
蒭藁 Hay |
天苑 Celestial meadows | ||
毕宿 Net Mansion |
畢 Net |
附耳(附毕宿) Whisper |
天街 Celestial street |
天高 Celestial high terrace |
诸王 Feudal kings |
五车 Five chariots |
柱 Pillars |
咸池 Pool of harmony |
天潢 Celestial pier |
天關 Celestial gate | |
天節 Celestial tally |
九州殊口 Interpreters of nine dialects |
参旗 Banner of three stars |
九斿 Imperial military flag |
天園 Celestial orchard | |
觜宿 Turtle beak Mansion |
觜 Turtle beak |
司怪 Deity in charge of monsters |
座旗 Seat flags | ||
参宿 Three stars Mansion |
參 Three stars |
伐(附参宿) Punishment |
玉井 Jade well |
军井 Military well |
屏 Screen |
廁 Toilet |
屎 Excrement |
朱雀
[编辑]朱雀代表夏季,有42星官,共238星,《史記·天官書》稱為「南官」。《儀象考成》無「天廟」、「東甌」、「軍門」、「土司空」、「器府」5星官,共57星。
朱雀 the Vermilion Bird | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
井宿 Well Mansion |
井 Well |
鉞(附井宿) Battle axe |
水府 Official for irrigation |
天樽 Celestial wine cup |
五诸侯 Five feudal kings |
北河 North river |
積水 Accumulated water |
積薪 Pile of firewood |
水位 Water level |
南河 South river | |
四渎 Four channels |
闕丘 Palace gate |
军市 Market for the soldiers |
野雞 Wild cockerel |
天狼 Celestial wolf | |
丈人 Grandfather |
子 Son |
孫 Grandson |
老人 Old man |
弧矢 Bow and arrow | |
鬼宿 Ghosts Mansion |
鬼 Ghosts |
積尸 Cumulative corpses |
爟 Beacon fire |
外廚 Outer kitchen |
天記 Judge to estimate the age of animals |
天狗 Celestial dog |
天社 Celestial earth god' s temple | ||||
柳宿 Willow Mansion |
柳 Willow |
酒旗 Banner of wine shop | |||
星宿 Star Mansion |
星 Star |
天相 Celestial premier |
天稷 Celestial cereals |
軒轅 XUANYUAN |
御女(附軒轅) Maids-in-waiting |
內平 High judge | |||||
张宿 Extended net Mansion |
張 Extended net |
天廟 Celestial Temple | |||
翼宿 Wings Mansion |
翼 Wings |
東甌 DONGOU | |||
轸宿 Chariot Mansion |
軫 Chariot |
左轄(附轸宿) Left linchpin |
右辖(附轸宿) Right linchpin |
長沙(附轸宿) CHANGSHA |
青丘 Green hill |
軍門 Military Gate |
土司空 Master of Construction |
器府 House for Musical Instruments |
近南極
[编辑]近南極有23星官,共130星。因為中國地處北方無法觀測,直至西學傳入才有星官的劃分,因此相較於已有久遠歷史的三垣二十八宿,幾乎沒有什麼爭議。
近南極 the southern circumpolar region | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
海山 Sea and mountain |
十字架 Cross |
馬尾 Horse's tail |
马腹 Horse's abdomen |
蜜蜂 Bee |
三角形 Triangle |
异雀 Exotic bird |
孔雀 Peacock |
波斯 Persia |
蛇尾 Snake's tail |
蛇腹 Snake's abdomen |
蛇首 Snake's head |
鳥喙 Bird's beak |
鶴 Crane |
火鳥 Firebird |
水委 Crooked running water |
附白 White patches nearby |
夹白 White Patch Attached |
金魚 Goldfish |
海石 Sea rock |
飛魚 Flying fish |
南船 Southern boat |
小斗 Little dipper |
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ 丹元子《步天歌》所載星數為1464星,短少部份皆為四象所缺,三垣各星官的星數皆與《儀象考成》相同。
- ^ 三垣二十八宿283星官中,在朱雀有5星官是《儀象考成》未載,故共1381星其中有57星為丹元子《步天歌》所載。
- ^ 陳輝樺(國立自然科學博物館). 中國古代的星象系統. AEEA 天文教育資訊網: 參、中國古代的「 恆星的中文名字 」是怎樣制定的?. [2007年9月26日]. (原始内容 (HTML)存档于2007年6月7日) (中文(臺灣)).
- ^ 楊金鼎. 天文曆法-星官(星宿,星座). 中國文化史大詞典. 遠流辭書 1989年11月16日台灣初版一刷. 台灣: 遠流. 1989年11月16日: 第254頁. ISBN 957-32-0225-5 (中文(臺灣)).