檜

See also: 栝, and 桧

檜 U+6A9C, 檜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A9C ← 檛 [U+6A9B] CJK Unified Ideographs 檝 → [U+6A9D]

Translingual

Han character

檜 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 木人一日 (DOMA), four-corner 4896₆, composition ⿰木會)

1. Chinese cypress (Cupressus duclouxiana)
2. Chinese juniper (Juniperus chinensis)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 557, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15676
• Dae Jaweon: page 946, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1303, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6A9C

Chinese

trad.		檜
simp.		桧

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (會) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
譮	*qʰruːbs
會	*koːbs, *ɡoːbs
儈	*koːbs
膾	*koːbs
鱠	*koːbs
襘	*koːbs
禬	*koːbs, *ɡoːbs
檜	*koːbs, *koːd
旝	*koːbs
澮	*koːbs
鄶	*koːbs
廥	*koːbs
鬠	*koːbs, *ɡoːd
劊	*koːbs, *koːd
獪	*koːbs, *kroːbs
繪	*ɡoːbs
懀	*qoːbs, *qroːbs, *qroːbs
薈	*qoːbs
嬒	*qoːbs, *qoːd
瞺	*qoːbs
噲	*kʰroːbs
璯	*kʰroːbs

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guì, kuài (gui⁴, kuai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˋ, ㄎㄨㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kui²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kòe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guì
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guèi
    • Wade–Giles: kuei⁴
    • Yale: gwèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guey
    • Palladius: гуй (guj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuài
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuài
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuai⁴
    • Yale: kwài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuay
    • Palladius: куай (kuaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kui²
    • Yale: kúi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kui²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kui²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuːi̯³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòe
    • Tâi-lô: kuè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koex
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kue²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kue⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kue²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kue¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kue²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: kwajH, kwat

Rime
Character	檜	檜
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	泰 (26)	末 (64)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古外切	古活切
Baxter	kwajH	kwat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑiH/	/kuɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑiH/	/kʷɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑiH/	/kuɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwajH/	/kwat̚/
Li Rong	/kuɑiH/	/kuɑt̚/
Wang Li	/kuɑiH/	/kuɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑiH/	/kuɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guì	guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gui3	gut3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤ[o][p]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːbs/, /*koːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	檜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guì
Middle Chinese	‹ kwajH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁ[o][p]-s/
English	ornament on coffin
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	檜	檜
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	5499	5519
Phonetic component	會	會
Rime group	蓋	月
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	儈	括
Old Chinese	/*koːbs/	/*koːd/

Definitions

檜

1. Chinese juniper

   • 淇水滺滺、檜楫松舟。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     淇水滺滺、桧楫松舟。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Qíshuǐ yóuyóu, guìjí sōngzhōu. [Pinyin]

     The waters of the Qi flow smoothly; there are the oars of juniper and boats of pine.

Synonyms

• 圓柏／圆柏 (yuánbǎi)

Compounds

• 檜木／桧木 (guìmù)
• 檜柏／桧柏
• 紅檜／红桧 (hóngguì)

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huì, kuài (hui⁴, kuai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ, ㄎㄨㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kui²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland China)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huì
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
    • Wade–Giles: hui⁴
    • Yale: hwèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
    • Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuài
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuài
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuai⁴
    • Yale: kwài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuay
    • Palladius: куай (kuaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kui²
    • Yale: kúi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kui²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kui²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuːi̯³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: kwajH

Rime
Character	檜
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	泰 (26)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古外切
Baxter	kwajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑiH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑiH/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwajH/
Li Rong	/kuɑiH/
Wang Li	/kuɑiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gui3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤ[o][p]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːbs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	檜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guì
Middle Chinese	‹ kwajH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁ[o][p]-s/
English	ornament on coffin
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	檜
Reading #	1/2
No.	5499
Phonetic component	會
Rime group	蓋
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	儈
Old Chinese	/*koːbs/

Definitions

檜

1. Used in personal names.

   秦檜／秦桧  ―  Qín Huì  ―  Qin Hui

Usage notes

• Its use in personal names is now rare because of Qin Hui (1090-1155), a chancellor of the Southern Song who is widely regarded and condemned as a traitor to the Chinese people for his part in the persecution and execution of his political enemy, Yue Fei, a general who fought for the Song against the Jin dynasty during the Jin–Song Wars.

Japanese

Shinjitai	桧
Kyūjitai	檜

Kanji

檜

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 桧)

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)^{←け (ke, historical)←くゑ (kwe, ancient)}、かち (kachi)^{←くわち (kwati, historical)}
• Kan-on: かい (kai)^{←くわい (kwai, historical)}、かつ (katsu)^{←くわつ (kwatu, historical)}
• Kun: ひ (hi, 檜)、ひのき (hinoki, 檜)

Compounds

• 老檜(ろうかい) (rōkai)
• 翌檜(アスナロ) (asunaro), 翌檜(アスナロウ) (asunarō)

Etymology 1

檜 (hinoki): a large Japanese cypress in Daichiji temple in Gifu City.

Kanji in this term
檜
ひのき Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
桧 (shinjitai) 檜木

Originally a compound of 檜 (hi, “Japanese cypress”, see below) +‎ の (no, attributive particle) +‎ 木 (ki, “tree”).

The wood and bark was commonly used as tinder, and the term was previously thought to be from 火 (hi, “fire”) +‎ の (no, attributive particle) +‎ 木 (ki, “tree”). However, later research into ancient kana usage in Old Japanese revealed that 檜 had a reading of ⟨pi₁⟩, while 火 was read as ⟨pi₂⟩, ruling out this derivation.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひのき [hìnókí] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) ひのき [híꜜnòkì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [çino̞kʲi]

• (Kyoto) ひ​のき [híꜜnòkì] (Kōki – [1])

Noun

檜(ひのき) or 檜(ヒノキ) • (hinoki) 

1. Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ヒノキ.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 檜(ひのき)翌檜(あすなろ) (hinoki asunaro)
• 檜(ひのき)笠(がさ) (hinokigasa)
• 檜(ひのき)玉(だま) (hinokidama)
• 檜(ひのき)綱(づな) (hinokizuna)
• 檜(ひのき)舞台(ぶたい) (hinoki butai)
• 明日(あす)は檜(ひのき) (asu wa hinoki)
• 木曽(きそ)檜(ひのき) (Kiso Hinoki)
• 台湾(たいわん)檜(ひのき) (Taiwan hinoki)

Descendants

• → English: hinoki
  • ⇒ English: hinokitiol

Proper noun

檜(ひのき) • (Hinoki) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
檜
ひ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

⟨pi₁⟩ → */pʲi/ → /ɸi/ → /hi/

From Old Japanese 檜 (pi₁), from Proto-Japonic *pi. Cognate with Okinawan 檜 (finuchi, < *pinoki).

First appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE.

Noun

檜(ひ) • (hi) 

1. (archaic, or in compounds) Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 檜(ひ)扇(おうぎ) (hiōgi)
• 檜(ひ)垣(がき) (higaki)
• 檜(ひ)笠(がさ) (higasa)
• 檜(ひ)隈(ぐま) (Higuma)
• 檜(ひ)曾(そ), 檜(ひ)楚(そ) (hiso)
  • 白(しら)檜(び)曾(そ) (shirabiso)
• 檜(ひの)枝(え)岐(また) (Hinoemata)
• 檜隈(ひのくま) (Hinokuma)
• 檜葉(ひば) (hiba)
• 檜(ひ)原(ばら) (hibara)
• 檜(ひ)物(もの) (himono)
• 檜(ひ)山(やま) (Hiyama)
• 檜(ひ)皮(わだ) (hiwada)
• 檜(ひ)破(わ)り子(ご) (hiwarigo)
• 明日(あす)檜(ひ) (asuhi)
• 黒(くろ)檜(び) (kurobi), 黒(くろ)檜(べ) (kurobe)
• 白(しら)檜(び) (shirabi), 白(しら)檜(べ) (shirabe)
• 唐(とう)檜(ひ) (tōhi)
• 紅(べに)檜(ひ) (benihi)

Korean

Hanja

檜 • (hoe, gwal) (hangeul 회, 괄, revised hoe, gwal, McCune–Reischauer hoe, kwal, Yale hoy, kwal)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 회목 (檜木, hoemok, “Japanese cypress”)

See also

See also

• 백 (柏, baek, “cypress”)
• 편백 (扁柏, pyeonbaek, “Japanese cypress”)
• 측백 (側柏, cheukbaek, “oriental thuja”)
• 괄 (栝, gwal, “juniper”)
• 향목 (香木, hyangmok, “juniper”)
• 노송 (老松, nosong, “Japanese cypress”)

Old Japanese

Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *pi. Cognate with Okinawan 檜 (finuchi, < *pinoki).

Noun

檜 (pi₁) (kana ひ)

1. Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
   • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 100:

     ...麻紀佐久比能美加度...

     ...maki₂ saku pi₁ no mi₁kado₁...

     ...this wooded palace of flourishing cypresses...

Descendants

• Japanese: 檜 (hi, hinoki)

Vietnamese

Han character

檜: Hán Nôm readings: cối

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.