„Queerbaiting“ – Versionsunterschied

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Added Stiles and Derek to the examples.
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*[[Rachel Berry]] and [[Quinn Fabray]] in the TV series ''[[Glee (TV series)|Glee]]''.<ref name="Queerbaiting: The Misrepresentation of the Queer Community">{{Cite web |last=Biele |first=Natalie |title=Queerbaiting: The Misrepresentation of the Queer Community |work=Odyssey|date=20 February 2017 |accessdate=4 March 2018 |url=https://www.theodysseyonline.com/queerbaiting-the-misrepresentation-of-the-queer-community}}</ref>
*[[Rachel Berry]] and [[Quinn Fabray]] in the TV series ''[[Glee (TV series)|Glee]]''.<ref name="Queerbaiting: The Misrepresentation of the Queer Community">{{Cite web |last=Biele |first=Natalie |title=Queerbaiting: The Misrepresentation of the Queer Community |work=Odyssey|date=20 February 2017 |accessdate=4 March 2018 |url=https://www.theodysseyonline.com/queerbaiting-the-misrepresentation-of-the-queer-community}}</ref>
*Eve and Villanelle in the TV series ''[[Killing Eve]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Sarah |title=Killing Eve accused of queerbaiting by viewers |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/killing-eve-season-2-queerbaiting-eve-villanelle-romance-sandra-oh-jodie-comer-a8946546.html |accessdate=16 June 2019 |work=The Independent |date=6 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gutowitz |first1=Jill |title='Killing Eve', 'Dead to Me', and The Confusing State of 'Queerbaiting' on TV |url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/tv/a28072311/what-is-queerbaiting-killing-eve-dead-to-me/ |accessdate=25 July 2019 |work=Cosmopolitan |date=25 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Abraham |first1=Amelia |title=Why culture’s ‘queerbaiting’ leaves me cold |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global/2019/jun/29/why-cultures-queerbaiting-leaves-me-cold-amelia-abraham |accessdate=25 July 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=29 June 2019}}</ref>
*[[Arthur Pendragon]] and [[Merlin (Merlin character)|Merlin]] in the TV series ''[[Merlin (TV series)|Merlin]]''.<ref name="The Next">{{Cite web |last=Scout |first=Emmett |title=Please Do Not Bait the Queers |work=The Next |publisher=University of Washington |date=19 June 2013 |accessdate=14 December 2014 |url=http://www.uwbnext.com/editorials/please-do-not-bait-the-queers}}</ref>
*[[Arthur Pendragon]] and [[Merlin (Merlin character)|Merlin]] in the TV series ''[[Merlin (TV series)|Merlin]]''.<ref name="The Next">{{Cite web |last=Scout |first=Emmett |title=Please Do Not Bait the Queers |work=The Next |publisher=University of Washington |date=19 June 2013 |accessdate=14 December 2014 |url=http://www.uwbnext.com/editorials/please-do-not-bait-the-queers}}</ref>
*[[Regina Mills]] and [[Emma Swan]] in the TV series ''[[Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon a Time]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shakeri |first=Sima |title=Television Has A 'Bury Your Gays,' Queerbaiting, And LGBTQ Representation Problem |publisher=Huffington Post |date=30 June 2017 |accessdate=22 January 2019 |url=https://m.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/06/30/queerbaiting-bury-your-gays-tv_a_23005000/?ec_carp=7675489499261776048}}</ref>
*[[Regina Mills]] and [[Emma Swan]] in the TV series ''[[Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon a Time]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shakeri |first=Sima |title=Television Has A 'Bury Your Gays,' Queerbaiting, And LGBTQ Representation Problem |publisher=Huffington Post |date=30 June 2017 |accessdate=22 January 2019 |url=https://m.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/06/30/queerbaiting-bury-your-gays-tv_a_23005000/?ec_carp=7675489499261776048}}</ref>
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*[[Castiel (Supernatural)|Castiel]] and [[Dean Winchester]] in the TV series ''[[Supernatural (U.S. TV series)|Supernatural]]''.<ref name="Advocate">{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Eliel |title=Fans Take Supernatural to Task for 'Queer Baiting' |date=17 July 2014 |accessdate=14 December 2014 |url=http://www.advocate.com/bisexuality/2014/07/17/fans-take-supernatural-task-queer-baiting}}</ref><ref name="Queerbaiting: The Misrepresentation of the Queer Community">{{Cite web |last=Biele |first=Natalie |title=Queerbaiting: The Misrepresentation of the Queer Community |work=Odyssey|date=20 February 2017 |accessdate=4 March 2018 |url=https://www.theodysseyonline.com/queerbaiting-the-misrepresentation-of-the-queer-community}}</ref>
*[[Castiel (Supernatural)|Castiel]] and [[Dean Winchester]] in the TV series ''[[Supernatural (U.S. TV series)|Supernatural]]''.<ref name="Advocate">{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Eliel |title=Fans Take Supernatural to Task for 'Queer Baiting' |date=17 July 2014 |accessdate=14 December 2014 |url=http://www.advocate.com/bisexuality/2014/07/17/fans-take-supernatural-task-queer-baiting}}</ref><ref name="Queerbaiting: The Misrepresentation of the Queer Community">{{Cite web |last=Biele |first=Natalie |title=Queerbaiting: The Misrepresentation of the Queer Community |work=Odyssey|date=20 February 2017 |accessdate=4 March 2018 |url=https://www.theodysseyonline.com/queerbaiting-the-misrepresentation-of-the-queer-community}}</ref>
*[[Kara Danvers]] and [[Lena Luthor]] in the TV series ''[[Supergirl (TV series)|Supergirl]]''.<ref name="Queerbaiting: The Misrepresentation of the Queer Community">{{Cite web |last=Biele |first=Natalie |title=Queerbaiting: The Misrepresentation of the Queer Community |work=Odyssey|date=20 February 2017 |accessdate=4 March 2018 |url=https://www.theodysseyonline.com/queerbaiting-the-misrepresentation-of-the-queer-community}}</ref>
*[[Kara Danvers]] and [[Lena Luthor]] in the TV series ''[[Supergirl (TV series)|Supergirl]]''.<ref name="Queerbaiting: The Misrepresentation of the Queer Community">{{Cite web |last=Biele |first=Natalie |title=Queerbaiting: The Misrepresentation of the Queer Community |work=Odyssey|date=20 February 2017 |accessdate=4 March 2018 |url=https://www.theodysseyonline.com/queerbaiting-the-misrepresentation-of-the-queer-community}}</ref>
*Stiles and Derek in the TV series ''[[Teen Wolf]]''.<ref>https://www.advocate.com/commentary/2014/09/17/op-ed-trouble-teen-wolf</ref>
*Shiro and Adam in the TV series ''[[Voltron: Legendary Defender]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haasch |first1=Palmer |title=Voltron creator addresses fans over season 7's queerbaiting controversy |url=https://www.polygon.com/tv/2018/8/16/17698024/voltron-adam-controversy-netflix-queerbaiting-dos-santos-letter |accessdate=26 December 2018 |work=Polygon |date=16 August 2018}}</ref>
*Shiro and Adam in the TV series ''[[Voltron: Legendary Defender]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haasch |first1=Palmer |title=Voltron creator addresses fans over season 7's queerbaiting controversy |url=https://www.polygon.com/tv/2018/8/16/17698024/voltron-adam-controversy-netflix-queerbaiting-dos-santos-letter |accessdate=26 December 2018 |work=Polygon |date=16 August 2018}}</ref>
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Version vom 8. Dezember 2019, 17:33 Uhr

Vorlage:Short description Queerbaiting is a marketing technique for fiction and entertainment[1] in which creators hint at, but then not actually depict, same-sex romance.[2] They do so to attract ("bait") a queer audience with the suggestion of relationships that appeal to them,[3] while at the same time attempting to avoid alienating other consumers.[1][4]

Queerbaiting has been observed in popular fiction such as films and television series, as well as in celebrities who convey an ambiguous sexual identity through their works and statements.[1] It arose in and has been popularized through discussions in Internet fandom[5] since the early 2010s.[6]

Assessments

Queer audience concerns

Queer fans have reacted with concern and anger to an identity they consider defining being used as a mere marketing ploy, a plaything for creatives, a mark of "edginess", or a commodity.[6]

Fans have derided, for instance, queer characters being used as plot devices rather than as characters for their own sake. For instance, Glee, a series with many queer series regulars, was criticized by fans for presenting "superficial stereotypes of queerness for dramatic effect".[7]

Queer fans consider queerbaiting as "a way to throw us a bone when we normally wouldn't have anything, to acknowledge that we're there in the audience when the powers that be would prefer to ignore us".[8] Emmet Scout wrote that "queerbaiting works on its audience because it offers the suggestion that queer people do have a vital place in these stories, that they might even be the defining figures, the heroes. The suggestion—but not the reality."[9] Rose Bridges summarized the practice's effect on queer fans as receiving "just enough [representation] to keep us interested, but not enough to satisfy us and make us truly represented."[8]

Societal shifts

According to media scholars, the perceived increase in queerbaiting reflects a shift towards a more positive perception of queer relationships in modern societies – and therefore, in a sense, societal progress.[6] But the same societal shift has also increased expectations by queer fans as to the quality and authenticity of queer representation – they demand not just any representation at all, but rather "respectful and meaningful depictions" of their relationships.[6] That is why, according to media researcher Eve Ng, the ambiguous sexuality projected by 20th century entertainers such as David Bowie, Elton John and Madonna was not scrutinized to the same degree as that of their successors.[6]

Examples

In fiction, the following relationships between characters of the same sex have been interpreted as queerbaiting:

In other media, the singers Ariana Grande (in 2019) and Rita Ora (in 2018) were criticized by fans for queerbaiting after their lyrics contained references to bisexual love. In response to these concerns, Ora came out as bisexual to her fans.[6] And in advertising, the clothing label Calvin Klein apologized in 2019 for queerbaiting the public with an advertisement in which the model Bella Hadid kissed the character Lil Miquela.[24]

See also

Further reading

  • Joseph Brennan: Queerbaiting: The 'playful' possibilities of homoeroticism. In: International Journal of Cultural Studies. 21. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, März 2018, ISSN 1367-8779, S. 189–206, doi:10.1177/1367877916631050 (englisch).
  • Joseph Brennan: Slashbaiting, an alternative to queerbaiting. In: The Journal of Fandom Studies. 6. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, 1. Juni 2018, ISSN 2046-6692, S. 187–204, doi:10.1386/jfs.6.2.187_1 (englisch).
  • Elizabeth Bridges: A genealogy of queerbaiting: Legal codes, production codes, 'bury your gays' and ' The 100 mess'. In: The Journal of Fandom Studies. 6. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, 1. Juni 2018, ISSN 2046-6692, S. 115–132, doi:10.1386/jfs.6.2.115_1 (englisch).
  • Michael McDermott: The contest of queerbaiting: Negotiating authenticity in fan–creator interactions. In: The Journal of Fandom Studies. 6. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, 1. Juni 2018, ISSN 2046-6692, S. 133–144, doi:10.1386/jfs.6.2.133_1 (englisch).
  • Eve Ng: Between text, paratext, and context: Queerbaiting and the contemporary media landscape. In: Transformative Works & Cultures. 24. Jahrgang, 2017 (ebscohost.com).

References

Vorlage:Reflist

  1. ↑ a b c Chelsea Ritschel: What is queer-baiting and why do celebrities do it? In: The Independent, 9 April 2019. Abgerufen im 23 April 2019 (englisch). 
  2. ↑ Kate Harrad: Claiming the B in LGBT: Illuminating the Bisexual Narrative. Thorntree Press LLC, 2018, ISBN 978-1-944934-61-3 (englisch, google.com).
  3. ↑ Judith Fathallah: Moriarty's Ghost. In: Television & New Media. 16. Jahrgang, Nr. 5, 17. Juli 2014, S. 490–500, doi:10.1177/1527476414543528.
  4. ↑ Ilana Masad: Harry Potter and the Possible Queerbaiting: why fans are mad over a lack of gay romance In: The Guardian, 16. August 2016. Abgerufen am 30. Mai 2019 (britisches Englisch). 
  5. ↑ Emma Nordin: From Queer Reading to Queerbaiting : The battle over the polysemic text and the power of hermeneutics. Master's thesis, Stockholm University, 1. Januar 2015, abgerufen am 11. Februar 2017.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Holly Honderich: Queerbaiting - exploitation or a sign of progress? In: BBC, 8 April 2019 
  7. ↑ Kerishma Panigrahi: Queerbaiting in Online Communities: Television, Fandom, and the Politics of Representation. In: Wordpress. Abgerufen am 24. Oktober 2014.
  8. ↑ a b Rose Bridges: How Do We Solve A Problem Like 'Queerbaiting'? In: AutoStraddle. Abgerufen am 24. Oktober 2014.
  9. ↑ Emmett Scout: Please Do Not Bait the Queers. In: The Next. University of Washington, archiviert vom Original am 9. März 2016; abgerufen am 24. Oktober 2014.
  10. ↑ a b c d e Natalie Biele: Queerbaiting: The Misrepresentation of the Queer Community. In: Odyssey. 20. Februar 2017, abgerufen am 4. März 2018.
  11. ↑ Sarah Young: Killing Eve accused of queerbaiting by viewers In: The Independent, 6 June 2019. Abgerufen im 16 June 2019 (englisch). 
  12. ↑ Jill Gutowitz: 'Killing Eve', 'Dead to Me', and The Confusing State of 'Queerbaiting' on TV In: Cosmopolitan, 25 June 2019. Abgerufen im 25 July 2019 
  13. ↑ Amelia Abraham: Why culture’s ‘queerbaiting’ leaves me cold In: The Guardian, 29 June 2019. Abgerufen im 25 July 2019 
  14. ↑ a b Emmett Scout: Please Do Not Bait the Queers. In: The Next. University of Washington, 19. Juni 2013, abgerufen am 14. Dezember 2014.
  15. ↑ Sima Shakeri: Television Has A 'Bury Your Gays,' Queerbaiting, And LGBTQ Representation Problem. Huffington Post, 30. Juni 2017, abgerufen am 22. Januar 2019.
  16. ↑ Mary Kate McGrath: 'Riverdale', Queer-Baiting, & How One Tweet Exposed The Fan Conversation We Need To Pay Attention To In: Bustle. Abgerufen im 2 December 2017 (englisch). 
  17. ↑ Kaitlin Reilly: Riverdale Accused Of Queerbaiting Over That Joaquin/Archie Kiss In: Refinery29. Abgerufen im 15 November 2018 (englisch). 
  18. ↑ Rizzoli & Isles. 1. Februar 2016;.
  19. ↑ Aja Romano: "Sherlock" fans lash out over sunken JohnLock ship. In: The Daily Dot. 26. April 2013, abgerufen am 24. Dezember 2014.
  20. ↑ Steven Moffat talk about JohnLock and Season 3 & 4. In: YouTube. 13. Mai 2013, abgerufen am 24. Dezember 2014.
  21. ↑ Rose Bridges: How Do We Solve A Problem Like "Queerbaiting"?: On TV's Not-So-Subtle Gay Subtext. In: Autostraddle. 26. Juni 2013, abgerufen am 14. Dezember 2014.
  22. ↑ Eliel Cruz: Fans Take Supernatural to Task for 'Queer Baiting'. 17. Juli 2014, abgerufen am 14. Dezember 2014.
  23. ↑ Palmer Haasch: Voltron creator addresses fans over season 7's queerbaiting controversy In: Polygon, 16 August 2018. Abgerufen im 26 December 2018 
  24. ↑ Kimberley Richards: Calvin Klein Apologizes Amid 'Queerbaiting' Criticism Over Bella Hadid, Robot Ad In: HuffPost, 18 May 2019. Abgerufen im 16 June 2019 (englisch). 
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