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五車五：修订间差异

天球赤道座標：星圖 05h 26m 17.5134s, +28° 36′ 27.494″
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{{Starbox begin |
{{Starbox begin
name=五車五 }}
| name=五車五（金牛座β）
}}
{{Starbox image
{{Starbox image
| image = [[File:Taurus constellation map.png|250px]]
| image=
| caption = 五车五位于图片的左上角。
{{Location mark
|image=Taurus constellation map.svg|alt=|float=center|width=240
|label=|position=right
|mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=10|mark_link=五車五
|x=190|y=196
}}
|caption=五車五的位置（紅圈）
}}
{{Starbox observe
|epoch=J2000
|ra={{RA|05|26|17.51312}}<ref name=hipparcos/>
|dec={{DEC|28|36|26.8262}}<ref name=hipparcos/>
|appmag_v=1.65<ref name=ducati/>
|constell=[[金牛座]]
}}
{{Starbox character
|class=B7III<ref name=garrison/>
|b-v=−0.13<ref name=ducati/>
|u-b=−0.49<ref name=ducati/>
|variable=
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
|radial_v=9.2<ref name=rv/>
|prop_mo_ra=+22.76<ref name=hipparcos/>
|prop_mo_dec=−173.58<ref name=hipparcos/>
|parallax=24.36
|p_error=0.34
|parallax_footnote=<ref name=hipparcos/>
|absmag_v=−1.42<ref name=Anderson2012/>
}}
{{Starbox detail
| mass={{nowrap|5.0 ± 0.1}}<ref name=apj736_2_89/>
| radius=4.2<ref name=mnras189_601/>
| luminosity=700<ref name="kaler" />
| temperature={{nowrap|13,824 ± 475}}<ref name=mnras189_601/>
| metal_fe=+0.08<ref name=hgmn/>
| rotational_velocity=59<ref name=hgmn/>
| gravity=3.65<ref name=hgmn/>
| age_myr={{nowrap|100 ± 10}}<ref name=apj736_2_89/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
|names={{odlist | name=Elnath | name2=El Nath | name3=Alnath | B=Gamma Aurigae | F=112&nbsp;Tauri | BD=+28°795 | FK5=202 | HD=35497 | HIP=25428 | HR=1791 | SAO=77168 | WDS= | CCDM=05263+2836 | GC=6681 }}
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad=HD+35497
}}
}}
{{Starbox observe |
epoch=J2000 |
星座=[[金牛座]] |
星官=[[白虎]] [[毕宿]] [[五車]] |
ra=05h 26m 17.5s |
dec=+28° 36' 27" |
appmag_v=1.65 }}
{{Starbox character |
class=B7 III |
b-v=-0.13 |
u-b=-0.49 |
variable=無 }}
{{Starbox astrometry |
radial_v=+9.2 |
prop_mo_ra=23.28 |
prop_mo_dec=-174.22 |
parallax=24.89 |
p_error=0.88 |
absmag_v=-1.37 }}
{{Starbox detail|
mass=4.5<ref name="kaler">{{cite web
|title=ELNATH (Beta Tauri)
|publisher=University of Illinois
|author=Professor James B. (Jim) Kaler
|url=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/elnath.html
|accessdate=2010-03-07}}</ref>
radius=5-6 |
luminosity=700 |
temperature=13,600 |
metal=-0.10 [[Metallicity#Calculation|Fe/H]]<ref name="SIMBAD">{{cite web
|url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=elnath&NbIdent=1&Radius=2&Radius.unit=arcmin&submit=submit+id
| title =SIMBAD query result: ELNATH -- Star in double system
| publisher =Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg
| accessdate = 2010-03-07 }}</ref><ref name="aj41">{{cite journal
| author=Heacox, W. D.
| title=Chemical abundances in Hg-Mn stars
| journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series,
| year=1979
| volume=vol.41,
| page=p.675,
| url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979ApJS...41..675H
| bibcode=1979ApJS...41..675H
| doi=10.1086/190637
| accessdate=2010-03-07}}</ref>
|rotation=82 km/s <ref name="SIMBAD" /><ref name="csrv239">{{cite journal
| author=Bernacca, P. L.; Perinotto, M.
| title=A catalogue of stellar rotational velocities
| journal=Contr. Oss. Astrof. Padova in Asiago,
| year=1970
| volume=vol.239,
| url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970CoAsi.239....1B
| bibcode=1970CoAsi.239....1B
| accessdate=2010-03-07}}</ref>|
rotation=? |
age=? }}
{{Starbox catalog |
names=Nath, El Nath, Alnath, 112 Tauri, Gamma Aurigae, [[Harvard Revised catalogue|HR]] 1791, [[Bonner Durchmusterung|BD]] +28°795, [[Henry Draper catalogue|HD]] 35497, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog|SAO]] 77168, FK5 202, GC&nbsp;6681, CCDM&nbsp;05263+2836 [[Hipparcos catalogue|HIP]] 25428. }}
{{Starbox end}}
{{Starbox end}}


'''五車五''' （來自[[名稱拉丁化|拉丁化]]的名稱為"βeta Tauri"，縮寫為"Beta Tau"或"β Tau"），正式名稱為'''Elnath'''<ref name="IAU-CSN"/>（發音為{{IPAc-en|E|l| |n|æ|θ}}或{{IPAc-en|'|E|l|n|æ|θ}}）<ref name=Kunitzsch/>，為[[金牛座]]第二亮星，[[視星等]]為1,65等。它距離地球134[[光年]]，是一顆[[特殊恆星|化學性質特殊]]的B7[[巨星]]。
'''五車五'''（'''β Tau''' / '''金牛座β'''）為[[金牛座]]第二亮星，視星等為1.7等。因為位於金牛座與[[御夫座]]的邊界，所以在[[拜耳命名法]]中曾重複命名為為'''御夫座γ'''，但是現在已經不再使用。


== 命名法 ==
與[[太陽]]相比較，五車五含有相當豐富的[[錳]]，不過缺乏[[鈣]]與[[鎂]]。五車五已經開始離開[[主序帶]]，將會變成一顆[[巨星]]。
[[File:TaurusCC.jpg|thumb|金牛座的照片]]
這顆恆星因為位於金牛座與[[御夫座]]的邊界，所以在[[拜耳命名法]]中曾有兩個名稱：[[#五車五|金牛座β]]（拉丁化為Beta Tauri）和[[御夫座γ ]]（拉丁化為Gamma Aurigae）。[[托勒密]]認為這顆恆星由[[御夫座]]和[[金牛座]]共用，所以[[約翰·拜耳]]在兩個星座中都為它指定了一個名稱。當現代星座邊界在1930年被確定時，御夫座γ的名稱基本上已不再使用<ref name=ridpath/>。


傳統名稱"Elnath"，與"El Nath"或"Alnath"不同，它來自阿拉伯語單詞"النطح""an-naţħ"，意思是「對接」（即公牛的角）。與許多其他阿拉伯星名一樣，文字"ال"字面上音譯為"el"，但在阿拉伯語發音中，它絕大多數被同化為"n"，這意味著它被省略了。2016年，[[國際天文學聯合會]]組織了[[IAU恆星名稱工作組]]（WGSN）<ref name="WGSN"/>對恆星的專有名稱進行編目和標準化。WGSN在2016年7月發佈的第一份公告<ref name="WGSN1"/>包括WGSN批准的前兩批名稱的表格；其中確認這顆恆星專屬的名稱為"Elnath"。
當月球的升交點接近[[晝夜平分點]]時，月球將會遮掩五車五，而五車五在2007年時曾經被[[月球]]所掩。大部分的掩星只有在[[南半球]]可以觀測到，這是因為五車五位於月掩區的北端，只有很罕見的情況下可以在[[加利福尼亞州]]南部觀測得到。<ref>http://www.pa.msu.edu/abrams/SWD/2006/SWD_0609-g.html</ref>


在[[中國天文學史|中國]]，{{lang|zh|五車}}（{{lang|zh-Latn|Wǔ Chē}}）的意思為「[[五車|五輛戰車]]」，指由[[五車五|金牛座β]]、[[御夫座ι]]、[[五車二|御夫座α]]、[[御夫座β]]和[[御夫座θ]]組成的星官<ref>{{in lang|zh}} ''中國星座神話'', written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.</ref>。因此，金牛座β的[[中西星名對照表|中國名稱]]是{{lang|zh|五車五}} （{{lang|zh-Latn|Wǔ Chē Wǔ}}；{{lang-en|Fifth of the Five Chariots}}。）<ref>{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_e_g.htm 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130063007/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_e_g.htm |date=2011-01-30 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.</ref>。
==物理特性==
Elnath's [[absolute magnitude]] is -1.34, similar to another Taurean star - [[Maia (star)|Maia]] in the [[Pleiades (star cluster)|Pleiadian]] [[Open cluster|star cluster]]. Like Maia, Elnath is a [[B-type main sequence star|B class]] [[Giant star|giant]] with a luminosity 700 times solar.<ref name="kaler" /> However being approximately 130 [[light-year|light years]] distant compared to Maia's estimated 360 light years, Elnath ranks as the second brightest star in the constellation.


== 物理特性 ==
Uniquely positioned along the plane of our [[Milky Way|Milky Way Galaxy]] a few degrees west of the [[galactic anticenter]], Elnath heralds a rich collection of [[Nebula|nebulae]] and [[Star cluster|star clusters]].<ref name="ApopPik">{{cite web |url=http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap100305.html | title=Deep Auriga | publisher=Today's [[Astronomy Picture of the Day]] | date=2010 March 5 | accessdate=2010-03-07 }}</ref> Relative to our [[Sun]], β Tauri is notable for a high abundance of [[manganese]], but a paucity of [[calcium]] and [[magnesium]].<ref name="kaler" /><ref name="aj41" /> This star has begun to evolve away from the [[main sequence]].
五車五的[[絕對星等]]是-1.34，類似金牛座的另一顆恆星，在[[疏散星團]][[昴宿星團]]中的[[昴宿四]]。與昴宿四相同，五車五是一顆[[藍巨星|B型]]的[[巨星]]，光度為太陽的700倍（{{solar luminosity}}）<ref name="kaler" />。它已經演化成比在[[主序星|主序帶]]時更大、但溫度更低的[[巨星]] <ref name=knyazeva/>。然而，與昴宿四360年的距離比較，五車五的距離只有130光年，是金牛座第二亮的恆星。


它是一顆[[汞-錳星]]，一種化學性質奇特的非磁性恆星，其[[恆星光譜|光譜]]的特徵顯示一些重元素的量異常的多<ref name=hgmn/>。相較於[[太陽]]，五車五以富含[[錳]]，但[[鈣]]和[[鎂]]的量很少而聞名<ref name="kaler" /><ref name="aj41" />。然而，缺乏強烈的[[汞（元素）|汞]]特徵，加上[[矽]]和[[鉻]]的含量特別高，導致一些學者給出了其它分類，包括做為"SrCrEu星"甚至[[Ap和Bp星|Ap星]]<ref name=chen/><ref name=bychkov/>。它的[[周邊昏暗|邊緣變暗]]角直徑測量值為{{val|1.090|0.076|ul=mas}}。在{{val|41.1|u=pc}}的距離處，這對應於{{val|4.82|0.34|u=太陽半徑}}的線性半徑<ref name=gordon2019/>
This star can be occulted by the [[moon]]. Such occultations occur when the moon's [[ascending node]] is near the [[vernal equinox]], as is the case in 2007. Most occultations are visible only in parts of the Southern Hemisphere, because the star lies at the northern edge of the lunar occultation zone. Rarely, it may be occulted as far north as southern [[California]].<ref>[http://www.pa.msu.edu/abrams/SWD/2006/SWD_0609-g.html Abrams Planetarium - Skywatcher's Diary<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


位於[[銀河系|銀河系窄平面的南緣]]在[[反銀心]]以西幾度處，五車五β成為許多銀河南側[[星雲]]和[[星團]]的前景天體，例如[[M36 (疏散星團)|M36]]、[[M37]]和[[M38]]<ref name="ApopPik"/>。它位於[[黃道]]以北5.39度，足以被[[月球]]遮蔽，但發生的機率並不高。當月球的[[升交點]]靠近[[春分點]]時，才會發生這種掩星；例如2007年。因為五車五位於月球掩星區的北部邊緣，所以大多數只在[[南半球]]可見。當年發生14次，台灣地區僅能見9月4日晚間發生的那一次，南[[加利福尼亞]]可以看見8月8日的那一次<ref name=abrams/>。
== 双星 ==
There is a faint star that appears close enough to Elnath for astronomers to consider it a [[double star]]. Its visual companion, known as BD+28 795B, has a [[Position angle|PA]] of 239 degrees and is separated from the main star by 33.4 [[Minute of arc#Symbols, abbreviations and subdivisions|arcseconds]].<ref name=VizieR>{{cite web |title=CCDM (Catalog of Components of Double & Multiple stars (Dommanget+ 2002) |work=[[VizieR]] |publisher=[[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg]] |url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?CCDM%20J05263%2b2836B |accessdate=2010-03-07}}</ref><ref name="Alcyone">{{cite web |url=http://www.alcyone.de/SIT/mainstars/SIT000764.htm | title=Al Nath | publisher=Alcyone Bright Star Catalogue | accessdate=2010-03-07 }}</ref>


==參考資料==
== 伴星 ==
從我們的角度來看，五車五有一顆微弱的恆星在非常接近的角距離上。天文學家在觀測指南上提到這是一對[[雙星]]。可見的伴星BD + 28°795B在[[位置角]]239度之處，距離僅33.4{{link-en|角秒|Minute and second of arc}}（"）<ref name=VizieR/><ref name="Alcyone"/>。在尋找棕矮星和行星伴星時，已經發現六顆角度更近，甚至更暗淡的恆星{{snd}}這些恆星都被認為是背景天體<ref name=janson/>。
{{reflist}}


在[[掩星#月掩星|月球掩星]]的測量中報告了一個非常接近的同伴：{{val|0.1|ul="}}，但未得到其他觀察者的證實。[[徑向速度]]測量表明，五車五是單線[[聯星#光譜聯星|光譜聯星]]，但沒有關於伴星或軌道的公開資訊<ref name=adelman2006/><ref name=gordon2019/>。
==外部連結==
*[http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/elnath.html Elnath]
*Jim Kaler's Stars:[http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/elnath.html Elnath]
*[http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap100305.html Image of Elnath] from [[Astronomy Picture of the Day|APOD]]


== 參考資料 ==
[[Category:拜耳天體|金牛座 β]]
{{Reflist|refs=
[[Category:巨星]]
[[Category:金牛座]]
[[Category:畢宿]]


<ref name=adelman2006>{{cite journal |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053581 |title=Elemental abundance analyses with DAO spectrograms |year=2006 |last1=Adelman |first1=S. J. |last2=Caliskan |first2=H. |last3=Gulliver |first3=A. F. |last4=Teker |first4=A. |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=447 |issue=2 |pages=685–690 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
[[cs:Beta Tauri]]

[[de:Elnath]]
<ref name=janson>{{cite journal|bibcode=2011ApJ...736...89J|arxiv=1105.2577|title=High-contrast Imaging Search for Planets and Brown Dwarfs around the Most Massive Stars in the Solar Neighborhood|journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]|volume=736|issue=2|pages=89|last1=Janson|first1=Markus|last2=Bonavita|first2=Mariangela|last3=Klahr|first3=Hubert|last4=Lafrenière|first4=David|last5=Jayawardhana|first5=Ray|last6=Zinnecker|first6=Hans|year=2011|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/89|s2cid=119217803}}</ref>
[[el:Ελ Ναθ]]

[[en:Beta Tauri]]
<ref name=abrams>{{cite web|url=http://www.pa.msu.edu/abrams/SWD/2006/SWD_0609-g.html|publisher=Abrams Planetarium|title=Skywatcher's Diary|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830182148/http://www.pa.msu.edu/abrams/SWD/2006/SWD_0609-g.html|archive-date=2007-08-30}}</ref>
[[es:Elnath]]

[[fi:Beta Tauri]]
<ref name="Alcyone">{{cite web | url=http://www.alcyone.de/SIT/mainstars/SIT000764.htm | title=Al Nath | publisher=Alcyone Bright Star Catalogue | access-date=2010-03-07 | archive-date=2018-10-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005012544/http://www.alcyone.de/SIT/mainstars/SIT000764.htm | dead-url=no }}</ref>
[[fr:Beta Tauri]]

[[he:אל-נאת']]
<ref name=VizieR>{{cite web |title=CCDM (Catalog of Components of Double & Multiple stars (Dommanget+ 2002) |work=[[VizieR]] |publisher=[[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg]] |url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?CCDM%20J05263%2b2836B |access-date=2010-03-07 |archive-date=2019-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918215526/http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?CCDM%20J05263%2b2836B |dead-url=no }}</ref>
[[it:Elnath]]

[[ja:エルナト]]
<ref name=mnras189_601>{{cite journal | display-authors=1 | last1=Underhill | first1=A. B. | last2=Divan | first2=L. | last3=Prevot-Burnichon | first3=M.-L. | last4=Doazan | first4=V. | title=Effective temperatures, angular diameters, distances and linear radii for 160 O and B stars | journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume=189 | issue=3 | pages=601–605 |date=November 1979 | bibcode=1979MNRAS.189..601U | doi=10.1093/mnras/189.3.601| doi-access=free }}</ref>
[[ko:엘 나스]]

[[lb:Elnath (Stär)]]
<ref name="kaler">{{cite web | title=ELNATH (Beta Tauri) | publisher=[[University of Illinois]] | first1=James B. | last1=Kaler | url=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/elnath.html | access-date=2010-03-07 | archive-date=2020-02-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229064520/http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/elnath.html | dead-url=no }}</ref>
[[lt:Alnatas]]

[[nl:Al Nath]]
<ref name="aj41">{{cite journal | last1=Heacox | first1=W. D. | title=Chemical abundances in Hg-Mn stars | journal=[[Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series]] | date=1979 | volume=41 | page=675 | bibcode=1979ApJS...41..675H | doi=10.1086/190637 }}</ref>
[[pl:Elnath]]

[[pt:Beta Tauri]]
<ref name=apj736_2_89>{{cite journal | display-authors=1 | last1=Janson | first1=Markus | last2=Bonavita | first2=Mariangela | last3=Klahr | first3=Hubert | last4=Lafrenière | first4=David | last5=Jayawardhana | first5=Ray | last6=Zinnecker | first6=Hans | title=High-contrast Imaging Search for Planets and Brown Dwarfs around the Most Massive Stars in the Solar Neighborhood | journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] | volume=736 | issue=2 | page=89 |date=August 2011 | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/89 | bibcode=2011ApJ...736...89J |arxiv = 1105.2577 | s2cid=119217803 }}</ref>
[[ru:Нат (звезда)]]

[[sk:El Nath]]
<ref name=Anderson2012>{{cite journal
| title=XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation
| last1=Anderson | first1=E. | last2=Francis | first2=Ch.
| journal=[[Astronomy Letters]]
| volume=38 | issue=5 | pages=331 | year=2012
| bibcode=2012AstL...38..331A | doi=10.1134/S1063773712050015
| arxiv=1108.4971 | s2cid=119257644 }}</ref>

<ref name=hipparcos>{{cite journal | arxiv=0708.1752 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]] | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | year=2007 | last1=Van Leeuwen | first1=F. | s2cid=18759600 }} [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?HIP%2025428 Vizier catalog entry] {{Wayback|url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?HIP%2025428 |date=20210515172735 }}</ref>

<ref name=rv>{{cite journal|bibcode= 1967IAUS...30...57E |title= The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities |journal= [[Determination of Radial Velocities and Their Applications]] |volume= 30 |pages= 57 |last1= Evans |first1= D. S |year= 1967 }}</ref>

<ref name=garrison>{{cite journal|bibcode=1994AJ....107.1556G|title=The late B-type stars: Refined MK classification, confrontation with stromgren photometry, and the effects of rotation|journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]]|volume=107|pages=1556|last1=Garrison|first1=R. F|last2=Gray|first2=R. O|year=1994|doi=10.1086/116967}}</ref>

<ref name=hgmn>{{cite journal|bibcode=2016MNRAS.460.1912G|title=Statistical analysis from recent abundance determinations in HgMn stars|journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]|volume=460|issue=2|pages=1912|last1=Ghazaryan|first1=S|last2=Alecian|first2=G|year=2016|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw911|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=ducati>{{cite journal|bibcode=2002yCat.2237....0D|title=VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system|journal=[[CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues]]|volume=2237|pages=0|last1=Ducati|first1=J. R.|date=2002}}</ref>

<ref name="IAU-CSN">{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | title=IAU Catalog of Star Names | access-date=2016-07-28 | archive-date=2018-07-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707180747/http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name=ridpath>{{cite web|url=http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/bayer.htm|title=Bayer's Uranometria and Bayer letters|author=Ian Ridpath|author-link=Ian Ridpath|access-date=2017-11-27|archive-date=2019-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315021210/http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/bayer.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>

<ref name="WGSN">{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) | access-date=2016-05-22 | archive-date=2020-04-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423144448/https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="WGSN1">{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf | title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 | access-date=2016-07-28 | archive-date=2018-04-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417140227/http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf | dead-url=no }}</ref>

<ref name="ApopPik">{{Cite APOD | title=Deep Auriga | date=2010-03-05 | access-date=2010-03-07 }}</ref>

<ref name=knyazeva>{{cite journal|bibcode=2000ARep...44..548K|title=The Normal Energy Distributions in Stellar Spectra: Giants and Supergiants|journal=[[Astronomy Reports]]|volume=44|issue=8|pages=548|last1=Knyazeva|first1=L. N|last2=Kharitonov|first2=A. V|year=2000|doi=10.1134/1.1306355|s2cid=120800469}}</ref>

<ref name=chen>{{cite journal|bibcode=2017AJ....153..218C|title=A New Photometric Study of Ap and Am Stars in the Infrared|journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]]|volume=153|issue=5|pages=218|last1=Chen|first1=P. S|last2=Liu|first2=J. Y|last3=Shan|first3=H. G|year=2017|doi=10.3847/1538-3881/aa679a|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=bychkov>{{cite journal|bibcode=2009MNRAS.394.1338B|title=Catalogue of averaged stellar effective magnetic fields - II. Re-discussion of chemically peculiar a and B stars|journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]|volume=394|issue=3|pages=1338|last1=Bychkov|first1=V. D|last2=Bychkova|first2=L. V|last3=Madej|first3=J|year=2009|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14227.x}}</ref>

<ref name=Kunitzsch>{{cite book
|last1=Kunitzsch |first1=Paul
|last2=Smart |first2=Tim
|date = 2006 |edition = 2nd rev.
|title = A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations
|publisher = Sky Pub |location = Cambridge, Massachusetts
|isbn = 978-1-931559-44-7
}}</ref>

<ref name=gordon2019>{{cite journal |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ab04b2 |title=Angular Sizes, Radii, and Effective Temperatures of B-type Stars from Optical Interferometry with the CHARA Array |year=2019 |last1=Gordon |first1=Kathryn D. |last2=Gies |first2=Douglas R. |last3=Schaefer |first3=Gail H. |last4=Huber |first4=Daniel |last5=Ireland |first5=Michael |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=873 |issue=1 |page=91 |bibcode=2019ApJ...873...91G |s2cid=125181833 }}</ref>

}}

== 外部連結 ==
* Jim Kaler's Stars: [https://web.archive.org/web/20051123222352/http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/elnath.html Elnath]
* {{APOD |date=2010-03-05 |title=Image of Elnath}}
* [http://sprite.phys.ncku.edu.tw/astrolab/mirrors/apod/ap100305.html 每日一天文圖：2010年3月5日] {{Wayback|url=http://sprite.phys.ncku.edu.tw/astrolab/mirrors/apod/ap100305.html |date=20220311153713 }}
{{Stars of Taurus}}
{{星官|五车|5|19}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Sky|05|26|17.5134|+|28|36|27.494}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beta Tauri}}
[[Category:金牛座]]
[[Category:御夫座]]
[[Category:拜耳天體|金牛座, β]]
[[Category:B型巨星]]
[[Category:有固有名的恆星|Elnath]]
[[Category:佛氏天體|金牛座, 112]]
[[Category:HR天體|1791]]
[[Category:HD和HDE天體|035497]]
[[Category:HIP天體|025428]]
[[Category:波恩天體|BD+28 0795]]
[[Category:五车 (星官)|五车5]]
[[Category:汞錳星]]

2024年6月25日 (二) 10:53的版本

五車五（金牛座β）
五車五的位置（紅圈）
觀測資料
曆元 J2000
星座 金牛座
星官
赤經 05h 26m 17.51312s[1]
赤緯 28° 36′ 26.8262″[1]
視星等（V） 1.65[2]
特性
光谱分类B7III[3]
U−B 色指数−0.49[2]
B−V 色指数−0.13[2]
天体测定
徑向速度 (Rv)9.2[4] km/s
自行 (μ) 赤经：+22.76[1] mas/yr
赤纬：−173.58[1] mas/yr
视差 (π)24.36 ± 0.34[1] mas
距离134 ± 2 ly
(41.1 ± 0.6 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)−1.42[5]
詳細資料
質量5.0 ± 0.1[6] M☉
半徑4.2[7] R☉
表面重力 (log g)3.65[8]
亮度700[9] L☉
溫度13,824 ± 475[7] K
金属量 [Fe/H]+0.08[8] dex
自轉速度 (v sin i)59[8] km/s
年齡100 ± 10[6] Myr
其他命名
Elnath、​El Nath、​Alnath、​Gamma Aurigae、​112 Tauri、​BD+28°795、​FK5 202、​GC 6681、​HD 35497、​HIP 25428、​HR 1791、​SAO 77168、​CCDM 05263+2836
參考資料庫
SIMBAD资料

五車五 （來自拉丁化的名稱為"βeta Tauri"，縮寫為"Beta Tau"或"β Tau"），正式名稱為Elnath[10]（發音為/ɛlnæθ/或/ˈɛlnæθ/）[11]，為金牛座第二亮星，視星等為1,65等。它距離地球134光年，是一顆化學性質特殊的B7巨星。

命名法

金牛座的照片

這顆恆星因為位於金牛座與御夫座的邊界，所以在拜耳命名法中曾有兩個名稱：金牛座β（拉丁化為Beta Tauri）和御夫座γ （拉丁化為Gamma Aurigae）。托勒密認為這顆恆星由御夫座和金牛座共用，所以約翰·拜耳在兩個星座中都為它指定了一個名稱。當現代星座邊界在1930年被確定時，御夫座γ的名稱基本上已不再使用[12]。

傳統名稱"Elnath"，與"El Nath"或"Alnath"不同，它來自阿拉伯語單詞"النطح""an-naţħ"，意思是「對接」（即公牛的角）。與許多其他阿拉伯星名一樣，文字"ال"字面上音譯為"el"，但在阿拉伯語發音中，它絕大多數被同化為"n"，這意味著它被省略了。2016年，國際天文學聯合會組織了IAU恆星名稱工作組（WGSN）[13]對恆星的專有名稱進行編目和標準化。WGSN在2016年7月發佈的第一份公告[14]包括WGSN批准的前兩批名稱的表格；其中確認這顆恆星專屬的名稱為"Elnath"。

在中國，五車（Wǔ Chē）的意思為「五輛戰車」，指由金牛座β、御夫座ι、御夫座α、御夫座β和御夫座θ組成的星官[15]。因此，金牛座β的中國名稱是五車五 （Wǔ Chē Wǔ；英語：Fifth of the Five Chariots。）[16]。

物理特性

五車五的絕對星等是-1.34，類似金牛座的另一顆恆星，在疏散星團昴宿星團中的昴宿四。與昴宿四相同，五車五是一顆B型的巨星，光度為太陽的700倍（L☉）[9]。它已經演化成比在主序帶時更大、但溫度更低的巨星 [17]。然而，與昴宿四360年的距離比較，五車五的距離只有130光年，是金牛座第二亮的恆星。

它是一顆汞-錳星，一種化學性質奇特的非磁性恆星，其光譜的特徵顯示一些重元素的量異常的多[8]。相較於太陽，五車五以富含錳，但鈣和鎂的量很少而聞名[9][18]。然而，缺乏強烈的汞特徵，加上矽和鉻的含量特別高，導致一些學者給出了其它分類，包括做為"SrCrEu星"甚至Ap星[19][20]。它的邊緣變暗角直徑測量值為1.090±0.076 mas。在41.1 pc的距離處，這對應於4.82±0.34 太陽半徑的線性半徑[21]

位於銀河系窄平面的南緣在反銀心以西幾度處，五車五β成為許多銀河南側星雲和星團的前景天體，例如M36、M37和M38[22]。它位於黃道以北5.39度，足以被月球遮蔽，但發生的機率並不高。當月球的升交點靠近春分點時，才會發生這種掩星；例如2007年。因為五車五位於月球掩星區的北部邊緣，所以大多數只在南半球可見。當年發生14次，台灣地區僅能見9月4日晚間發生的那一次，南加利福尼亞可以看見8月8日的那一次[23]。

伴星

從我們的角度來看，五車五有一顆微弱的恆星在非常接近的角距離上。天文學家在觀測指南上提到這是一對雙星。可見的伴星BD + 28°795B在位置角239度之處，距離僅33.4角秒（"）[24][25]。在尋找棕矮星和行星伴星時，已經發現六顆角度更近，甚至更暗淡的恆星 – 這些恆星都被認為是背景天體[26]。

在月球掩星的測量中報告了一個非常接近的同伴：0.1″，但未得到其他觀察者的證實。徑向速度測量表明，五車五是單線光譜聯星，但沒有關於伴星或軌道的公開資訊[27][21]。

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Van Leeuwen, F. Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2007, 474 (2): 653–664. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. S2CID 18759600. arXiv:0708.1752 可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357.  Vizier catalog entry （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ducati, J. R. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system. CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2002, 2237: 0. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D. 
  3. ^ Garrison, R. F; Gray, R. O. The late B-type stars: Refined MK classification, confrontation with stromgren photometry, and the effects of rotation. The Astronomical Journal. 1994, 107: 1556. Bibcode:1994AJ....107.1556G. doi:10.1086/116967. 
  4. ^ Evans, D. S. The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities. Determination of Radial Velocities and Their Applications. 1967, 30: 57. Bibcode:1967IAUS...30...57E. 
  5. ^ Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation. Astronomy Letters. 2012, 38 (5): 331. Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A. S2CID 119257644. arXiv:1108.4971 可免费查阅. doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Janson, Markus; et al. High-contrast Imaging Search for Planets and Brown Dwarfs around the Most Massive Stars in the Solar Neighborhood. The Astrophysical Journal. August 2011, 736 (2): 89. Bibcode:2011ApJ...736...89J. S2CID 119217803. arXiv:1105.2577 可免费查阅. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/89. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Underhill, A. B.; et al. Effective temperatures, angular diameters, distances and linear radii for 160 O and B stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. November 1979, 189 (3): 601–605. Bibcode:1979MNRAS.189..601U. doi:10.1093/mnras/189.3.601 可免费查阅. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Ghazaryan, S; Alecian, G. Statistical analysis from recent abundance determinations in HgMn stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2016, 460 (2): 1912. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.460.1912G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw911 可免费查阅. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Kaler, James B. ELNATH (Beta Tauri). University of Illinois. [2010-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-29）. 
  10. ^ IAU Catalog of Star Names. [2016-07-28]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-07）. 
  11. ^ Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim. A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations 2nd rev. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. 2006. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7. 
  12. ^ Ian Ridpath. Bayer's Uranometria and Bayer letters. [2017-11-27]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-15）. 
  13. ^ IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN). [2016-05-22]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-23）. 
  14. ^ Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 (PDF). [2016-07-28]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-04-17）. 
  15. ^ （中文） 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  16. ^ （中文） 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-01-30., Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
  17. ^ Knyazeva, L. N; Kharitonov, A. V. The Normal Energy Distributions in Stellar Spectra: Giants and Supergiants. Astronomy Reports. 2000, 44 (8): 548. Bibcode:2000ARep...44..548K. S2CID 120800469. doi:10.1134/1.1306355. 
  18. ^ Heacox, W. D. Chemical abundances in Hg-Mn stars. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 1979, 41: 675. Bibcode:1979ApJS...41..675H. doi:10.1086/190637. 
  19. ^ Chen, P. S; Liu, J. Y; Shan, H. G. A New Photometric Study of Ap and Am Stars in the Infrared. The Astronomical Journal. 2017, 153 (5): 218. Bibcode:2017AJ....153..218C. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa679a 可免费查阅. 
  20. ^ Bychkov, V. D; Bychkova, L. V; Madej, J. Catalogue of averaged stellar effective magnetic fields - II. Re-discussion of chemically peculiar a and B stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2009, 394 (3): 1338. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.394.1338B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14227.x. 
  21. ^ 21.0 21.1 Gordon, Kathryn D.; Gies, Douglas R.; Schaefer, Gail H.; Huber, Daniel; Ireland, Michael. Angular Sizes, Radii, and Effective Temperatures of B-type Stars from Optical Interferometry with the CHARA Array. The Astrophysical Journal. 2019, 873 (1): 91. Bibcode:2019ApJ...873...91G. S2CID 125181833. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab04b2. 
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  24. ^ CCDM (Catalog of Components of Double & Multiple stars (Dommanget+ 2002). VizieR. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. [2010-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-18）. 
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  26. ^ Janson, Markus; Bonavita, Mariangela; Klahr, Hubert; Lafrenière, David; Jayawardhana, Ray; Zinnecker, Hans. High-contrast Imaging Search for Planets and Brown Dwarfs around the Most Massive Stars in the Solar Neighborhood. The Astrophysical Journal. 2011, 736 (2): 89. Bibcode:2011ApJ...736...89J. S2CID 119217803. arXiv:1105.2577 可免费查阅. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/89. 
  27. ^ Adelman, S. J.; Caliskan, H.; Gulliver, A. F.; Teker, A. Elemental abundance analyses with DAO spectrograms. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2006, 447 (2): 685–690. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053581 可免费查阅. 

外部連結


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