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'''弗里德里希·卡尔·约翰尼斯·提艾利'''（{{lang|de|'''Friedrich Karl Johannes Thiele'''}}，{{bd|1865年|5月13日|1918年|4月17日}}）是一个德国化学家，他是[[慕尼黑大学]]和[[斯特拉斯堡大学]]等多所大学的著名教授。他研发了很多与有机化合物的分离相关的实验室技术。1917年，他描述了一个能精确测定熔点的仪器， |
'''弗里德里希·卡尔·约翰尼斯·提艾利'''（{{lang|de|'''Friedrich Karl Johannes Thiele'''}}，{{bd|1865年|5月13日|1918年|4月17日}}）是一个德国化学家，他是[[慕尼黑大学]]和[[斯特拉斯堡大学]]等多所大学的著名教授。提艾利（Thiele）又译作'''悌勒'''、'''蒂勒'''。他研发了很多与有机化合物的分离相关的实验室技术。1917年，他描述了一个能精确测定熔点的仪器，[[Thiele管]]就他的名字命名。<ref>{{cite journal | author = | title = Johannes Thiele| journal = Zeitschrift für Angewandte Chemie| volume = 31 | issue = 49 | pages = 117–118 | year = 1918 | doi = 10.1002/ange.19180314901}}</ref> |
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提艾利出生于[[普鲁士]]拉蒂博（现[[波兰]][[拉席波尔兹]]）<ref>{{cite journal | author = Fritz Straus | title = Obituary: Johannes Thiele (1865-1918) | journal = Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft | volume = 60 | issue = 6 | pages = A75–A132 | year = 1927 | doi = 10.1002/cber.19270600633 }}</ref>，曾在[[布列斯劳大学]]研究数学，后来转为研究化学，1890年获得[[哈雷-维滕贝格大学]]博士学位。1893年至1902年间，他在慕尼黑大学教书，这段时间他也被[[斯特拉斯堡大学]]任命为化学教授。<ref>{{cite journal| last = Thiele | first = Friedrich Karl Johannes | title = A Dictionary of Scientists | volume = 1 | pages = | publisher = Oxford University Press | place = Oxford | year = 1999 | url = http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t84.e1364 }}</ref> |
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was a [[Germans|German]] [[chemist]] and a prominent professor at several universities, including those in [[Munich]] and [[Strasbourg]]. He developed many laboratory techniques related to isolation of organic compounds. In 1917 he described a device for the accurate determination of [[melting point]]s, since named [[Thiele tube]] after him.<ref>{{cite journal | author = | title = Johannes Thiele| journal = Zeitschrift für Angewandte Chemie| volume = 31 | issue = 49 | pages = 117–118 | year = 1918 | doi = 10.1002/ange.19180314901}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | 提艾利研发制备[[乙二醛双-丙脒腙]]的方法<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Freedlander | first1 = B.L. | last2 = French | first2 = Frederic A. | title =Carcinostatic Action of Polycarbonyl Compounds and Their Derivatives II. Glyoxal Bis(Guanylhydrazone) and Derivatives | journal =Cancer res. | volume = 18 | issue = 3| pages =360–363 | publisher = | location = | date = | year =1958 | url = http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/reprint/18/3/360.pdf | issn = | pmid = 13523604 }}</ref> |
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Thiele was born in Ratibor, [[Prussia]], now [[Racibórz]], [[Poland]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Fritz Straus | title = Obituary: Johannes Thiele (1865-1918) | journal = Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft | volume = 60 | issue = 6 | pages = A75–A132 | year = 1927 | doi = 10.1002/cber.19270600633 }}</ref> Thiele studied [[mathematics]] at the [[University of Breslau]] but later turned to chemistry, receiving his [[doctorate]] from [[University of Halle-Wittenberg|Halle]] in 1890 . He taught at the [[University of Munich]] from 1893 to 1902 , when he was appointed professor of chemistry at [[Strasbourg]].<ref> |
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{{cite journal| last = Thiele | first = Friedrich Karl Johannes | title = A Dictionary of Scientists | volume = 1 | pages = | publisher = Oxford University Press | place = Oxford | year = 1999 | url = http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t84.e1364 }}</ref> |
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1865年[[弗里德里希·奥古斯特·凯库勒·冯·斯特拉多尼茨|凯库勒]]提出[[芳香性|苯的结构]]之后，他提出“余价学说”用以解释碳碳双键和叁键结构在反应中的活泼现象。 |
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这导致了1899年对[[苯]]的共振论的预测，预测也提出一个共振结构 This led to the prediction of the [[resonance (chemistry)|resonance]] that existed in [[benzene]] in 1899 and proposed a resonance structure, by using a broken circle to represent the partial bonds. Later this problem was completely solved with the arrival of [[Quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]. |
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In 1899, Thiele was head of [[Organic Chemistry]] at the [[Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities|Bavarian Academy of Sciences]] in [[Munich]]. With his associate Otto Holzinger, he synthesised an iminodibenzyl nucleus: two benzene rings attached together by a nitrogen atom and an ethylene bridge.<ref>{{Cite book | last=Shorter | first=Edward | coauthors= | title=A historical dictionary of psychiatry | year=2005 | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=New York | isbn=0195176685 | pages=}}</ref> |
In 1899, Thiele was head of [[Organic Chemistry]] at the [[Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities|Bavarian Academy of Sciences]] in [[Munich]]. With his associate Otto Holzinger, he synthesised an iminodibenzyl nucleus: two benzene rings attached together by a nitrogen atom and an ethylene bridge.<ref>{{Cite book | last=Shorter | first=Edward | coauthors= | title=A historical dictionary of psychiatry | year=2005 | publisher=Oxford University Press | location=New York | isbn=0195176685 | pages=}}</ref> |
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2011年5月5日 (四) 06:39的版本
| 弗里德里希·卡尔·约翰尼斯·提艾利 | |
|---|---|
.JPG) 弗里德里希·卡尔·约翰尼斯·提艾利（前排左二）和化学系内其他人的合照，摄于1893年 | |
| 出生 | 1865年5月13日 普鲁士拉蒂博 现波兰拉席波尔兹 |
| 逝世 | 1918年4月17日（52歲） 德意志帝国斯特拉斯堡 现法国斯特拉斯堡 |
| 国籍 |  德国 |
| 母校 | 哈雷-维滕贝格大学 |
| 知名于 | Thiele管 |
| 科学生涯 | |
| 研究领域 | 化学 |
| 机构 | 慕尼黑大学 斯特拉斯堡大学 |
| 博士導師 | 雅各布·福尔哈德 |
| 博士生 | 海因里希·奥托·威兰 杰克布·迈森海默 赫曼·施陶丁格 奥托·迪姆罗特 罗伯特·H·皮卡德爵士[1] |
弗里德里希·卡尔·约翰尼斯·提艾利（Friedrich Karl Johannes Thiele，1865年5月13日—1918年4月17日）是一个德国化学家，他是慕尼黑大学和斯特拉斯堡大学等多所大学的著名教授。提艾利（Thiele）又译作悌勒、蒂勒。他研发了很多与有机化合物的分离相关的实验室技术。1917年，他描述了一个能精确测定熔点的仪器，Thiele管就他的名字命名。[2]
提艾利出生于普鲁士拉蒂博（现波兰拉席波尔兹）[3]，曾在布列斯劳大学研究数学，后来转为研究化学，1890年获得哈雷-维滕贝格大学博士学位。1893年至1902年间，他在慕尼黑大学教书，这段时间他也被斯特拉斯堡大学任命为化学教授。[4]
1865年凯库勒提出苯的结构之后，他提出“余价学说”用以解释碳碳双键和叁键结构在反应中的活泼现象。
这导致了1899年对苯的共振论的预测，预测也提出一个共振结构 This led to the prediction of the resonance that existed in benzene in 1899 and proposed a resonance structure, by using a broken circle to represent the partial bonds. Later this problem was completely solved with the arrival of quantum theory.
In 1899, Thiele was head of Organic Chemistry at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich. With his associate Otto Holzinger, he synthesised an iminodibenzyl nucleus: two benzene rings attached together by a nitrogen atom and an ethylene bridge.[6]
He discovered the condensation of ketones and aldehydes with cyclopentadiene as a route to fulvenes. He also recognized that these deeply colored species were related to but isomeric with benzene derivatives.[7]
According to one of his students Heinrich Otto Wieland, Thiele had a dislike of the chemistry of natural products.[8]
参考资料
- ^ Aftalion, Fred. A history of the international chemical industry. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1991. ISBN 0812282078.
- ^ Johannes Thiele. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Chemie. 1918, 31 (49): 117–118. doi:10.1002/ange.19180314901.
- ^ Fritz Straus. Obituary: Johannes Thiele (1865-1918). Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft. 1927, 60 (6): A75–A132. doi:10.1002/cber.19270600633.
- ^ Thiele, Friedrich Karl Johannes. A Dictionary of Scientists 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1999.
- ^ Freedlander, B.L.; French, Frederic A. Carcinostatic Action of Polycarbonyl Compounds and Their Derivatives II. Glyoxal Bis(Guanylhydrazone) and Derivatives (PDF). Cancer res. 1958, 18 (3): 360–363. PMID 13523604.
- ^ Shorter, Edward. A historical dictionary of psychiatry. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005. ISBN 0195176685.
- ^ Thiele, J. Ueber Ketonreactionen bei dem Cyclopentadiën. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft. 1900, 33 (1): 666–673. doi:10.1002/cber.190003301113.
- ^ Bynum, Ed. W. F.; Porter, Roy (编). Friedrich Karl Johannes Thiele. The Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006.