Original Word: שָׁלַם
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: shalam
Pronunciation: shah-LAHM
Phonetic Spelling: (shaw-lam')
Definition: To be complete, to be sound, to make amends, to finish, to repay, to reward
Meaning: to be safe, to be, completed, to be friendly, to reciprocate

Word Origin: A primitive root

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - G591 (apodidōmi): To give back, to repay

- G4137 (plēroō): To make full, to complete

Usage: The Hebrew verb "shalam" primarily conveys the idea of completeness or wholeness. It is often used in contexts involving restitution, fulfillment of vows, or the completion of a task. The word can imply making peace or restoring a relationship, as well as the act of repaying or recompensing someone. In the context of the covenant, it can refer to fulfilling obligations or making things right.

Cultural and Historical Background: In ancient Israelite society, the concept of "shalom" (peace) was deeply rooted in the idea of wholeness and harmony in relationships, whether between individuals, communities, or with God. The verb "shalam" is closely related to "shalom" and reflects the actions necessary to achieve or restore this state of peace. In a culture where community and covenant relationships were central, making amends and fulfilling obligations were crucial for maintaining social and spiritual harmony.

[שָׁלֵם]₁₀₃ verb be complete, sound (Late Hebrew id. (Jastr), Phoenician שלם Pi`el complete, requite, especially in proper name, Lzb³⁷⁶ GACooke^{99, also 81, 111, etc.}; Arabic be safe, secure, free from fault, II. make over, resign to, IV. resign or submit oneself, especially to God, whence participle Muslim, and infinitive Isl¹m properly submission to God; Assyrian šalâmu, be complete, unharmed, be paid; Aramaic שְׁלֵים, be complete, safe, ᵑ7 peaceful; Old Aramaic שלם reward, repay (Pa; in proper name); compare Sabean סלם peace Hom^{Chr 124}, Arabic , also safety, security; Assyrian šulmu, welfare; Ethiopic Di³²² security peace; Aramaic שְׁלָמָא, security, welfare, Old Aramaic שלם Lzb³⁷⁶, especially = submission, in proper name RS^{Sem.79 f.}; Bondi⁷⁰ (after Brugsch), compare šarm¹, greet, do homage, as loan-word in Egyptian); —

Qal Perfect3plural שָֽׁלְמוּ Isaiah 60:20; Imperfect3masculine singular וַיִּשְׁלָ֑ם Job 9:4; feminine תַּשְׁלַם 1 Kings 7:51 2t.; —

1 be complete, finished, ended: temple 1 Kings 7:51 2Chronicles 5:1; walls of city Nehemiah 6:15; of time Isaiah 60:20.

2 be sound, uninjured, Job 9:4.

Pi`el₈₉ Perfect3masculine singular שִׁלַּם Leviticus 5:24 +, 1 singular וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֫י Jeremiah 16:18 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יְשַׁלֵּם Exodus 21:34 +; suffix יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה Leviticus 24:18 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שַׁלֵּם Ecclesiastes 5:3 + Eccl 50:14, etc.; Infinitive absolute שַׁלֵּם Exodus 21:36 +; construct id. Proverbs 22:27, etc.; Participle מְשַׁלֵּם Deuteronomy 7:10 +, etc.; —

1 complete, finish, temple 1 Kings 9:25.

2 make safe, with accusative Job 8:6.

3 make whole or good, restore thing lost Joel 2:25, or stolen Exodus 21:37 (E); pay a debt 2 Kings 4:7; Psalm 37:21 Proverbs 22:27 Job 41:3; make compensation, for injury Leviticus 24:18,21 (P); for trespass in sacred things Leviticus 5:16 (P).

4 make good, i.e. pay, vows, with accusative נֶדֶר Deuteronomy 23:22; 2 Samuel 15:7 9t., + (with ל to God) Psalm 50:14; Psalm 66:13; Psalm 116:14; Psalm 116:18; object omitted Psalm 76:12; absolute Isaiah 19:21; with accusative תּוֺדוֺת with ל to God Psalm 56:13; פרים שׂפתינו Hosea 14:3.

5 requite, recompense, reward, good 1 Samuel 24:20; Ruth 2:12; evil Isaiah 65:6; Jeremiah 51:56; with ל person Deuteronomy 7:10 4t., + (with accusative of thing) Jeremiah 51:24; אל person Job 21:19; acc of thing Proverbs 20:22; Jeremiah 16:18; שְׁלַּם גְּמוּל לְ Isaiah 59:18 (twice in verse) (but see I.שִׁלֵּם), Isaiah 66:6 + (see גְּמוּל); מֹּעַל לְ ׳שׁ Job 34:11; גְּמוּל עַל ׳שׁ Joel 4:4; עַל חֵיק Isaiah 65:6; אֶלחַֿיק Jeremiah 32:18; with ל person and כ of deeds, ׳שׁ reward according to one's works 2 Samuel 3:39 3t.; accusative of person Psalm 31:24; accusative of thing רעה תחת טובה ׳שׁ Genesis 44:4 (J) + Genesis 35:12; Genesis 38:21 (read מְשַׁלְּמֵנִי).

Pu`al Imperfect3masculine singular יְשֻׁלַּם Psalm 65:2; Jeremiah 18:20; יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם Proverbs 11:31; Proverbs 13:13; —

1 be performed, of vow Psalm 65:2.

2 be repaid, requited, Jeremiah 18:20; Proverbs 11:31; Proverbs 13:13.

Hiph`il 1. complete, perform: Imperfect3masculine singular יַשְׁלִים Job 23:14; Isaiah 44:26, יַשְׁלִם V:28.

2 make an end of, 2 masculine singular suffix תֵּשְׁלִימֵנִי Isaiah 38:12,13 (ᵐ5 Du Marti deliver up to pains, as in Aramaic).

[שָׁלַם] verb denominative be in covenant of peace;-

Qal Imperative שְׁלָ֑ם Job 22:21 be at peace (in covt.); Participle suffix שׁוֺלְמִי Psalm 7:5 i.e. my ally, friend (compare Psalm 41:10); Participle pass construct שְׁלֻמֵי 2 Samuel 20:19, read שָׂמוּ ᵐ5 Ew^{G iii. 264} Dr (compare We) HPS and modern

Pu`al Participle מְשֻׁלָּם Isaiah 42:19 one in covenant of peace (with ׳י; but ᵐ5 משְׁלָם their ruler, so Che^Hpt; Ges Hi Ew and others one resigned (to God), read then מָשְׁלָם, compare √, Arabic IV.; Krochm Grä Marti מְשֻׁלָּחַי).

Hiph`il Perfect3feminine singular הִשְׁלִ֫ימָה Joshua 10:4; Joshua 11:19; 3masculine plural הִשְׁלִ֫ימוּ Joshua 10:1; Imperfect יַשְׁלִים Isaiah 44:26 +, יַשְׁלִם Proverbs 16:7; וַיַּשְׁלֵם 1 Kings 22:45, etc.; —

1 make peace with, אֶת, Joshua 10:1,4; 2 Samuel 10:19 = 1 Chronicles 19:19 (עִם); עִם Deuteronomy 20:12; 1 Kings 22:45; with אֶל pregnantly Joshua 11:19 submitting unto.

2 cause to be at peace, אֶת, Proverbs 16:7.

Hoph`al Perfect3feminine singular הָשְׁלְאָה Job 5:23 live in peace with, לְ ("" ברית).

[שְׁלֵם] verb be complete (see Biblical Hebrew; Egyptian Aramaic שלם pay in full Cooke⁴⁰⁴ = S-C^{L 5. 7}); —

Pe`al Participle pass, שְׁלִם Ezra 5:16 finished, of temple.

Haph`el Perfect3masculine singular suffix הַשְׁלְמַהּ Daniel 5:26 God has finished it (the kingdom; brought it to an end); Imperative masculine singular הַשְׁלֵם Ezra 7:19 render in full, accusative of thing (compare Syriac Aph`el, BeRy Berthol), followed by קֳדָם dei.

make amends, make an end, finish, full, give again, make good, repay again

A primitive root; to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate (in various applications) -- make amends, (make an) end, finish, full, give again, make good, (re-)pay (again), (make) (to) (be at) peace(-able), that is perfect, perform, (make) prosper(-ous), recompense, render, requite, make restitution, restore, reward, X surely.

אֲ֝שַׁלֵּ֗ם אֲשַׁלְּמָה־ אֲשַׁלֵּ֑ם אֲשַׁלֵּ֑מָה אֲשַׁלֵּ֖ם אֲשַׁלֵּֽם׃ אשלם אשלם׃ אשלמה אשלמה־ הִשְׁלִ֙ימָה֙ הִשְׁלִ֜ימוּ הִשְׁלִ֥ימָה הַיְשֻׁלַּ֤ם הָשְׁלְמָה־ הישלם השלימה השלימו השלמה־ וְ֝שִׁלַּ֗ם וְשִׁלֵּֽמוּ׃ וְשִׁלַּ֖ם וְשִׁלַּ֤ם וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֖י וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֣י וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֤י וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֥י וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֨י וְשַׁלְּמִ֖י וְשַׁלְּמוּ֮ וְשַׁלֵּ֖ם וְשָׁלְמ֖וּ וַֽאֲשַׁלְּמָ֥ה וַאֲשַׁלֵּ֑ם וַאֲשַׁלֵּ֛ם וַאֲשַׁלֵּ֧ם וַיִּשְׁלָֽם׃ וַיַּשְׁלִ֥ימוּ וַיַּשְׁלִ֥מוּ וַיַּשְׁלֵ֥ם וַתִּשְׁלַם֙ וּֽנְשַׁלְּמָ֥ה וּמְשַׁלְּמֵ֣י וּמְשַׁלֵּ֥ם וּמְשַׁלֵּ֧ם וּמְשַׁלֵּם֙ וּשְׁלם ואשלם ואשלמה וישלימו וישלם וישלם׃ וישלמו ומשלם ומשלמי ונשלמה ושלם ושלמו ושלמו׃ ושלמי ושלמתי ותשלם יְשַׁלְּמ֣וּנִי יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה יְשַׁלְמֶ֨נָּה יְשַׁלֵּ֑ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם יְשַׁלֵּ֖ם יְשַׁלֵּ֗ם יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּ֧ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ יְשַׁלֵּם֙ יְשַׁלֶּם־ יְשַׁלֶּמְךָ֣ יְשֻׁלַּם־ יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם יְשֻׁלָּֽם׃ יַשְׁלִ֑ים יַשְׁלִ֑ם יַשְׁלִ֣ים יַשְׁלִ֥ם ישלים ישלם ישלם־ ישלם׃ ישלמוני ישלמך ישלמנה כִּמְשֻׁלָּ֔ם כמשלם לְֽשַׁלְּמִ֥י לְשַׁלְּמ֑וֹ לְשַׁלְּמ֔וֹ לְשַׁלֵּ֑ם לשלם לשלמו לשלמי מְשַׁלְּמִ֣ים מְשַׁלֵּ֖ם מְשַׁלֵּ֥ם משלם משלמים שְׁלֻמֵ֖י שִׁלַּ֔מְתִּי שִׁלַּ֥מְתִּי שִׁלַּם־ שִׁלַּמְתֶּ֥ם שֶׁיְשַׁלֶּם־ שַׁלְּמִ֣י שַׁלְּמוּ־ שַׁלֵּ֣ם שַׁלֵּ֥ם שַׁלֵּ֨ם שַׁלֵּֽם׃ שֽׁוֹלְמִ֥י שולמי שישלם־ שלם שלם־ שלם׃ שלמו־ שלמי שלמתי שלמתם תְשַׁלֵּ֖ם תְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ תַּשְׁלִימֵֽנִי׃ תַשְׁלִים֙ תשלים תשלימני׃ תשלם תשלם׃ ’ă·šal·lê·māh ’ă·šal·lə·māh- ’ă·šal·lêm ’ăšallêm ’ăšallêmāh ’ăšalləmāh- ashalLem ashallemah hā·šə·lə·māh- hāšələmāh- hashelemah hay·šul·lam hayshulLam hayšullam hiš·lî·māh hiš·lî·mū hishLimah hishLimu hišlîmāh hišlîmū kim·šul·lām kimshulLam kimšullām lə·šal·lə·mî lə·šal·lə·mōw lə·šal·lêm ləšallêm ləšalləmî ləšalləmōw leshalLem leshalleMi leshalleMo mə·šal·lə·mîm mə·šal·lêm məšallêm məšalləmîm meshalLem meshalleMim šal·lə·mî šal·lə·mū- šal·lêm šallêm šalləmî šalləmū- šə·lu·mê šəlumê šey·šal·lem- šeyšallem- shalLem shalleMi shallemu sheluMei sheyshallem shillam shillamTem shilLamti sholMi šil·lam- šil·lam·tem šil·lam·tî šillam- šillamtem šillamtî šō·wl·mî šōwlmî taš·lî·mê·nî ṯaš·lîm tashLim tashliMeni ṯašlîm tašlîmênî ṯə·šal·lêm ṯəšallêm teshalLem ū·mə·šal·lə·mê ū·mə·šal·lêm ū·nə·šal·lə·māh ū·šə·lm ūməšallêm ūməšalləmê umeshalLem umeshalleMei ūnəšalləmāh uneshalleMah ūšəlm ushelm vaashalLem vaashalleMah vaiyashLem vaiyashLimu vaiyishLam vattishLam veshalLem veshalleMi veshalleMu veshalMu veshilLam veshillamTi veshilLemu wa’ăšallêm wa’ăšalləmāh wa·’ă·šal·lə·māh wa·’ă·šal·lêm wat·tiš·lam wattišlam way·yaš·lêm way·yaš·li·mū way·yaš·lî·mū way·yiš·lām wayyašlêm wayyašlimū wayyašlîmū wayyišlām wə·šā·lə·mū wə·šal·lə·mî wə·šal·lə·mū wə·šal·lêm wə·šil·lam wə·šil·lam·tî wə·šil·lê·mū wəšāləmū wəšallêm wəšalləmî wəšalləmū wəšillam wəšillamtî wəšillêmū yaš·lim yaš·lîm yashLim yašlim yašlîm yə·šal·lə·men·nāh yə·šal·lə·mū·nî yə·šal·lêm yə·šal·lem- yə·šal·lem·ḵā yə·šal·men·nāh yə·šul·lām yə·šul·lam- yəšallêm yəšallem- yəšalləmennāh yəšallemḵā yəšalləmūnî yəšalmennāh yeshalLem yeshallemCha yeshalleMennah yeshalleMuni yeshalMennah yeshullam yəšullām yəšullam-Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts