User:Caiguanhao/Temp2
| Caiguanhao/Temp2 | |
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| IUPAC名 Dibenzo-1-chloro-1,4-arsenine | |
| 系统名 10-Chloro-5,10-dihydrophenarsazinine | |
| 别名 | 10-Chloro-5H-phenarsazinine Diphenylaminechlorarsine |
| 识别 | |
| 缩写 | DM |
| CAS号 | 578-94-9 
|
| PubChem | 11362 |
| ChemSpider | 10884 |
| SMILES |
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| InChI |
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| InChIKey | PBNSPNYJYOYWTA-UHFFFAOYAA |
| EINECS | 209-433-1 |
| MeSH | Phenarsazine+chloride |
| 性质 | |
| 化学式 | C12H9AsClN |
| 摩尔质量 | 277.58 g·mol−1 |
| 外观 | 黄绿色晶体 |
| 熔点 | 195 °C（468 K） |
| 沸点 | 410 °C（683 K） |
| 溶解性（水） | 0.064 g dm-3 |
| 若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。 | |
亚当氏毒气（Adamsite），或二苯胺氯胂（diphenylaminechlorarsine，简称DM），是一种有机化合物，可作防暴用途。DM属于 belongs to the group of chemical warfare agents known as vomiting agents or sneeze gases.[1] 1915年，德国化学家海因里希·奥托·威兰第一次成功合成DM，1918年在伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的美国化学家罗杰·亚当斯也成功地自主合成DM。DM was produced and stockpiled by the Americans at the end of World War I, but never deployed on the battlefield. It was, however, used against the Bonus Army who demonstrated in Washington, DC, during the spring and summer of 1932, reportedly causing the death and serious injury of several children who had accompanied their parents on the protests.
DM是一种无臭晶体状化合物，它的蒸气压很低。晶体颜色根据纯度高低从深绿到淡黄之间变化。易溶于一些有机溶剂，如丙酮、二氯甲烷，但几乎不溶于水。气态时呈现为淡黄色烟雾。[2]
Adamsite is usually dispersed as an aerosol, making the upper respiratory tract the primary site of action. Although the effects are similar to those caused by typical riot control agents (e.g. CS), they are slower in onset and longer in duration, often lasting several hours.[1] After a latency period of 5–10 minutes irritation of the eyes, lungs and mucous membranes develops followed by headache, nausea and persistent vomiting.[1]
现在DM被认为是过时产品，它已被其他毒性更少且见效更快的防暴剂广泛替代，如CS催泪性毒气。早期战场用“亚当氏毒气蜡烛”，大条金属管含有发烟剂，发烟剂是由亚当氏毒气和缓燃的烟火剂组成。通过点燃一连串蜡烛，大量亚当氏毒气飘向敌方。
朝鲜被指在其阿吾地里化学联合企业所（Aoji-ri Chemical Complex）生产和储备亚当氏毒气[3]。
参考资料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Committee on Review and Evaluation of the Army Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel Disposal Program, U.S. National Research Council. Disposal of Chemical Agent Identification Sets, (Google Books), p. 15, National Academies Press, 1999, (ISBN 0-309-06879-7).
- ^ Adamsite (DM) Vomiting Agent. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. August 22, 2008. Retrieved December 22, 2008.
- ^ Chemical Agents: Adamsite. Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI). March 2003.