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抑鬱:修订间差异

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{{About|一種情緒|長期憂鬱的精神狀態|憂鬱病|精神疾病|抑郁障碍||重性抑郁障碍}}
{{citation style|time=2017-07-05T10:45:36+00:00}}
{{about|一種情緒|以心境低落为特征的精神障礙|抑郁障碍|and|重性抑郁障碍}}
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{{地区用词|as=译|cn=抑鬱<ref name=cn/>|tw=憂鬱|start={{lang|en|depression}}}},又译{{地区用词|cn=抑郁症<ref name=cn>医学名词审定委员会精神医学名词审定分委员会.精神医学名词 [S/OL].北京:科学出版社, 2019: 38. [https://book.sciencereading.cn/shop/book/Booksimple/show.do?id=B8C36FD7ED246B112E053020B0A0AC9EE000 科学文库].</ref>|tw=忧郁症<ref>{{乐词网|term=depression}}</ref>{{注|中国大陆“忧-{}-郁症”指“[[melancholia]]。}}}},是一種[[心境|情緒]]低落和[[厭惡]]活動的狀態<ref>{{Cite web|title=NIMH » Depression Basics|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/index.shtml|access-date=2020-10-22|date=2016|website=www.nimh.nih.gov|archive-date=2009-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216075248/https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/index.shtml}}</ref> 在醫學上被歸類為[[精神障礙|精神]]和[[異常行為|行為]]障礙<ref>{{cite web|title=The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines|url=https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/bluebook.pdf|access-date=23 June 2021|website=www.who.int [[World Health Organization]]|vauthors=Sartorius N, Henderson AS, Strotzka H, Lipowski Z, Yu-cun S, You-xin X, Strömgren E, Glatzel J, Kühne GE, Misès R, Soldatos CR, Pull CB, Giel R, Jegede R, Malt U, Nadzharov RA, Smulevitch AB, Hagberg B, Perris C, Scharfetter C, Clare A, Cooper JE, Corbett JA, Edwards GJ, Gelder M, Goldberg D, Gossop M, Graham P, Kendell RE, Marks I, Russell G, Rutter M, Shepherd M, West DJ, Wing J, Wing L, Neki JS, Benson F, Cantwell D, Guze S, Helzer J, Holzman P, Kleinman A, Kupfer DJ, Mezzich J, Spitzer R, Lokar J|display-authors=6|author-link=Norman Sartorius|page=30-1|url-status=live|archive-date=2014-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323025330/http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/bluebook.pdf}}</ref>,抑鬱的[[經驗|經歷]]會影響一個人的[[思想]]、[[行為]]、[[動機]]、[[感覺]]和[[幸福]]感。<ref>{{cite journal|title=Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review|date=October 2019|journal=Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences|issue=5|doi=10.1017/S2045796018000227|volume=28|pages=544–562|pmc=7032752|pmid=29769159|vauthors=de Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P|doi-access=free}}</ref> 據稱抑鬱的核心症狀是[[失樂]],指的是對某些通常給人們帶來快樂的活動失去興趣或失去愉悅感。<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Psychotherapy and counselling for depression|url=https://archive.org/details/psychotherapycou0000gilb|vauthors=Gilbert P|date=2007|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-1849203494|edition=3rd|location=Los Angeles|oclc=436076587}}</ref> 抑鬱情緒是某些[[情緒障礙]]的症狀,如[[重度抑鬱症]]或[[持续性抑郁症|持續性憂鬱症]]<ref name="DSM-5(2013)2">{{cite book|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)|year=2013|publisher=American Psychiatric Association}}</ref>;它是對生活事件的正常暫時反應,如失去親人; 它也是一些身體疾病的症狀,也是一些藥物和醫療的[[副作用]]。 它可能表現為[[悲傷]]、難以[[思考]]和集中[[注意力]],[[食慾]]和[[睡眠]]時間顯著增加或減少。患有抑鬱的人可能會感到沮喪、絕望、無助<ref>{{cite web|title=Irritability, Anger Indicators of Complex, Severe JENNYTAN1018THDepression|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/810872|access-date=2017-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121022811/https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/810872|archive-date=2021-01-21|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Depression (major depressive disorder)|url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/basics/symptoms/con-20032977|access-date=2017-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605070307/http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/basics/symptoms/con-20032977|archive-date=2017-06-05|dead-url=no|quote=Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters}}</ref>和有自殺念頭。<ref>{{cite web|title=NIMH · Depression|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml|access-date=2017-05-19|work=nimh.nih.gov|agency=National Institute of Mental Health|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611091923/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml|archive-date=2013-06-11|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 它可以是短期的,也可以是長期的情緒狀態。
{{地区用词|as=译|cn=抑鬱<ref name=cn/>|tw=憂鬱|hk=抑鬱|start={{lang|en|depression}}}},又译{{地区用词|cn=抑郁症<ref name=cn>医学名词审定委员会精神医学名词审定分委员会.精神医学名词 [S/OL].北京:科学出版社, 2019: 38. [https://book.sciencereading.cn/shop/book/Booksimple/show.do?id=B8C36FD7ED246B112E053020B0A0AC9EE000 科学文库] {{Wayback|url=https://book.sciencereading.cn/shop/book/Booksimple/show.do?id=B8C36FD7ED246B112E053020B0A0AC9EE000 |date=20240515001244 }}.</ref>|tw=忧郁症<ref>{{乐词网|term=depression}}</ref>{{注|中国大陆“忧-{}-郁症”指“[[憂鬱病]]”(melancholia)。}}}},是一種[[心境|情緒]]低落和[[厭惡]]活動的狀態<ref>{{Cite web|title=NIMH » Depression Basics|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/index.shtml|access-date=2020-10-22|date=2016|website=www.nimh.nih.gov|archive-date=2009-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216075248/https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/index.shtml}}</ref> 在醫學上被歸類為[[精神障礙|精神]]和[[異常行為|行為]]障礙<ref>{{cite web|title=The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines|url=https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/bluebook.pdf|access-date=23 June 2021|website=www.who.int [[World Health Organization]]|vauthors=Sartorius N, Henderson AS, Strotzka H, Lipowski Z, Yu-cun S, You-xin X, Strömgren E, Glatzel J, Kühne GE, Misès R, Soldatos CR, Pull CB, Giel R, Jegede R, Malt U, Nadzharov RA, Smulevitch AB, Hagberg B, Perris C, Scharfetter C, Clare A, Cooper JE, Corbett JA, Edwards GJ, Gelder M, Goldberg D, Gossop M, Graham P, Kendell RE, Marks I, Russell G, Rutter M, Shepherd M, West DJ, Wing J, Wing L, Neki JS, Benson F, Cantwell D, Guze S, Helzer J, Holzman P, Kleinman A, Kupfer DJ, Mezzich J, Spitzer R, Lokar J|display-authors=6|author-link=Norman Sartorius|page=30-1|url-status=live|archive-date=2014-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323025330/http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/bluebook.pdf}}</ref>,抑鬱的[[經驗|經歷]]會影響一個人的[[思想]]、[[行為]]、[[動機]]、[[感覺]]和[[幸福]]感。<ref>{{cite journal|title=Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review|date=October 2019|journal=Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences|issue=5|doi=10.1017/S2045796018000227|volume=28|pages=544–562|pmc=7032752|pmid=29769159|vauthors=de Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P|doi-access=free}}</ref> 據稱抑鬱的核心症狀是[[失樂]],指的是對某些通常給人們帶來快樂的活動失去興趣或失去愉悅感。<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Psychotherapy and counselling for depression|url=https://archive.org/details/psychotherapycou0000gilb|vauthors=Gilbert P|date=2007|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-1849203494|edition=3rd|location=Los Angeles|oclc=436076587}}</ref> 抑鬱情緒是某些[[情緒障礙]]的症狀,如[[重度抑鬱症]]或[[持续性抑郁症|持續性憂鬱症]]<ref name="DSM-5(2013)2">{{cite book|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)|year=2013|publisher=American Psychiatric Association}}</ref>;它是對生活事件的正常暫時反應,如失去親人; 它也是一些身體疾病的症狀,也是一些藥物和醫療的[[副作用]]。 它可能表現為[[悲傷]]、難以[[思考]]和集中[[注意力]],[[食慾]]和[[睡眠]]時間顯著增加或減少。患有抑鬱的人可能會感到沮喪、絕望、無助<ref>{{cite web|title=Irritability, Anger Indicators of Complex, Severe JENNYTAN1018THDepression|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/810872|access-date=2017-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121022811/https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/810872|archive-date=2021-01-21|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Depression (major depressive disorder)|url=http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/basics/symptoms/con-20032977|access-date=2017-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605070307/http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/basics/symptoms/con-20032977|archive-date=2017-06-05|dead-url=no|quote=Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters}}</ref>和有自殺念頭。<ref>{{cite web|title=NIMH · Depression|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml|access-date=2017-05-19|work=nimh.nih.gov|agency=National Institute of Mental Health|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611091923/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml|archive-date=2013-06-11|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 它可以是短期的,也可以是長期的情緒狀態。


==干预==
==干预==

2024年9月26日 (四) 13:40的最新版本

抑郁
1892年被诊断患有忧郁症且伴随强烈自杀倾向人的石版画
症状情绪低落、厌恶活动、失去兴趣、失去快乐的感觉
类型心境障碍神經內科與生理學的症狀[*]疾病
病因脑化学、遗传学、生活事件、医疗条件、个性[1]
风险因素精神健康障碍的污名化[2]
診斷方法病人健康量表英语Patient Health Questionnaire贝克抑郁量表
鑑別診斷焦虑双相情绪障碍症边缘型人格障碍
預防社会关系、体育活动
治療心理治疗精神药理学
分类和外部资源
醫學專科精神病学心理学
ICD-11MB24.5
ICD-10F3232、​F3333
OMIM608516
DiseasesDB3589
MedlinePlus003213
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

抑鬱[3]depression,香港译抑鬱,台湾译憂鬱),又译抑郁症[3](台湾作忧郁症[4][註 1]),是一種情緒低落和厭惡活動的狀態[5]。 在醫學上被歸類為精神行為障礙[6],抑鬱的經歷會影響一個人的思想行為動機感覺幸福感。[7] 據稱抑鬱的核心症狀是失樂,指的是對某些通常給人們帶來快樂的活動失去興趣或失去愉悅感。[8] 抑鬱情緒是某些情緒障礙的症狀,如重度抑鬱症持續性憂鬱症[9];它是對生活事件的正常暫時反應,如失去親人; 它也是一些身體疾病的症狀,也是一些藥物和醫療的副作用。 它可能表現為悲傷、難以思考和集中注意力食慾睡眠時間顯著增加或減少。患有抑鬱的人可能會感到沮喪、絕望、無助[10][11]和有自殺念頭。[12] 它可以是短期的,也可以是長期的情緒狀態。

干预

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抑郁可能是对创伤性事件的正常反应,也可能由生理疾病或药物副作用引起,不一定需要针对性的医疗干预。长期持续的抑郁情绪则可能属于情感障碍,经诊断后可以通过治疗缓解。为均衡使用药物的风险和收益,不应对短期的抑郁情绪随意使用抗抑郁药。[13]

体育运动有防止抑郁的效果。[14]

參見

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註釋

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  1. ^ 中国大陆“忧郁症”指“憂鬱病”(melancholia)。

参考文献

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引用

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  1. ^ Depression. Cleveland Clinic. 2022 [2022年6月9日]. (原始内容存档于2022年7月22日). 
  2. ^ Shrivastava A, Bureau Y, Rewari N, Johnston M. Clinical risk of stigma and discrimination of mental illnesses: Need for objective assessment and quantification. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2013年4月, 55 (2): 178–82. PMC 3696244可免费查阅. PMID 23825855. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.111459. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 医学名词审定委员会精神医学名词审定分委员会.精神医学名词 [S/OL].北京:科学出版社, 2019: 38. 科学文库页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  4. ^ depression. 樂詞網. 國家教育研究院.  (繁體中文)
  5. ^ NIMH » Depression Basics. www.nimh.nih.gov. 2016 [2020-10-22]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-16). 
  6. ^ Sartorius N, Henderson AS, Strotzka H, Lipowski Z, Yu-cun S, You-xin X, et al. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines (PDF). www.who.int World Health Organization: 30-1. [23 June 2021]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-03-23). 
  7. ^ de Zwart PL, Jeronimus BF, de Jonge P. Empirical evidence for definitions of episode, remission, recovery, relapse and recurrence in depression: a systematic review. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. October 2019, 28 (5): 544–562. PMC 7032752可免费查阅. PMID 29769159. doi:10.1017/S2045796018000227可免费查阅. 
  8. ^ Gilbert P. Psychotherapy and counselling for depression 3rd. Los Angeles: Sage. 2007. ISBN 978-1849203494. OCLC 436076587. 
  9. ^ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. 
  10. ^ Irritability, Anger Indicators of Complex, Severe JENNYTAN1018THDepression. [2017-05-20]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-21). 
  11. ^ Depression (major depressive disorder). [2017-05-20]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-05). Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters 
  12. ^ NIMH · Depression. nimh.nih.gov. National Institute of Mental Health. [2017-05-19]. (原始内容存档于2013-06-11). 
  13. ^ Key priorities for implementation | Depression in adults: recognition and management | Guidance | NICE. www.nice.org.uk. [2019-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-21). 
  14. ^ Schuch, Felipe B.; Vancampfort, Davy; Firth, Joseph; Rosenbaum, Simon; Ward, Philip B.; Silva, Edson S.; Hallgren, Mats; Ponce De Leon, Antonio; Dunn, Andrea L. Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2018-7, 175 (7): 631–648 [2019-03-19]. ISSN 0002-953X. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194. (原始内容存档于2021-03-01) (英语). 

来源

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  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2000a.