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{{See also|Mawlid|Family tree of Muhammad|Muhammad in Mecca}}
{{Muhammad timeline in Mecca}}
Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim<ref name="auto">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad Muhammad] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209125352/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad |date=9 February 2017 }} [[Encyclopedia Britannica]]. Retrieved 15 February 2017.</ref> was born in Mecca<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rodinson |first1=Maxime |author-link1=Maxime Rodinson |title=Muhammad: Prophet of Islam |year=2002 |publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks|page=38 |isbn=978-1-86064-827-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LqR_mU0qpE4C&pg=PA38 |access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> about the year 570,{{sfn|Conrad|1987}} and [[Mawlid|his birthday]] is believed to be in the month of [[Rabi' al-awwal]].{{sfn|Esposito|2003}} He belonged to the [[Banu Hashim]] clan, part of the [[Quraysh tribe]], which was one of Mecca's prominent families, although it appears less prosperous during Muhammad's early lifetime.{{sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993}}{{efn|See also {{qref|43|31|b=y}} cited in EoI; Muhammad.}}
{{doi|10.6084/m9.figshare.1186833}}
Retrieved 21 October 2014 (GMT).</ref> However, recent scholarship has found this to be incorrect as other evidence suggests that if the expedition did occur it must have taken place several years before Muhammad's birth.{{sfn|Conrad|1987}}{{Sfn|Reynolds|2023|p=16}}{{sfn|Peters|2010|p=61}}{{Sfn|Muesse|2018|p=213}}{{sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993|p=361}} Later Muslim scholars presumably simply pasted Abraha's famous name to their story of Muhammad's birth to interpret the unclear passage about "the men of elephants" in Quran 105:1–5.{{Sfn|Reynolds|2023|p=16}} The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity considers the story of Abraha's expedition with war elephants to be a myth.{{Sfn|Reynolds|2023|p=16}}
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The consensus to include images of Muhammad emerged after extensive months-long discussions and efforts on both sides to balance multiple competing interests. Please do not remove or reposition these images because you feel they are against your religion. Please do not add more images or reposition the current ones to prove a point. To avoid pointless revert-warring, blocking and page protection, please discuss any prospective changes on the talk page. Thank you for contributing to Wikipedia.
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<div class="depiction">[[File:Mohammed kaaba 1315.jpg|thumb|left|Miniature from [[Rashid-al-Din Hamadani]]'s ''[[Jami al-Tawarikh]]'', {{c.|lk=no|1315}}, illustrating the story of Muhammad's role in re-setting the [[Black Stone]] in 605 ([[Ilkhanate]] period)<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ali |first=Wijdan |date=August 1999 |journal=Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Turkish Art |title=From the Literal to the Spiritual: The Development of the Prophet Muhammad's Portrayal from 13th Century Ilkhanid Miniatures to 17th Century Ottoman Art |number=7 |url=http://www2.let.uu.nl/Solis/anpt/ejos/pdf4/07Ali.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041203232347/http://www2.let.uu.nl/Solis/anpt/ejos/pdf4/07Ali.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 December 2004 |page=3 |issn=0928-6802 }}</ref>]]▼
▲[[File:Mohammed kaaba 1315.jpg|thumb|left|Miniature from [[Rashid-al-Din Hamadani]]'s ''[[Jami al-Tawarikh]]'', {{c.|lk=no|1315}}, illustrating the story of Muhammad's role in re-setting the [[Black Stone]] in 605 ([[Ilkhanate]] period)<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ali |first=Wijdan |date=August 1999 |journal=Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Turkish Art |title=From the Literal to the Spiritual: The Development of the Prophet Muhammad's Portrayal from 13th Century Ilkhanid Miniatures to 17th Century Ottoman Art |number=7 |url=http://www2.let.uu.nl/Solis/anpt/ejos/pdf4/07Ali.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041203232347/http://www2.let.uu.nl/Solis/anpt/ejos/pdf4/07Ali.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 December 2004 |page=3 |issn=0928-6802 }}</ref>]]
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Muhammad's father, [[Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Abdullah]], died almost six months before he was born.<ref name="Meri2004">{{cite book |last=Meri |first=Josef W. |author-link=Josef W. Meri |title=Medieval Islamic civilization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC |access-date=3 January 2013 |volume=1 |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96690-0 |page=525 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114153019/http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC |archive-date=14 November 2012 }}</ref> According to Islamic tradition, soon after birth he was sent to live with a [[Bedouin]] family in the desert, as desert life was considered healthier for infants; some western scholars reject this tradition's historicity.{{sfn|Watt|1971}} Muhammad stayed with his foster-mother, [[Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb]], and her husband until he was two years old. At the age of six, Muhammad lost his biological mother [[Aminah|Amina]] to illness and became an orphan.{{sfn|Watt|1971}}{{sfn|Watt|1960}} For the next two years, until he was eight years old, Muhammad was under the guardianship of his paternal grandfather [[Abd al-Muttalib]], of the Banu Hashim clan until his death. He then came under the care of his uncle [[Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Abu Talib]], the new leader of the Banu Hashim.{{sfn|Watt|1974|p=7}} According to Islamic historian [[William Montgomery Watt]] there was a general disregard by guardians in taking care of weaker members of the tribes in Mecca during the 6th century, "Muhammad's guardians saw that he did not starve to death, but it was hard for them to do more for him, especially as the fortunes of the clan of Hashim seem to have been declining at that time."{{sfn|Watt|1974|p=8}}
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==References==
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*{{Cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel Said |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1SjEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |date=2023-03-07 |publisher=Augsburg Fortress Publishers |isbn=978-1-5064-7388-8 |language=en}}
*{{Cite book |last=Muesse |first=Mark W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8hxEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Four Wise Men |date=2018-01-01 |publisher=Lutterworth Press |isbn=978-0-7188-9522-8 |language=en}}
*{{Cite book|last=Schroeder|first=Eric |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDbR3Bz1OvsC|title=Muhammad's People: An Anthology of Muslim Civilization |date=2002-01-01 |publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-42502-3|language=en}}
*{{Cite book|last=Phipps |first=William E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jPURAQAAIAAJ|title=Muhammad and Jesus: A Comparison of the Prophets and Their Teachings|date=1996 |publisher=Continuum|isbn=978-1-55778-718-7|language=en}}
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