狄

狄 U+72C4, 狄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72C4 ← 狃 [U+72C3] CJK Unified Ideographs 狅 → [U+72C5]

Translingual

Han character

狄 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 大竹火 (KHF), four-corner 4928₀, composition ⿰犭火)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 707, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20290
• Dae Jaweon: page 1120, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1337, character 1
• Unihan data for U+72C4

Chinese

trad.		狄
simp. #		狄
alternative forms		翟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 狄
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (狄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
逖	*tʰeːɡ
悐	*tʰeːɡ
狄	*deːɡ
荻	*deːɡ
梑	*deːɡ

Etymology

"northern foreigners"

Unknown. Goldin (2011) proposes that 狄 (dí)/翟 (dí) was a "pseudo-ethnonym" and meant "feathered"; Liji mentioned that the Dí's clothings were made of birds' feathers and mammals' hairs[1]. If so, see 翟 (dí) for more etymology.

"low servant"

Either based on the northern foreigners' endo-ethnonym, or more likely Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Monic *ɗiik, Proto-Bahnaric *ɗɨc, as well as Proto-Mon-Khmer **ɗiək ~ ɗiik ~ *ɗik (“slave”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dí, tì (di², ti⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˊ, ㄊㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dik⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): te̍k / tia̍k
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸diq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dí
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dí
    • Wade–Giles: ti²
    • Yale: dí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dyi
    • Palladius: ди (di)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tì
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tì
    • Wade–Giles: tʻi⁴
    • Yale: tì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tih
    • Palladius: ти (ti)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dik⁶
    • Yale: dihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɪk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ti̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dek
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /tiɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸diq
    • MiniDict: dih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵diq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /diɪʔ¹²/

---

• Middle Chinese: dek

Rime
Character	狄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒歷切
Baxter	dek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/dek̚/
Wang Li	/diek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤek/

  (Zhengzhang): /*deːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	狄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dí
Middle Chinese	‹ dek ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁek/
English	(name of a northern tribe)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	狄
Reading #	1/1
No.	2206
Phonetic component	狄
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	荻
Old Chinese	/*deːɡ/

Definitions

狄

1. the Di people; Zhou dynasty era term for tribes from northern China
2. ^† low servant
3. ^† Alternative form of 翟
4. a surname

   狄仁傑／狄仁杰  ―  Dí Rénjié  ―  Di Renjie (Tang dynasty chancellor)

Compounds

• 亞加狄亞／亚加狄亚
• 儀狄／仪狄
• 北狄 (Běidí)
• 夷狄 (yídí)
• 庫狄／库狄
• 戎狄 (róngdí)
• 揄狄
• 狄宮／狄宫
• 狄牙
• 狄良突盧／狄良突卢
• 白狄
• 簡狄／简狄
• 蠻夷戎狄／蛮夷戎狄 (mányí róngdí)

 

Japanese

Kanji

狄

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. barbarian

Readings

• On (unclassified): てき (teki)
• Kun: えびす (ebisu)

Compounds

• 夷狄(いてき) (iteki)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 狄 (MC dek). Recorded as Middle Korean 뎍〮 (tyék) (Yale: tyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

狄 (eumhun 오랑캐 적 (orangkae jeok))

1. hanja form^? of 적 (“tribe from northern China”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 이적 (夷狄, ijeok)
• 북적 (北狄, bukjeok)
• 융적 (戎狄, yungjeok)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

狄: Hán Nôm readings: địch, đệt

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.