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Pagtaram

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Pagtaram

An pagtaram iyo an sarong naka-tingog na porma nin komunikasyon nin tawo. Piggagamit sa parati an pagtaram sa aro-aldaw na pamumuhay. Huli sa pagtaram natatawan nin mga posibilidad an mga pangyayari o an mga mawot na ipasabot o ipahayag sa iba. Nakakatabang man ini sa paagi kan pakikipag-ugnayan sa kapwa.

Ebolusyon

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Minsan ngani may kinaaraman sa urog na pangkagabsan na problema kan ginikanan kan tataramon, an ebolusyon kan daing-siring na kakayahan sa pagtaram nin tawo nagin nalalaen asin sa dakol na paagi na suhay na rona kan siyentipikong pagsaligsig.[1][2][3][4][5] An tema sarong suhay na tema huli ta an sarong tataramon dai kinakaipuhan na itaram: pwede iyan na isurat o isenyas. An pagtaram sa sentidong ini sarong opsyonal, minsan ngani iyo iyan an default modality para sa tataramon.

Mga lugar nin artikulasyon (passive asin active):
1. Exo-labial, 2. Endo-labial, 3. Dental, 4. Alveolar, 5. Post-alveolar, 6. Pre-palatal, 7. Palatal, 8. Velar, 9. Uvular, 10. Pharyngeal, 11. Glottal, 12. Epiglottal, 13. Radical, 14. Postero-dorsal, 15. Antero-dorsal, 16. Laminal, 17. Apical, 18. Sub-apical

Toltolan

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  1. ↑ Hockett, Charles F. (1960). "The Origin of Speech". Scientific American 203 (3): 88–96. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0960-88. PMID 14402211. Bibcode: 1960SciAm.203c..88H. Archived from the original on 2014-01-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20140106173517/http://www.gifted.ucalgary.ca/dflynn/files/dflynn/Hockett60.pdf. Retrieved on 2014-01-06. 
  2. ↑ Corballis, Michael C. (2002). From hand to mouth : the origins of languageFree registration required. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-08803-7. OCLC 469431753. 
  3. ↑ Lieberman, Philip (1984). The biology and evolution of language. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674074132. OCLC 10071298. 
  4. ↑ Lieberman, Philip (2000). Human language and our reptilian brain : the subcortical bases of speech, syntax, and thought. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 44. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1353/pbm.2001.0011. ISBN 9780674002265. OCLC 43207451. PMID 11253303.  Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Abry, Christian; Boë, Louis-Jean; Laboissière, Rafael; Schwartz, Jean-Luc (1998). "A new puzzle for the evolution of speech?". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (4): 512–513. doi:10.1017/S0140525X98231268. 
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