抑鬱：修订间差异
删除的内容 添加的内容
BakaChinatsu（留言 | 贡献） 小 回退2401:7400:4025:8E28:A11D:605E:3BAC:B2E8（讨论）做出的1次编辑，到由InternetArchiveBot做出的最后修订版本 |
|||
| （未显示13个用户的29个中间版本） | |||
| 第1行： | 第1行： | ||
{{NoteTA |
|||
{{citation style|time=2017-07-05T10:45:36+00:00}} |
|||
| G1 = Psychology |
|||
{{not|抑郁症}} |
|||
}} |
|||
[[File:Melencolia I (Durero).jpg|thumb|200px|Albrecht Dürer's engraving Melencolia I, ca. 1514]] |
|||
{{ |
{{Medical}} |
||
{{About|一種情緒|長期憂鬱的精神狀態|憂鬱病|精神疾病|抑郁障碍|和|重性抑郁障碍}} |
|||
'''抑郁'''是情绪低落、厌恶活动的一种状态，对人的[[思想]]、行为、感觉和身体健康都有一定影响。<ref name="Salmans1995">{{cite book |last=Salmans |first=Sandra |title=Depression: Questions You Have – Answers You Need |year=1997 |publisher=People's Medical Society |isbn=978-1-882606-14-6}}</ref><ref name="DSM-5(2013)">{{cite book |title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) |year=2013 |publisher=American Psychiatric Association}}</ref>抑郁的人可能会感到[[沮丧]]、[[焦虑]]、[[空虚]]、[[绝望]]、[[罪恶]]、[[烦躁]]、[[不安]]等情绪<ref>{{cite web|title=Irritability, Anger Indicators of Complex, Severe JENNYTAN1018THDepression|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/810872}}</ref><ref> |
|||
{{Infobox medical condition (new) |
|||
{{cite web|title=Depression (major depressive disorder)|quote=Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters|url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/basics/symptoms/con-20032977}}</ref>。他们可能会对平时的爱好不再感兴趣，丧失食欲或暴饮暴食，变得不善交际，出现记忆力下降、难以集中注意力、容易犹豫不决等问题。抑郁还伴有[[失眠]]、[[嗜睡]]、[[疲倦|疲劳]]等症状，可能诱发[[自杀]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml |title= NIMH · Depression |agency= National Institute of Mental Health |work= nimh.nih.gov |access-date= 2017-05-19 |archive-date= 2013-06-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130611091923/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml |dead-url= yes }}</ref>。 |
|||
| name = 抑郁 |
|||
| image = A man diagnosed as suffering from melancholia with strong su Wellcome L0026693.jpg |
|||
| caption = 1892年被诊断患有[[忧郁症]]且伴随强烈[[自杀]]倾向人的[[石版画]] |
|||
| alt = |
|||
| field = [[精神病学]]，[[心理学]] |
|||
| symptoms = 情绪低落、厌恶活动、失去兴趣、失去快乐的感觉 |
|||
| complications = |
|||
| onset = |
|||
| duration = |
|||
| causes = 脑化学、遗传学、生活事件、医疗条件、个性<ref name="clevelandclinic">{{cite web|publisher=Cleveland Clinic|title=Depression|date=2022|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression|access-date=2022年6月9日|archive-date=2022年7月22日|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722215040/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression|dead-url=no}}</ref> |
|||
| risks = 精神健康障碍的污名化<ref name="shrivastavaA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shrivastava A, Bureau Y, Rewari N, Johnston M | title = Clinical risk of stigma and discrimination of mental illnesses: Need for objective assessment and quantification | journal = Indian Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 55 | issue = 2 | pages = 178–82 | date = 2013年4月 | pmid = 23825855 | pmc = 3696244 | doi = 10.4103/0019-5545.111459 }}</ref> |
|||
| diagnosis = {{link-en|病人健康量表|Patient Health Questionnaire}}、[[贝克抑郁量表]] |
|||
| differential = [[焦虑]]、[[双相情绪障碍症]]、[[边缘型人格障碍]] |
|||
| prevention = 社会关系、体育活动 |
|||
| treatment = [[心理治疗]]、[[精神药理学]] |
|||
| medication = |
|||
| prognosis = |
|||
| frequency = |
|||
| deaths = |
|||
}} |
|||
{{情绪侧栏}} |
|||
近年有關香港人精神健康調查的報告指出，香港大概有10%人受到不同程度的抑鬱困擾，當中6%患者同時有焦慮和強迫症。出現了抑鬱徵狀而不去求醫、或未被醫生證實患上抑鬱症的人多的是。<ref>{{cite journal | authors = de Zwart et al. | title = Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review |year=2018 | journal = Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | volume = 28 | issue = 5 | pages = 544–562 | pmid = 29769159 | doi = 10.1017/S2045796018000227 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=所有事都冇所謂？ 小心隱性抑鬱|url=https://thecompanions.com.hk/en/counselling/%e6%89%80%e6%9c%89%e4%ba%8b%e9%83%bd%e5%86%87%e6%89%80%e8%ac%82%ef%bc%9f-%e5%b0%8f%e5%bf%83%e9%9a%b1%e6%80%a7%e6%8a%91%e9%ac%b1/|work=The Companions 匡仁心理輔導|date=2018-12-07|accessdate=2019-04-10|language=zh-hant}}</ref> |
|||
{{地区用词|as=译|cn=抑鬱<ref name=cn/>|tw=憂鬱|start={{lang|en|depression}}}}，又译{{地区用词|cn=抑郁症<ref name=cn>医学名词审定委员会精神医学名词审定分委员会．精神医学名词 [S/OL]．北京：科学出版社, 2019: 38. [https://book.sciencereading.cn/shop/book/Booksimple/show.do?id=B8C36FD7ED246B112E053020B0A0AC9EE000 科学文库] {{Wayback|url=https://book.sciencereading.cn/shop/book/Booksimple/show.do?id=B8C36FD7ED246B112E053020B0A0AC9EE000 |date=20240515001244 }}.</ref>|tw=忧郁症<ref>{{乐词网|term=depression}}</ref>{{注|中国大陆“忧-{}-郁症”指“[[憂鬱病]]”（melancholia）。}}}}，是一種[[心境|情緒]]低落和[[厭惡]]活動的狀態<ref>{{Cite web|title=NIMH » Depression Basics|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/index.shtml|access-date=2020-10-22|date=2016|website=www.nimh.nih.gov|archive-date=2009-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216075248/https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/index.shtml}}</ref>。 在醫學上被歸類為[[精神障礙|精神]]和[[異常行為|行為]]障礙<ref>{{cite web|title=The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines|url=https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/bluebook.pdf|access-date=23 June 2021|website=www.who.int [[World Health Organization]]|vauthors=Sartorius N, Henderson AS, Strotzka H, Lipowski Z, Yu-cun S, You-xin X, Strömgren E, Glatzel J, Kühne GE, Misès R, Soldatos CR, Pull CB, Giel R, Jegede R, Malt U, Nadzharov RA, Smulevitch AB, Hagberg B, Perris C, Scharfetter C, Clare A, Cooper JE, Corbett JA, Edwards GJ, Gelder M, Goldberg D, Gossop M, Graham P, Kendell RE, Marks I, Russell G, Rutter M, Shepherd M, West DJ, Wing J, Wing L, Neki JS, Benson F, Cantwell D, Guze S, Helzer J, Holzman P, Kleinman A, Kupfer DJ, Mezzich J, Spitzer R, Lokar J|display-authors=6|author-link=Norman Sartorius|page=30-1|url-status=live|archive-date=2014-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323025330/http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/bluebook.pdf}}</ref>，抑鬱的[[經驗|經歷]]會影響一個人的[[思想]]、[[行為]]、[[動機]]、[[感覺]]和[[幸福]]感。<ref>{{cite journal|title=Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review|date=October 2019|journal=Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences|issue=5|doi=10.1017/S2045796018000227|volume=28|pages=544–562|pmc=7032752|pmid=29769159|vauthors=de Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P|doi-access=free}}</ref> 據稱抑鬱的核心症狀是[[失樂]]，指的是對某些通常給人們帶來快樂的活動失去興趣或失去愉悅感。<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Psychotherapy and counselling for depression|url=https://archive.org/details/psychotherapycou0000gilb|vauthors=Gilbert P|date=2007|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-1849203494|edition=3rd|location=Los Angeles|oclc=436076587}}</ref> 抑鬱情緒是某些[[情緒障礙]]的症狀，如[[重度抑鬱症]]或[[持续性抑郁症|持續性憂鬱症]]<ref name="DSM-5(2013)2">{{cite book|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)|year=2013|publisher=American Psychiatric Association}}</ref>；它是對生活事件的正常暫時反應，如失去親人； 它也是一些身體疾病的症狀，也是一些藥物和醫療的[[副作用]]。 它可能表現為[[悲傷]]、難以[[思考]]和集中[[注意力]]，[[食慾]]和[[睡眠]]時間顯著增加或減少。患有抑鬱的人可能會感到沮喪、絕望、無助<ref>{{cite web|title=Irritability, Anger Indicators of Complex, Severe JENNYTAN1018THDepression|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/810872|access-date=2017-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121022811/https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/810872|archive-date=2021-01-21|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Depression (major depressive disorder)|url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/basics/symptoms/con-20032977|access-date=2017-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605070307/http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/basics/symptoms/con-20032977|archive-date=2017-06-05|dead-url=no|quote=Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters}}</ref>和有自殺念頭。<ref>{{cite web|title=NIMH · Depression|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml|access-date=2017-05-19|work=nimh.nih.gov|agency=National Institute of Mental Health|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611091923/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml|archive-date=2013-06-11|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 它可以是短期的，也可以是長期的情緒狀態。 |
|||
抑郁可能是对创伤性事件的正常反应，也可能由疾病或药物副作用引起。情绪抑郁还是[[情感障礙|情感障碍]]的常见主要症状。 |
|||
==干预== |
==干预== |
||
抑郁可能是对创伤性事件的正常反应，也可能由生理疾病或药物副作用引起，不一定需要针对性的医疗干预。长期持续的抑郁情绪则可能属于情感障碍，经诊断后可以通过治疗缓解。为均衡使用药物的风险和收益，不应对短期的抑郁情绪随意使用抗抑郁药。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Key priorities for implementation {{!}} Depression in adults: recognition and management {{!}} Guidance {{!}} NICE|url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90/chapter/key-priorities-for-implementation|work=www.nice.org.uk|accessdate=2019-03-19}}</ref> |
抑郁可能是对创伤性事件的正常反应，也可能由生理疾病或药物副作用引起，不一定需要针对性的医疗干预。长期持续的抑郁情绪则可能属于情感障碍，经诊断后可以通过治疗缓解。为均衡使用药物的风险和收益，不应对短期的抑郁情绪随意使用抗抑郁药。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Key priorities for implementation {{!}} Depression in adults: recognition and management {{!}} Guidance {{!}} NICE|url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90/chapter/key-priorities-for-implementation|work=www.nice.org.uk|accessdate=2019-03-19|archive-date=2021-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121135808/https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90/chapter/Key-priorities-for-implementation|dead-url=no}}</ref> |
||
体育运动有防止抑郁的效果。<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies|url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194|last=Schuch|first=Felipe B.|last2=Vancampfort|first2=Davy|date=2018-7|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|issue=7|doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194|volume=175|pages=631–648|language=en|issn=0002-953X|last3=Firth|first3=Joseph|last4=Rosenbaum|first4=Simon|last5=Ward|first5=Philip B.|last6=Silva|first6=Edson S.|last7=Hallgren|first7=Mats|last8=Ponce De Leon|first8=Antonio|last9=Dunn|first9=Andrea L.}}</ref> |
体育运动有防止抑郁的效果。<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies|url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194|last=Schuch|first=Felipe B.|last2=Vancampfort|first2=Davy|date=2018-7|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|issue=7|doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194|volume=175|pages=631–648|language=en|issn=0002-953X|last3=Firth|first3=Joseph|last4=Rosenbaum|first4=Simon|last5=Ward|first5=Philip B.|last6=Silva|first6=Edson S.|last7=Hallgren|first7=Mats|last8=Ponce De Leon|first8=Antonio|last9=Dunn|first9=Andrea L.|access-date=2019-03-19|archive-date=2021-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301155933/https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194|dead-url=no}}</ref> |
||
== 參見 == |
== 參見 == |
||
| 第20行： | 第40行： | ||
* [[重度抑郁症|重度抑鬱症]] |
* [[重度抑郁症|重度抑鬱症]] |
||
==註釋== |
|||
{{notefoot}} |
|||
== 参考文献 == |
== 参考文献 == |
||
=== 引用 === |
=== 引用 === |
||
| 第39行： | 第61行： | ||
[[Category:心理学]] |
[[Category:心理学]] |
||
[[Category:异常心理学]] |
[[Category:异常心理学]] |
||
[[Category: |
[[Category:抑鬱]] |
||
[[Category:抑郁症]] |
|||
[[Category:精神诊断]] |
|||
[[Category:情绪紊乱]] |
|||
2024年9月11日 (三) 13:40的最新版本
| 抑郁 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 1892年被诊断患有忧郁症且伴随强烈自杀倾向人的石版画 | |
| 症状 | 情绪低落、厌恶活动、失去兴趣、失去快乐的感觉 |
| 类型 | 心境障碍、神經內科與生理學的症狀[*]、疾病 |
| 病因 | 脑化学、遗传学、生活事件、医疗条件、个性[1] |
| 风险因素 | 精神健康障碍的污名化[2] |
| 診斷方法 | 病人健康量表、贝克抑郁量表 |
| 鑑別診斷 | 焦虑、双相情绪障碍症、边缘型人格障碍 |
| 預防 | 社会关系、体育活动 |
| 治療 | 心理治疗、精神药理学 |
| 分类和外部资源 | |
| 醫學專科 | 精神病学，心理学 |
| ICD-11 | MB24.5 |
| ICD-10 | F3232、F3333 |
| OMIM | 608516 |
| DiseasesDB | 3589 |
| MedlinePlus | 003213 |
| 系列条目 |
| 情绪 |
|---|
 |
抑鬱[3]（depression，台湾译憂鬱），又译抑郁症[3]（台湾作忧郁症[4][註 1]），是一種情緒低落和厭惡活動的狀態[5]。 在醫學上被歸類為精神和行為障礙[6]，抑鬱的經歷會影響一個人的思想、行為、動機、感覺和幸福感。[7] 據稱抑鬱的核心症狀是失樂，指的是對某些通常給人們帶來快樂的活動失去興趣或失去愉悅感。[8] 抑鬱情緒是某些情緒障礙的症狀，如重度抑鬱症或持續性憂鬱症[9]；它是對生活事件的正常暫時反應，如失去親人； 它也是一些身體疾病的症狀，也是一些藥物和醫療的副作用。 它可能表現為悲傷、難以思考和集中注意力，食慾和睡眠時間顯著增加或減少。患有抑鬱的人可能會感到沮喪、絕望、無助[10][11]和有自殺念頭。[12] 它可以是短期的，也可以是長期的情緒狀態。
干预
[编辑]抑郁可能是对创伤性事件的正常反应，也可能由生理疾病或药物副作用引起，不一定需要针对性的医疗干预。长期持续的抑郁情绪则可能属于情感障碍，经诊断后可以通过治疗缓解。为均衡使用药物的风险和收益，不应对短期的抑郁情绪随意使用抗抑郁药。[13]
体育运动有防止抑郁的效果。[14]
參見
[编辑]註釋
[编辑]参考文献
[编辑]引用
[编辑]- ^ Depression. Cleveland Clinic. 2022 [2022年6月9日]. （原始内容存档于2022年7月22日）.
- ^ Shrivastava A, Bureau Y, Rewari N, Johnston M. Clinical risk of stigma and discrimination of mental illnesses: Need for objective assessment and quantification. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2013年4月, 55 (2): 178–82. PMC 3696244
. PMID 23825855. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.111459.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 医学名词审定委员会精神医学名词审定分委员会．精神医学名词 [S/OL]．北京：科学出版社, 2019: 38. 科学文库 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- ^ depression. 樂詞網. 國家教育研究院. （繁體中文）
- ^ NIMH » Depression Basics. www.nimh.nih.gov. 2016 [2020-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-16）.
- ^ Sartorius N, Henderson AS, Strotzka H, Lipowski Z, Yu-cun S, You-xin X, et al. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines (PDF). www.who.int World Health Organization: 30-1. [23 June 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-03-23）.
- ^ de Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P. Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. October 2019, 28 (5): 544–562. PMC 7032752 . PMID 29769159. doi:10.1017/S2045796018000227 .
- ^ Gilbert P. Psychotherapy and counselling for depression 3rd. Los Angeles: Sage. 2007. ISBN 978-1849203494. OCLC 436076587.
- ^ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association. 2013.
- ^ Irritability, Anger Indicators of Complex, Severe JENNYTAN1018THDepression. [2017-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-21）.
- ^ Depression (major depressive disorder). [2017-05-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-05）.
Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters
- ^ NIMH · Depression. nimh.nih.gov. National Institute of Mental Health. [2017-05-19]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-11）.
- ^ Key priorities for implementation | Depression in adults: recognition and management | Guidance | NICE. www.nice.org.uk. [2019-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-21）.
- ^ Schuch, Felipe B.; Vancampfort, Davy; Firth, Joseph; Rosenbaum, Simon; Ward, Philip B.; Silva, Edson S.; Hallgren, Mats; Ponce De Leon, Antonio; Dunn, Andrea L. Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2018-7, 175 (7): 631–648 [2019-03-19]. ISSN 0002-953X. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194. （原始内容存档于2021-03-01） （英语）.
来源
[编辑]- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2000a.
| ||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||
