Ехэ Александр

Ехэ Александр; Μέγας Ἀλέξανδρος
	Македониин хаан (басилевс)
	; Александр Персиин хаан III Дарийтай тулалдажа байгаань. Неаполиин Помпейһоо олдоһон Александрын мозаик, Неаполиин Үндэһэнэй Археологиин Музей.
Хааншалал	МЭҮ 336-323
Грек	Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας
Хэргэм, сол	Эллинэй холбооной хегемон, Египетай фараон, Персиин Шаханшах
Түрэһэн	МЭҮ 356 оной 7 һарын 20
Түрэһэн газар	Македониин Пелла
Наһа бараһан	МЭҮ 323 оной 6 һарын 10 (32 наһатай)
Наһа бараһан газар	Вавилон
Үмэнэхи хаан	II Филип
Дараахи хаан	IV Александр
Ехэ хатан	Бактриин Роксана ; Персиин Статейра
Хаанай удам	IV Александр
Эсэгэ	Македониин II Филип
Эхэ	Эпирэй Олимпиас

Ехэ Александр (грек: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας гү, али Μέγας Ἀλέξανδρος,^[2] Mégas Aléxandros; МЭҮ 356 BC - МЭҮ 323),^[3] гү, али Македониин III Александр (грек: Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' ὁ Μακεδών) эртэнэй Грекийн ^[4] Македониин хаан (басилевс) (МЭҮ 336–323) байһан. Тэрэ бүхы саг үеын хамагай ехэ амжалта гаргаһан сэрэгэй ударидагшадай нэгэ болоод тулалдаанда илагдашагүй гэгдэжэ байгаа. Тэрэ үхэхээһээ үмэнэ эртэнэй грекшүүдтэ мэдэгдэжэ байһан хуурай газарай ехэнхэ хэһэгые байлдан дахуулһан.^[5]^[6]^{[n 1]}

Александр эхэ газарай Грекай ехэнхэ хото уласые Македониин засаглал доро Коринфгой холбоондо нэгэдхэһэн^[7] өөрын эсэгэ II Филипые наһа бараһанай дараа Македониин хаан шэрээг абаба^[8]. Урда Грекай хот уласуудай бослогые даржа Македониин засаглалые батжуулжа, хойто хүршүүдынхээ эсэрэг богони болобош цус урасгаһан аян дайн хэһэныхээ дараа, Александр зүүн зүгэдэ Ахеменидиин Персиин Эзэнтэ Улас руу хүлгэй жолоогоо эргүүлжэ, уламаар эзэлэн абаа. Тэрээр сааша Анатоли, Сири, Финики, Иудей, Газа, Египет, Согд, Месопотамиие байлдан дахуулжа, эзэнтэ уласынхаа хилые Энэдхэгэй Пунжаб хүрэтэр тэлэбэ.

Александр үхэхээһээ үмэнэ Аравиин хахад арал руу аян дайн хэн, худалдаагаа үргэжүүлжэ, түүныхээ дараа арми баруун зүгдэ Карфаген, Рома, Ибериин хахад арал руу эргүүлэхээр түлэблэжэ байба. Гэхыдээ тэрэнэй эхинэй хүсэл эрмэлзэлэнь зүүн талада багын багша Аристотелиин ярижа байһан юртэмсын хизгаар, Номгон Далай руу шэглэжэ байгаа.

Зүүлтэ

↑ Πλούταρχος 3.5 // Βίοι Παράλληλοι, Vitae parallelae // Βίοι Παράλληλοι
<a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q110502339"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q11850689"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q842337"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q41523"></a>
↑ Alexander. Online Etymology Dictionary. 2008-05-20 үдэртэ хандаһан.
↑ The birth of Alexander. Livius. the original on 2016-10-05 үдэрһөө архивлагдаһан. 2008-05-20 үдэртэ хандаһан. - Leo Depuydt, 'The Time of Death of Alexander the Great: 11 June 323 BC, ca. 4:00-5:00 PM' in: Die Welt des Orients 28 (1997) 117-135.
↑ Pomeroy, S.; Burstein, S.; Dolan, W.; Roberts, J. (1998). Ancient Greece: A Political, Social, and Cultural History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509742-4. -Hammond, N. G. L. (1989). The Macedonian State: Origins, Institutions, and History. Oxford University Press, 12–13. ISBN 0-19-814883-6; -Perseus By Daniel Ogden; -Daily Life of the Ancient Egyptians By Bob Brier, A. Hoyt Hobbs; -A Survey of Historic Costume By Phyllis G. Tortora, Keith Eubank ; -Jesus of History, Christ of Faith, By Thomas Zanzig; -Territory By David Storey; -The Man in the Garden By Bronwyn Johnson ; -Why the Nativity? By David Jeremiah; -Zinc By Leon Gray; -A Historical Atlas of India By Aisha Khan ; -Real Things in Nature By Edward Singleton Holden; -Women's Roots By June Stephenson; -The Great White Lies By Howard Randal Cox; -Writing in Ancient Egypt By Jil Fine; -Encountering Ancient Voices By Corrine L. Carvalho; -漫遊世界文明學英語 (20k+2cd) Published by 寂天文化 ISBN 9861840575, 9789861840574 ; -Shema is for Real By Joel Lurie Grishaver, Deena Bloomstone; -The Candlestick By E. Paul Braxton; moreover the Argead Dynasty, to which Alexander belonged claimed direct descend from Argos.
↑ Эшэ татахада гараһан алдуу: Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок danforth не указан текст
↑ Эшэ татахада гараһан алдуу: Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок stoneman не указан текст
↑ Sacks, David, (1995), Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World, London: Constable and Co. Ltd, ISBN 0-09-475270-2, p. 16.
↑ Bowra, C. M., [1957] (1994), The Greek Experience, London: Phoenix, Orion Books Ltd, ISBN 1-85799-122-2, p. 9.

Нэмжэ уншаха материал

Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction, edited by A.B. Bosworth, E.J. Baynham. New York: Oxford University Press (USA), 2002 (Paperback, ISBN 0-19-925275-0).
Baynham, Elizabeth. Alexander the Great: The Unique History of Quintus Curtius. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998 (hardcover, ISBN 0-472-10858-1); 2004 (paperback, ISBN 0-472-03081-7).
Brill's Companion to Alexander the Great by Joseph Roisman (editor). Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2003.
Cartledge, Paul. Alexander the Great: The Hunt for a New Past. Woodstock, NY; New York: The Overlook Press, 2004 (hardcover, ISBN 1-58567-565-2); London: PanMacmillan, 2004 (hardcover, ISBN 1-4050-3292-8); New York: Vintage, 2005 (paperback, ISBN 1-4000-7919-5).
Dahmen, Karsten. The Legend of Alexander the Great on Greek and Roman Coins. Oxford: Routledge, 2006 (hardcover, ISBN 0-415-39451-1; paperback, ISBN 0-415-39452-X).
De Santis, Marc G. “At The Crossroads of Conquest.” Military Heritage, December 2001. Volume 3, No. 3: 46–55, 97 (Alexander the Great, his military, his strategy at the Battle of Gaugamela and his defeat of Darius making Alexander the King of Kings).
Fuller, J.F. C; A Military History of the Western World: From the earliest times to the Battle of Lepanto; New York: Da Capo Press, Inc., 1987 and 1988. ISBN 0-306-80304-6
Gergel, Tania Editor Alexander the Great (2004) published by the Penguin Group, London ISBN 0-14-200140-6 Brief collection of ancient accounts translated into English
Larsen, Jakob A. O. "Alexander at the Oracle of Ammon", Classical Philology, Vol. 27, No. 1. (Jan., 1932), pp. 70–75.
Lonsdale, David. Alexander the Great, Killer of Men: History's Greatest Conqueror and the Macedonian Way of War, New York, Carroll & Graf, 2004, ISBN 0786714298
Pearson, Lionel Ignacius Cusack. The Lost Histories of Alexander the Great. Chicago Ridge, IL: Ares Publishers, 2004 (paperback, ISBN 0-89005-590-4).
Thomas, Carol G. Alexander the Great in his World (Blackwell Ancient Lives). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2006 (hardcover, ISBN 0631232451; paperback, ISBN 063123246X).

Грек/Латин буса байра һуури

A. Shapur Shahbazi, "Iranians and Alexander", American Journal of Ancient History n.s. 2 (2003), 5–38: the Persian side of the story.
R.J. van der Spek, "Darius III, Alexander the Great and Babylonian scholarship" in: Achaemenid History 13 (2003), 289–346: an overview of several Babylonian sources
Two chapters of Jona Lendering's Dutch book Alexander de Grote, which uses the cuneiform sources, are available in translation. In this chapter Архивировалһан 2 арбан нэгэ һара 2015 оной., he argues that at Gaugamela, Alexander attacked a Persian army that was looking for an excuse to run away; and in this chapter Архивировалһан 21 арба һара 2013 оной., he offers a Babylonian perspective on Alexander's final days.

Гадана холбооһон

Анхдагч эх сурвалж

Plutarch, Of the Fortune or Virtue of Alexander the Great
Justin, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus
Alexander the Great: An annotated list of primary sources Архивировалһан 14 таба һара 2011 оной. from Livius.org
Wiki Classical Dictionary, extant sources Архивировалһан 29 долоо һара 2013 оной. and fragmentary and lost sources

Бусад

A Bibliography of Alexander the Great by Waldemar Heckel
Pothos.org: Alexander's Home on the Web
Alexander III the Great, entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
Alexander the Great on the Web, a comprehensive directory of some 1,000 sites
Alexander The Great in the French museum Le Louvre Архивировалһан 17 арбан хоёр һара 2018 оной.
Alexander, The Great Mystery by T. Peter Limber in "Saudi Aramco Magazine" Архивировалһан 20 долоо һара 2008 оной.
Trace Alexander's conquests on an animated map Архивировалһан 15 зургаа һара 2008 оной.
Alexander the Great of Macedon, a project by John J. Popovic
Alexander in the Punjab. A Photo Essay Архивировалһан 13 хоёр һара 2009 оной., photos of all sites Alexander visited
Alexander the Great Coins, a site depicting Alexander's coins and later coins featuring Alexander's image

Эшэ татахада гараһан алдуу: Для существующих тегов <ref> группы «n» не найдено соответствующего тега <references group="n"/>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q7725634"_data-entity-id="Q11850689"><i_class="wef_low_priority_links">[[:d:Q41523|Πλούταρχος]]</i>_3.5_//_[[:d:Q842337|Βίοι_Παράλληλοι]],_[[:d:Q842337|Vitae_parallelae]]_//_''[[:d:Q842337|Βίοι_Παράλληλοι]]''<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q110502339"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q11850689"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q842337"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q41523"></a></div>-1] Πλούταρχος 3.5 // Βίοι Παράλληλοι, Vitae parallelae // Βίοι Παράλληλοι
<a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q110502339"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q11850689"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q842337"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q41523"></a>

[2] Alexander. Online Etymology Dictionary. 2008-05-20 үдэртэ хандаһан.

[3] The birth of Alexander. Livius. the original on 2016-10-05 үдэрһөө архивлагдаһан. 2008-05-20 үдэртэ хандаһан. - Leo Depuydt, 'The Time of Death of Alexander the Great: 11 June 323 BC, ca. 4:00-5:00 PM' in: Die Welt des Orients 28 (1997) 117-135.

[pomeroy1-4] Pomeroy, S.; Burstein, S.; Dolan, W.; Roberts, J. (1998). Ancient Greece: A Political, Social, and Cultural History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509742-4. -Hammond, N. G. L. (1989). The Macedonian State: Origins, Institutions, and History. Oxford University Press, 12–13. ISBN 0-19-814883-6; -Perseus By Daniel Ogden; -Daily Life of the Ancient Egyptians By Bob Brier, A. Hoyt Hobbs; -A Survey of Historic Costume By Phyllis G. Tortora, Keith Eubank ; -Jesus of History, Christ of Faith, By Thomas Zanzig; -Territory By David Storey; -The Man in the Garden By Bronwyn Johnson ; -Why the Nativity? By David Jeremiah; -Zinc By Leon Gray; -A Historical Atlas of India By Aisha Khan ; -Real Things in Nature By Edward Singleton Holden; -Women's Roots By June Stephenson; -The Great White Lies By Howard Randal Cox; -Writing in Ancient Egypt By Jil Fine; -Encountering Ancient Voices By Corrine L. Carvalho; -漫遊世界文明學英語 (20k+2cd) Published by 寂天文化 ISBN 9861840575, 9789861840574 ; -Shema is for Real By Joel Lurie Grishaver, Deena Bloomstone; -The Candlestick By E. Paul Braxton; moreover the Argead Dynasty, to which Alexander belonged claimed direct descend from Argos.

[danforth-5] Эшэ татахада гараһан алдуу: Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок danforth не указан текст

[stoneman-6] Эшэ татахада гараһан алдуу: Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок stoneman не указан текст

[8] Sacks, David, (1995), Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World, London: Constable and Co. Ltd, ISBN 0-09-475270-2, p. 16.

[9] Bowra, C. M., [1957] (1994), The Greek Experience, London: Phoenix, Orion Books Ltd, ISBN 1-85799-122-2, p. 9.

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