Dhruva (r. 780 – 793 CE) was one of the most notable rulers of the Rashtrakuta Empire. He ascended the imperial throne after replacing his elder brother Govinda II. Govinda II had become unpopular among his subjects on account of his various misconducts as a monarch, including excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures. This according to the historian Kamath is evident from the Karhad plates of Krishna III.[1] The Dhulia grant of 779 and Garugadahalli inscription of 782 proclaim Dhruva the emperor. Though some historians claim that Dhruva revolted and grabbed the throne,[2] other historians feel the transition of the throne from Govinda II to Dhruva was peaceful and may have happened willingly.[3] He earned titles like Kalivallabha, Srivallabha, Dharavarsha, Maharajadhiraja and Parameshvara.
| Dhruva Dharavarsha | |
|---|---|
| Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara Dharavarsha Nirupama Srivallabha Kalivallabha | |
_from_Naregal_of_Rashtrakuta_King_Dhruva_Dharavarsha.jpg) Fragment of Old Kannada inscription (780 CE) from Naregal of Rashtrakuta emperor Dhruva Dharavarsha | |
| 4th Rashtrakuta Emperor | |
| Reign | c. 780 – c. 793 CE (13 years) |
| Predecessor | Govinda II |
| Successor | Govinda III |
| Died | 793 CE Manyakheta, Rashtrakuta Empire (modern day Karnataka, India) |
| Spouse | Sila Mahadevi of the Eastern Chalukyas |
| Issue | Karka Suvarnavarsha Kambarasa Govinda III Indra, Governor of Lata |
| Father | Krishna I |
| Religion | Hinduism |
Success in north and east
editDhruva Dharavarsha had a high political aspiration and he actively pursued the goal of expanding the frontiers of Rashtrakuta dominion. In Northern India, he subjugated the rulers of Kanyakubja. In central India, he defeated Vatsaraja of the Gurjara Prathihara Empire,[4] and Dharmapala of the Pala Empire (who was eager to rule Kanyakubja) in a battle in the Ganges - Yamuna doab. However, these great victories brought him no permanent land gains but only a lot of material gain and fame.[5] However another historian has claimed that Dhruva's empire stretched from Ayodhya in the north to Rameshvaram in the south.[2]
Victories in the Deccan and the South
editHe humbled Vishnuvardhana IV, an Eastern or Vengi Chalukya king in 784 and forged an alliance by marrying his daughter named Silabhattarika as per the Jetvai grant of 786. Thereafter, he defeated Shivamara II, the Western Ganga Dynasty ruler of Gangavadi, and imprisoned him and appointed his own son, the Prince Kambarasa as the governor. He also forced the Pallava monarch Nandivarman II to accept the suzerainty of the Rashtrakutas who paid him handsomely with many elephants. He undertook campaigns to Kanchi in 785 and again against the Western Ganga Dynasty in 788.[1]
Pan-Indian power
editDuring his reign, the Rashtrakutas emerged as a true pan-Indian power, controlling large regions across the Indian subcontinent.[6] He was succeeded by his third son, Govinda III whose reign was also marked by brilliant military success and exploits.
Notes
editReferences
edit- Sastri, Nilakanta K.A. (2002) [1955]. A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar. New Delhi: Indian Branch, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-560686-8.
- Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) [1980]. A concise history of Karnataka : from pre-historic times to the present. Bangalore: Jupiter books. LCCN 80905179. OCLC 7796041.
- Reu, Pandit Bisheshwar Nath (1997) [1933]. History of The Rashtrakutas (Rathodas). Jaipur: Publication scheme. ISBN 81-86782-12-5.