ملک

Pashto

Etymology

From Arabic مَلِك (malik, “king”). From Proto-Semitic *malk-. Cognate to Hebrew מֶלֶךְ (mélekh, “king”) and מָלַךְ (malákh, “to rule”), and Aramaic מַלְכָּא (malkā, “king”) and מְלַךְ (m'laḵ, “to rule”).

Noun

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ملک • (malik) m (plural ملکان (malikân))

king

Declension

declension of ملک

	singular	plural
direct	ملک (malik)	ملکان (malikân)
oblique	ملک (malik)	ملکانو (malikâno)
vocative	ملکه (malika)	ملکانو (malikâno)

Related terms

ملکه (malika, “queen”)

References

Makkan

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic مَلَك (malak, “angel”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ma.ˈlak]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mä.lǽk]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mä.lǽk]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mä.lǽk]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [mæ.lǽkʲ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mä.lǽk]

Readings
Classical reading^?	malak
Dari reading^?	malak
Iranian reading^?	malak
Tajik reading^?	malak

Noun

ملک • (malak) (plural ملائک (malâ'ek))

angel

Derived terms

ملک‌الموت (“malak-ol-mowt”)

References

Benzing, Johannes (1983) “mlk”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, page 410

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic مَلِك (malik, “king”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ma.ˈlik]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mä.lɪ́k]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mä.lɪ́k]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mä.lík]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [mæ.lékʲ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mä.lík]

Readings
Classical reading^?	malik
Dari reading^?	malik
Iranian reading^?	malek
Tajik reading^?	malik

Noun

ملک • (malek) (plural ملوک (moluk))

king

Derived terms

ملوکانه (molukâne)
ملوک‌الطوائفی (moluk-ot-tavâ'efi)
ملکی (maleki)
ملک‌زاده (malek-zâde)

Related terms

ملکه (maleke)
ملکوت (malakut)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic مِلْك (milk, “property, estate”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [milk]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mɪlk]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mɪlk]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [milk]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [melkʲ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [milk]

Readings
Classical reading^?	milk
Dari reading^?	milk
Iranian reading^?	melk
Tajik reading^?	milk

Noun

ملک • (melk) (plural املاک (amlâk))

Derived terms

ملکدار (melkdâr)
ملکی (melki)
ملکیت (melkiyat)

Related terms

تملک (tamallok)
مالک (mâlek)
مملوک (mamluk)

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Arabic مُلْك (mulk, “kingship, royalty, monarchy”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [mulk]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mʊlk]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mʊlk]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mulk]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [molkʲ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mulk]

Readings
Classical reading^?	mulk
Dari reading^?	mulk
Iranian reading^?	molk
Tajik reading^?	mulk

Noun

ملک • (molk)

Derived terms

ملکی (molki)

Descendants

→ Assamese: মুলুক (muluk)
→ Bengali: মুলুক (muluk)
→ Gujarati: મુલક (mulak)
→ Old Hindi: मुलक (mulaka)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: मुल्क (mulk)
  Urdu: مُلْک (mulk)
→ Maithili
Devanagari script: मुलुक (muluk)

Tirhuta script: 𑒧𑒳𑒪𑒳𑒏 (muluk)
→ Marathi: मुलूख (mulūkh)
→ Marwari: मुलक (mulak)
→ Nepali: मुलुक (muluk)
→ Odia: ମୁଲକ (mulaka)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਲਕ (mulak)

Shahmukhi script: مُلَک (mulak)
→ Sindhi:
Arabic script: مُلْڪُ (mulku)

Devanagari script: मुल्कु (mulku)

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Hindustani مونگ / मूँग (mūṅg)

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [mulk]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [mʊlk]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [mʊlk]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [mulk]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [molkʲ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [mulk]

Readings
Classical reading^?	mulk
Dari reading^?	mulk
Iranian reading^?	molk
Tajik reading^?	mulk

Noun

ملک • (molk)

(Khorasan) a kind of pea

References

Monchi-Zadeh, Davoud (1990) Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft (Acta Iranica; 29)‎^[1] (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 125–126 Nr. 366

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (mulk), from Arabic مُلْك (mulk).

Pronunciation

(Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /mʊ.ləkə̆/

Noun

مُلَک • (mulak) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਮੁਲਕ)

country
Synonym: دیش (deś)

References

“مُلک”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “مُلک”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (mulk), from Arabic مُلْك (mulk). First attested as Middle Hindi ملک (mulk).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /mʊlk/
(Punjabic Urdu) IPA^(key): /mʊ.lək/

Noun

مُلْک • (mulk) m (formal plural مَمالِک (mamālik), Hindi spelling मुल्क)

country, land
Synonyms: دیس (des), وَطَن (vatan)

نِیُوزی لَین٘ڈ اَور بَرْطانیَہ بَہُت خوش حال مَمالِک ہَیں۔
niyūzī-laiṇḍ aur bartānya bahot xuś-hāl mamālik ha͠i.
New Zealand and Britain are very prosperous countries.

کَئی مُلْکوں میں مَذْہَب کی آزادی فَراہِم نَہِیں ہَے۔
kaī mulkõ mẽ mazhab kī āzādī farāhim nahī̃ hai.
In some countries, there is no freedom of religion.
(Sufism) realm
مُلْکِ فَنا ― mulk-i fanā ― mortal realm

ہَم کو مُلْکِ عَدَم مِلا ہَمْدَم
ham ko mulk-i 'adam milā hamdam
We got the realm of oblivion, pal.

Declension

Declension of ملک
	singular	plural
direct	مُلْک (mulk)	مُلْک (mulk)
oblique	مُلْک (mulk)	مُلْکوں (mulkõ)
vocative	مُلْک (mulk)	مُلْکو (mulko)

Derived terms

مُلْکی (mulkī, “local, national, indigenous”)
اَندَرُونِ مُلْک (andarūn-i mulk, “inland”)
بَیرُونِ مُلْک (bairūn-i mulk, “overseas”)
بَینُ المُلْکی (bain-ul-mulkī, “intranational, inland”)
مُلْک دُشْمَن (mulk duśman, “traitor”)
مُلْک گِیر (mulk gīr, “nationwide, countrywide”)
مَمالِکِ غَیر (mamālik-i ġair, “foreign countries”)

References

“ملک”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “ملک”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 606
“مُلْک”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
Platts, John T. (1884) “ملك”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 1065