無線感測網路

传感器网络是由许多空间分布的装置组成的一种计算机网络，这些装置使用传感器监控不同位置的条件（比如温度、声音、振动、压力、运动或污染物）。通常这些装置很小很便宜，以便可以大量制造和部署，因此它们的资源（能源、存储、计算速度和带宽）严重受限。每个装置都具备一个无线电收发器、一个很小的微控制器和一个能源（通常为电池）。这些装置互相帮助，将数据传输到一台监控计算机。

传感器网络主要包括三个方面：感应，通讯，计算（硬件，软件，算法）。其中的关键技术主要有无线数据库技术，比如使用在无线传感器网络的查询，和用于和其他传感器通讯的网络技术，特别是多次跳跃路由协议。例如摩托罗拉使用在家庭控制系统中的ZigBee无线协议。

应用

Sensor networks are applied in a wide variety of areas, such as video surveillance, traffic monitoring, air traffic control, robotics, cars, home and health monitoring and manufacturing and industrial automation. One typical application in environmental monitoring is Sensor Web. Sensor networks are an up-and-coming technology in the aerospace sector, notably for structural and system health monitoring, where it is particularly advantageous to have a distribution of sensors around the airframe, especially in inaccessible areas.

操作

The networks usually self-organize in order to cope with changes. Data from the sensors is usually aggregated and analyzed by a computer outside the network. This computer is connected to the network by a special network node called a gateway node or sink or base station.

历史

The early sensor networks were designed for military purposes, like the Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) during the Cold War. Modern research on sensor networks started around 1980 at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA): Distributed Sensor Networks (DSN) program. Smaller computing chips, more capable sensors, wireless networks, and other new IT technologies are pushing the development of sensor networks.

相关资料

• Wireless sensor networks
• Sensor Web
• Smartdust
• TinyOS
• Contiki

External links

• Akyildiz, I.F., W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci, "A Survey on Sensor Networks", IEEE Communications Magazine, August, 102–114 (2002). PDF version
• Chee-Yee Chong; Kumar, S.P., "Sensor networks: Evolution, opportunities, and challenges," Proc. IEEE,August 2003. (PDF version)
• Lecture on sensor networks
• OGC Standards work for web accessible sensor networks
• Textbook on sensor networks under the GNU FDL
• TECO Particle Web Site.
• BiSNET: Biologically-inspired architecture for Sensor NETworks Web Site.
• ZigbeeMania Resource site for sensor networks built on top of Zigbee and 802.15.4. Contains resources on Zigbee and 802.15.4, applications examples and links to Zigbee solution providers