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Dioscoreales & Liliales 		Flora of New York — Asparagales (1)
Orchidaceae 		→
Asparagales (2)
Hypoxidaceae, Iridaceae, Asphodelaceae
Table of
contents 		Genus
index 		Protected species index Invasive species index


Superorder Order Family Subfamily Tribe Genus Common names #
lilioid
monocots 		Dioscoreales Nartheciaceae — — Aletris colic root 1
Narthecium asphodel x
Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreoideae — Dioscorea yam 2
Liliales Colchicaceae — Uvularieae Uvularia bellwort 4
Colchiceae Colchium autumn crocus x
Melanthiaceae — Melanthieae Melanthium bunchflower 2
Veratrum false hellebore 1
Anticlea death camas 1
Amianthium fly poison 1
Stenanthium featherbells 6
Heloniadeae Helonias swamp pink 1
Chionographideae Chamaelirium fairywand, devil's bit 1
Parideae Trillium trillium, wake-robin 7
Smilacaceae — — Smilax greenbrier 7
Liliaceae Calochortoideae — Streptopus twisted stalk 2
Prosartes fairy bells 1
Medeoloideae — Clintonia bluebead 1
Medeola Indian cucumber 2
Lilioideae Tulipeae Tulipa wild tulip 1
Lilieae Erythronium trout lily 2
Lilium lily 6
Asparagales Orchidaceae Vanilloideae Pogonieae Pogonia snakemouth orchid 3
Isotria fiveleaf orchid 3
Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium lady's slipper 7
Epidendroideae Neottieae Epipactis helleborine 2
Neottia twayblade 4
Triphoreae Triphora noddingcaps 1
Arethuseae Arethusa dragon's mouth 2
Malaxideae Liparis widelip-orchid 2
Malaxis adder's-mouth-orchid 3
Maxillarieae Corallorhiza coralroot 6
Aplectrum Adam and Eve 1
Calypsoeae Calypso fairy slipper 1
Tipularia cranefly orchid 1
Orchidoideae Orchideae Amerorchis roundleaf orchis 1
Coeloglossum frog-orchid 1
Galearis galearis 1
Platanthera fringed-orchid 18
Cranichideae Goodyera rattlesnake-plantain 3
Spiranthes ladies'-tresses 14
Hypoxidaceae — — Hypoxis eastern yellow stargrass 1
Iridaceae Iridoideae Irideae Iris iris 10
Sisyrinchieae Sisyrinchium blue-eyed grass 7
Crocoideae Ixiae Crocus crocus 4
Asphodelaceae Hemerocallidoieae Hemerocallideae Hemerocallis daylily 2
Amaryllidaceae Allioideae Allieae Allium garlic, onion, leek, chives 14
Amaryllidoideae Narcisseae Narcissus daffodil 4
Galantheae Galanthus snowdrop 2
Leucojum snowflake 1
Asparagaceae Scilloideae Ornithogaleae Ornithogalum star-of-Bethlehem 2
Hyacintheae Chionodoxa glory of the snow 1
Hyacinthoides English-bluebell 2
Muscari grape-hyacinth 1
Scilla squill 1
Agavoideae Agaveae Yucca Adam's needle 1
Hosta plantain lily 4
Camassia Atlantic camas 0
Asparagoideae — Asparagus asparagus 1
Nolinoideae Convallarieae Convallaria lily-of-the-valley 2
Polygonateae Maianthemum mayflower 4
Polygonatum Solomon's-seal 3
The classification scheme used here for the order Asparagales is from P.F. Stevens, (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, April 2015. - University of Missouri, St Louis, and Missouri Botanical Garden.
intro
[edit | edit source]
Orchidaceae
 
 
Apostasioideae

 

 
 
 
 
Vanilloideae
Vanilleae

 

 
Pogonieae
 

Pogonia ophioglossoides (rose pogonia)

 
 

Isotria (2 whorled pogonia taxa)

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cypripedioideae

Cypripedium (8 lady's slipper taxa)

 
 
 
Orchidoideae
 
Cranichideae
Goodyerinae 

Goodyera (3 rattlesnake-plantain taxa)

 
Spiranthinae 

Spiranthes (15 ladies’ tresses taxa)

 
 
Diurideae

 

 
 
 
Codonorchideae

 

 
Orchideae - Orchidinae
 

Dactylorhiza viridis (long-bract frog orchid)

 
 

Galearis spectabilis (showy orchid)

 
 

Amerorchis rotundifolia (round-leaved orchid)

 
 

Platanthera (18 fringed orchid taxa)

 
 
 
 
Epidendroideae
 
Neottieae
 

Neottia (4 twayblade taxa)

 
 

Epipactis helleborine (weed orchid)

 
 
 
 
 
Sobralieae

 

 
 
 
 
Wullschlaegelieae

 

 
 
 
Thaieae

 

 
 
 
 
Triphoreae

Triphora trianthophoros (nodding pogonia)

 
 
 
 
Xerorchideae

 

 
 
 
 
Gastrodieae

 

 
Nervilieae

 

 
 
 
 
Tropidieae

 

 
 
 
 
Arethuseae
 

Arethusa bulbosa (dragon’s mouth)

 
 

Calopogon tuberosus (grass pink)

 
 
 
 
 
Malaxideae -
Malaxidinae
 

Liparis (2 wide lip orchid taxa)

 
 

Malaxis (3 adder’s mouth taxa)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collabieae

 

 
 
 
Podochileae

 

 
 
 
 
 
Vandeae

 

 
 
 
Cymbidieae

 

 
Epidendreae -
Calypsoinae
 

Corallorhiza (6 coral-root taxa)

 
 

Aplectrum hyemale (puttyroot, Adam & Eve)

 
 

Calypso bulbosa (fairy slipper)

 
 

Tipularia discolor (cranefly orchid)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Family Orchidaceae

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The Orchidaceae (orchid family) has about 20 genera with close to 70 taxa growing outside of cultivation in New York.[1]

The organization used here is based on Chase et al. (2015)[2]

  1. ↑ Orchidaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.
  2. ↑ Mark W. Chase, Kenneth M. Cameron, John V. Freudenstein, Alec M. Pridgeon, Gerardo Salazar, Cássio van den Berg, André Schuiteman, An updated classification of Orchidaceae, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 177, Issue 2, February 2015, Pages 151–174.

Subfamily Vanilloideae

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The Vanilloideae ...

Tribe Pogonieae

[edit | edit source]
Pogonia
[edit | edit source]
Pogonia ophioglossoides
rose pogonia
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Vanilloideae — Pogonieae
Genus Pogonia Pogonia N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Ker Gawl.
1753. Arethusa ophioglossoides  L.
1816. Pogonia ophioglossoides  Ker Gawl.
1921. Pogonia ophioglossoides  var. brachypogon  Fernald
 Rose pogonia,
Snakemouth orchid,
Snake-mouth orchid
Pogonie langue-de-serpent,
Pogonie à langue de serpent 		Native,
Likely secure,
CITES II
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4
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Isotria
[edit | edit source]
Isotria verticillata
large whorled pogonia
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Vanilloideae — Pogonieae
Genus Isotria Raf. (1808) Fiveleaf orchid N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf.
1805. Arethusa verticillata  Muhl. ex Willd.
1808. Isotria verticillata  Raf.
1818. Pogonia verticillata  Nutt.
 Large whorled pogonia,
Large whorled pogonia orchid,
Purple five-leaved orchid,
Purple fiveleaf orchid
Isotrie verticillée,
Grande pogonie verticillée 		Native,
Vulnerable,
DEC-D[1],
CITES II

NYFA: 3-4
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 (Pursh) Raf.
1813. Arethusa medeoloides  Pursh
1838. Isotria medeoloides  (Pursh) Raf.
1867. Pogonia affinis  Austin ex A.Gray
Small whorled pogonia
Native,
Endangered,
DEC-A[2]

NYFA: Z
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.
  2. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

Subfamily Cypripedioideae

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Cypripedioideae distribution map
The Cypripedioideae consists of the lady's slipper orchids in the genera Cypripedium, Mexipedium, Paphiopedilum, Phragmipedium and Selenipedium. Of these, only Cypripedium species are native or naturalized in New York State (and much of the temperate northern hemisphere.

Cypripedium

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The genus Cypripedium contains about 60 taxa worldwide. Seven of these are native to New York State.
Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium
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Cypripedium subgenus Cypripedium contains 3 sections of native lady' slippers.
  • pink lady's slipper (sect. Acaulia),
  • yellow lady's slippers (sect. Cypripedium), and
  • ram's head lady's slipper (sect. Arietinum).
Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Acaulia
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Cypripedium acaule
Pink lady's slipper (sect. Acaulia)
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Acaulia
Genus Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Acaulia Lady's-slipper N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Aiton
1768.  Cypripedium hirsutum  Mill. in…
1789.  Cypripedium acaule  Aiton in…
1791.  Cypripedium humile  Salisb. in…
1903.  Fissipes acaulis  (Aiton) Small in…
1913.  Calceolus hirsutus  (Mill.) Nieuwl. in…
1917.  Fissipes hirsuta  (Mill.) Farw. in…
1920.  Fissipes acaulis  f. lancifolia  House  ...
1938.  Fissipes hirsuta  f. albiflora  (E.L.Rand & Redfield) Farw.  ...
1995.  Cypripedium acaule  f. biflorum  P.M.Br.  ...
 Pink lady's-slipper,
Moccasin flower,
Stemless lady’s-slipper
Cypripède acaule,
Cypripède rose,
Sabot de la Vierge 		Native, CoC: 5,
Likely secure
FACW

NYFA: 4
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Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Cypripedium
[edit | edit source]
Cypripedium parviflorum
Yellow lady's slippers (sect. Cypripedium)
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Cypripedium
Genus Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Cypripedium Lady's-slipper N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Salisb.
 var. makasin (Farw.) Sheviak
1918. Cypripedium makasin  Farw.
1918. Cypripedium pubescens  var. makasin  Farw.
1993. Cypripedium parviflorum  var. makasin  (Farw.) Sheviak
 Northern yellow lady's slipper,
Greater yellow lady's slipper,
Small yellow lady's slipper
Cypripède mocassin 		Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
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 Salisb.
 var. pubescens (Willd.) O.W.Knight
1804. Cypripedium pubescens  Willd.
1906. Cypripedium parviflorum  var. pubescens  O.W.Knight
1938. Cypripedium calceolus  var. pubescens  Correll
 Greater yellow lady's slipper,
Large yellow lady's slipper
Cypripède pubescent,
Cypripède jaune
  variété à pétales plats 		Native,
Vulnerable

NYFA: 3
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 Salisb.
 var. parviflorum
1791. Cypripedium parviflorum  Salisb.
1913. Calceolus parviflorus  (Salisb.) Nieuwl.
1946. Cypripedium calceolus  var. parviflorum  (Salisb.) Fernald
1968. Cypripedium calceolus  ssp. parviflorum  (Salisb.) Hultén
 Small yellow lady's-slipper Native,
Endangered

NYFA: Z
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 Muhl. ex Willd.
1805. Cypripedium candidum  Muhl. ex Willd.
1913. Calceolus candidus  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nieuwl.
 Small white lady's slipper,
White lady's slipper 		Native,
Endangered

NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
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 L.
1753. Cypripedium calceolus  L.
 Eurasian lady's-slipper Introduced from
 Eurasia,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
NYFA: excluded
0 counties
Kew WCSP
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Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Arietinum
[edit | edit source]
Cypripedium arietinum
Ram's head lady's slipper (Cypripedium arietinum) is listed as threatened in New York State.[1]
  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Cypripedium arietinum. Jan. 13, 2024.
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Arietinum
Genus Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Arietinum Lady's-slipper N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 R.Br.
1813.  Cypripedium arietinum  R.Br. in…
1818.  Criosanthes borealis  Raf. in…
1833.  Arietinum americanum  L.C.Beck in…
1905.  Criosanthes arietina  (R.Br.) House in…
1923.  Cypripedium arietinum  f. albiflorum  House  ...
1995.  Cypripedium arietinum  f. biflorum  P.M.Br. ...
 Ram's head lady's slipper,
Ram's head
Cypripède tête-de-bélier 		Native, CoC: 9,
Threatened,
S2, G3
FACW
Perennial,
Herb

NYFA: 2
NYFA: 13 counties
iNat
4 counties
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Cypripedium subg. Irapeana
[edit | edit source]
Cypripedium reginae
Cypripedium subgenus Irapeana section Irapeana contains the showy lady's slipper (Cypripedium reginae).
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium subg. Irapeana
Genus Cypripedium subg. Irapeana sect. Obtusiflora Lady's-slipper N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Walter
1788. Cypripedium reginae  Walter
1913. Calceolus reginae  (Walter) Nieuwl.,
 Showy lady's-slipper,
Pink-and-white lady's-slipper,
Queen's lady's-slipper
Cypripède royal 		Native,
Vulnerable
FACW

NYFA: 3
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Subfamily Orchidoideae

[edit | edit source]

Tribe Cranichideae

[edit | edit source]
Subtribe Goodyerinae
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Goodyera
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Goodyera pubescens
Of the four North American (north of Mexico) rattlesnake plantains (Goodyera spp.), probably three are found in New York.
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Cranichideae — Goodyerinae — Goodyera
Genus Goodyera Rattlesnake plantain N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Willd.) R.Br.
1805.  Neottia pubescens  Willd. in…
1813.  Goodyera pubescens  R.Br. in…
1891.  Orchiodes pubescens  (Willd.) Kuntze in…
1893.  Peramium pubescens  (Willd.) Curtiss ex Small & Vail in…
1900.  Peramium tesselatum  A.Heller in…
1908.  Epipactis pubescens  (Willd.) A.A.Eaton in…
1910.  Epipactis willdenovii  House in…
 Downy rattlesnake-plantain
Goodyérie pubescente 		Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure,
S4-S5, G5
FACU
Perennial,
Herb,
2n = 26.

NYFA: 4-5
NYFA: ? counties
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? counties
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 (L.) R.Br.
1753.  Satyrium repens  L. in…
1813.  Goodyera repens  (L.) R.Br. in…
1899.  Goodyera repens  var. ophioides  Fernald  in…
1901.  Peramium ophioides  Rydb. in…
1931.  Goodyera ophioides  (Fernald) Rydb. in…
 Dwarf rattlesnake-plantain,
Lesser rattlesnake-plantain
Goodyérie rampante 		Native, CoC: 9,
Likely secure,
S4-S5, G5
FACU
Perennial,
Herb,
2n = 30

NYFA: 4-5
NYFA: ? counties
iNat
GBIF
5 counties
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 G.Lodd.
  Goodyera oblongifolia ×
  Goodyera repens
1824.  Goodyera tesselata  G.Lodd. in…
1891.  Orchiodes tesselatum  (G.Lodd.) Kuntze in…
1908.  Epipactis tesselata  (G.Lodd.) A.A.Eaton in…
1979.  Goodyera repens  var. tesselata  (G.Lodd.) B.Boivin  in…
 Checkered rattlesnake plantain,
Tesselated rattlesnake-plantain,
Loddiges' rattlesnake-plantain
Goodyérie panachée 		Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure,
S4
FACU
Perennial,
Herb,
2n = 45, 60

NYFA: 4
NYFA: 26 counties
iNat
14 counties
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 Raf.
1833. Goodyera oblongifolia  Raf.
1908. Epipactis decipiens  Benth.
1923. Goodyera decipiens  Hubbard
 Western rattlesnake plantain,
Giant rattlesnake plantain
Goodyérie à feuilles oblongues 		Native,
Unranked,
2n = 30

NYFA: D
NYFA: Not listed
iNat
Upper Great Lakes
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Subtribe Spiranthinae
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Spiranthes
[edit | edit source]
Spiranthes cernua complex
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Spiranthes cernua
Nodding ladies'-tresses
Morphologically, the species of the Spiranthes cernua complex are known to be quite variable within species but relatively similar from one species to another. Recent molecular phylogenetic research has redefined this group by moving some species in or out, confirming hybrid origins, and adding newly published species.[1]
  1. ↑ Matthew C. Pace, Kenneth M. Cameron (2017) "The Systematics of the Spiranthes cernua Species Complex (Orchidaceae): Untangling the Gordian Knot," Systematic Botany, American Society of Plant Taxonomists, Vol. 42, No. 4, December 2017, pp. 640-669(30). https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X696537
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Cranichideae — Spiranthes
Genus Spiranthes Ladies' tresses N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Rich.
1753. Ophrys cernua L.
1800. Neottia cernua (L.) Willd.
1817. Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich.
1891. Gyrostachys cernua (L.) Kuntze
1905. Ibidium cernuum (L.) House
1913. Triorchis cernua (L.) Nieuwl.
 Nodding lady's tresses,
Nodding ladies'-tresses
Spiranthe penchée,
Spiranthe cernuée 		Native, CoC: 2,
Likely secure
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4
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 (Rydb.) Rydb.
1901. Gyrostachys ochroleuca Rydb.
1905. Spiranthes cernua  var. ochroleuca  Ames
1932. Spiranthes ochroleuca Rydb.
1941. Spiranthes × steigeri Correll
Yellow ladies'-tresses ⓘ
Yellow nodding ladies'-tresses ⓘ
Spiranthe jaunâtre ⓘ
Native, CoC: 7,
Secure
N. R.
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5
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 Catling & Cruise
 var. casei
1974. Spiranthes casei Catling & Cruise
1981. Spiranthes casei  var. casei  Catling (autonym)
 auct. Spiranthes × intermedia non Ames
 auct. Spiranthes vernalis non Engelm & A.Gray
 Case's ladies'-tresses
Spiranthe de Case 		Native, CoC: 2,
Threatened
N. R.
Perennial,
Herb-forb
Clinton, Cortland, Essex, Franklin, Genesee, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, St.Lawrence, Wyoming
NYFA: 3-4
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 Sheviak
1973. Spiranthes magnicamporum  Sheviak
 Great Plains ladies'-tresses,
Great Plains lady's-tresses 		Native, CoC: 8,
Endangered,
CITES-II
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb
Jefferson, St. Lawrence
NYFA: 1
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 (Jenn.) M.C.Pace
  Spiranthes cernua (s.s.) ×
  Spiranthes magnicamporum
2017. Spiranthes incurva  (Jenn.) M.C.Pace
 Sphinx ladies’ tresses,
Ancient hybrid of
 Nodding ladies’ tresses &
 Great Plains ladies'-tresses 		Native,
Unranked,
Herb-forb
Fulton, Hamilton, Oswego
NYFA: NU
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 M.C. Pace
2017. Spiranthes arcisepala M.C.Pace
Appalachian ladies’ tresses ⓘ
Native,
Unranked
Delaware, Hamilton
NYFA: NU
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 Lindl.
 var. erostellata Catling
1840. Spiranthes ovalis  Lindl.
1983. Spiranthes ovalis  var. erostellata  Catling
 October ladies’ tresses Native,
Endangered,
Herb-forb
St. Lawrence only
NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
FNA
Tropicos
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Spiranthes outside of cernua complex
[edit | edit source]
Spiranthes lucida
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Cranichideae — Spiranthes
Genus Spiranthes Ladies' tresses N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (H.H.Eaton) Ames
1832. Neottia lucida H.H.Eaton
1833. Spiranthes plantaginea (Raf.) Raf.
1905. Ibidium plantagineum (Raf.) House
1908. Spiranthes lucida (H.H.Eaton) Ames
 Shining ladies'-tresses,
Wide-leaved ladies'-tresses
Spiranthe lustrée,
Spiranthe brillante 		Native, CoC: 4,
Secure
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 5
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 Cham.
1828. Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham.
1900. Gyrostachys stricta Rydb.
1905. Ibidium strictum House
1909. Spiranthes stricta A.Nelson
 Hooded ladies'-tresses,
Irish lady's-tresses
Spiranthe de Romanzoff 		Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
BONAP
IPN
Images
Wikispecies
 (Raf.) Raf.
var. lacera
1818. Neottia lacera Raf.
1833. Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf.
 Northern
  slender ladies'-tresses,
Northern
  slender lady's tresses
Spiranthe découpée,
Spiranthe lacérée 		Native, CoC: 5,
Likely secure
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 (Raf.) Raf.
var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer
1824. Neottia gracilis  Bigelow
1833. Spiranthes gracilis  (Bigelow) L.C.Beck
1840. Spiranthes beckii  Lindl.
1905. Ibidium gracile  (Bigelow) House
1906. Ibidium beckii  House
1975. Spiranthes lacera  var. gracilis  (Bigelow) Luer
 Southern
  slender ladies'-tresses,
Slender lady's tresses
Spiranthe grêle,
Spiranthe gracile 		Native, CoC: 5,
Unranked
FAC-FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 3-4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 Raf.
1833. Spiranthes tuberosa  Raf.
1904. Spiranthes grayi  Ames
1867. Spiranthes simplex  A.Gray
1946. Spiranthes tuberosa  var. grayi  (Ames) Fernald
 Little ladies'-tresses,
Little lady's tresses
Spiranthe 		Native, CoC: 10,
Very vulnerable
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 3
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Engelm. & A.Gray
1845. Spiranthes vernalis  Engelm. & A.Gray
1891. Gyrostachys vernalis  Kuntze
1905. Ibidium vernale  House
1908. Spiranthes sinensis  (Pers.) Ames
 Twisted ladies'-tresses,
Spring ladies'-tresses,
Spring lady's tresses,
Upland ladiestresses
Spiranthe 		Native, CoC: 7,
Especially vulnerable,
NYNHP: S1S2[1]
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 1
Go Botany
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Spiranthes (excluded taxa) Ladies' tresses N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Walter) S. Watson
1788. Limodorum praecox  Walter
1890. Spiranthes praecox  (Walter) S. Watson
1906. Ibidium praecox  (Walter) House
1913. Triorchis praecox  (Walter) Nieuwl.
 Greenvein lady's tresses N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-N0
FNA
IPN
Images
Wikispecies
Catling & Sheviak
  S. lacera var. lacera ×
  S. romanzoffiana
 Native,
No reports

FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 P.M.Brown
  S. lacera var. gracilis ×
  S. tuberosa
 Native,
No reports

Images
Wikispecies
 Ames
  S. lacera var. gracilis ×
  S. vernalis
 Native,
No reports

Images
Wikispecies
  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2019. Online Conservation Guide for Spiranthes vernalis. Available from: https://guides.nynhp.org/spring-ladies-tresses/. Accessed May 7, 2019.

Tribe Orchideae

[edit | edit source]
Dactylorhiza
[edit | edit source]
Dactylorhiza viridis
Molecular studies have shown that Coeloglossum is embedded within a monophyletic Dactylorhiza clade, prompting Coeloglossum viride to be transferred to Dactylorhiza viridis by R. M. Bateman et al. 1997, even though morphologic differences are apparent.[1]

The 2022 New York Rare Plant Status List shows Coeloglossum viride. Long-bracted Orchid. G5. S1S2. E (endangered).[2]

  1. ↑ Charles J. Sheviak, Paul M. Catling (2020). Coeloglossum viride. FNA Volume 26. Flora of North America Association. 5 November 2020.
  2. ↑ Ring, Richard M. New York Rare Plant Status Lists. New York Natural Heritage Program, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Albany, NY. December 2022. 108 pp.
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Dactylorhiza
Genus Dactylorhiza Frog orchid N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
1753.  Satyrium viride  L. in…
1769.  Orchis viridis  (L.) Crantz in…
1813.  Habenaria viridis  (L.) R.Br. in…
1813.  Habenaria bracteata  (Muhl. ex Willd.) R.Br. in…
1820.  Coeloglossum viride  (L.) Hartm. in…
1827.  Chamorchis viridis  (L.) Dumort. in…
1829.  Platanthera viridis  (L.) Lindl. in…
1830.  Himantoglossum viride  (L.) Rchb. in…
1850.  Coeloglossum bracteatum  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Parl. ex Willd. in…
1975.  Coeloglossum viride  var. virescens  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Luer  in…
1997.  Dactylorhiza viridis  (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase in…
2013.  Dactylorhiza viridis  var. virescens  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Baumbach in…
Frog orchid ⓘ
Long-bracted orchid ⓘ
Frog-orchis ⓘ
Longbract frog orchid
Long-bract green orchis
Long-bracted green orchid ⓘ
Native, CoC: 9,
Endangered,
S1-S2, G5
FAC-FACU
Perennial,
Herb

NYFA: 4
NYFA: ? counties
iNat
Hamilton 2016-18
USDA-NN
COL
Go Botany
FNAFNA
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
Galearis
[edit | edit source]
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Galearis
Genus Galearis Raf. Galearis N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Raf.
1753. Orchis spectabilis  L.
1826. Habenaria spectabilis  Spreng.
1833. Galearis spectabilis  Raf.
1901. Galeorchis spectabilis  Rydb.
 Showy orchid,
Showy orchis 		Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Amerorchis
[edit | edit source]
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Amerorchis
Genus Amerorchis Amerorchis N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
(Banks ex Pursh) Hultén
1814. Orchis rotundifolia  Banks ex Pursh
1966. Ponerorchis rotundifolia  Soó
1968. Amerorchis rotundifolia  Hultén
2009. Galearis rotundifolia  R.M.Bateman
 Round-leaved orchis Native,
Likely extirpated

NYFA: Z
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Platanthera
[edit | edit source]
The grouping used here for the Platanthera species is based primarily on Argue (2012).[1]
  1. ↑ Charles L. Argue (2012) The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 1. pp. 81-179.
Platanthera: Limnorchis group
[edit | edit source]
Platanthera dilatata
white bog orchid, bog candle
[1]
  1. ↑ Argue C.L. (2012) Limnorchis Group. In: The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 1. pp 87-107. Springer, New York, NY
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Limnorchis group
Genus Platanthera Limnorchis group Fringed orchid N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Sheviak
1753. Orchis hyperborea  L. s.l.p.p.
1813. Habenaria hyperborea  (L.) R.Br. s.l.p.p.
1835. Platanthera hyperborea  (L.) Lindl. s.l.p.p.
1900. Limnorchis hyperborea  (L.) Rydb. s.l.p.p.
1989. Platanthera hyperborea  f. alba  M.H.S.Light
1999. Platanthera aquilonis  Sheviak
2008. Limnorchis aquilonis  (Sheviak) Rebrist. & Elven
2009. Limnorchis aquilonis  f. alba  (M.H.S.Light) P.M.Br., S.L.Stewart & Gamarra
 Northern green orchid,
Tall northern green orchid,
North wind bog-orchid,
Eagle rein orchid,
Sheviak's bog orchid
Platanthère du Nord 		Native,
Likely secure
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 var. dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex L.C.Beck
1814. Orchis dilatata Pursh
1825. Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook.
1833. P. dilatata Lindl. ex L.C.Beck
1839. P. dilatata Hook.
1901. Limnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rydb.
 Bog-candle,
Scent-bottle,
White bog-orchid,
White northern bog-orchid,
Tall white bog orchid
Platanthère dilatée 		Native,
Likely secure
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
IPN
Images
Wikispecies
 (Nutt.) Lindl.
1818. Orchis huronensis Nutt.
1826. Platanthera huronensis (Nutt.) Spreng.
1835. Habenaria huronensis (Nutt.) Lindl.
1901. Limnorchis × media Rydb.
1904. Habenaria × media (Rydb.) G.G.Niles
1923. Habenaria hyperborea Farw.
1975. Platanthera × media (Rydb.) Luer
1975. Platanthera hyperborea  var. huronensis  Luer
 Huron green orchid,
Lake Huron green orchid,
Lake Huron green bog-orchid,
Fragrant green orchid,
Intermediate bog orchid,
Northern green bog orchid
Platanthère du lac Huron 		Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Platanthera aquilonis × dilatata
  Platanthera aquilonis ×
  Platanthera dilatata
 Hybrid of
 Northern green orchid &
 Bog-candle 		Native,
Not reported
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: D
Images
Wikispecies
Platanthera dilatata × huronensis
  Platanthera dilatata ×
  Platanthera huronensis
 Hybrid of
 Bog-candle &
 Huron green orchid 		Native,
Not reported
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: D
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Platanthera Limnorchis group (excluded taxa) Fringed orchid N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Lindl.
1767. Orchis hyperborea  L.
1813. Habenaria hyperborea  (L.) R. Br.
1900. Limnorchis hyperborea  (L.) Rydb.
1835. Platanthera hyperborea  (L.) Lindl.
 Northern green orchid Introduced,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-00
ARS-GRIN
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Platanthera: Flava group
[edit | edit source]
Platanthera flava var herbiola
The two varieties of Platanthera flava (palegreen orchid) are native to eastern North America with Platanthera flava var. flava found in the southern part of the species range and Platanthera flava var. herbiola found in the northern part of the range, which includes New York State.
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Flava group
Genus Platanthera Flava group Fringed orchid N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Lindl.
 var. herbiola (R.Br.) Luer
1813. Habenaria herbiola  R.Br.
1943. Habenaria flava  var. herbiola  (R.Br.) Ames & Correll
1975. Platanthera flava  var. herbiola  (R.Br.) Luer
Palegreen orchid,
Pale green orchid,
Northern tubercled bog-orchid 		Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Genus Platanthera Flava group (excluded taxa) Fringed orchid N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Lindl.
 var. flava
1753. Orchis flava  L.
1826. Habenaria flava  (L.) R.Br.
1835. Platanthera flava  (L.) Lindl.
1901. Perularia flava  (L.) Rydb.
1973. Tulotis flava  (L.) Senghas
 Palegreen orchid N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Platanthera: Platanthera group
[edit | edit source]
Platanthera obtusata is pollinated by mosquitoes.[1]
  1. ↑ Go Botany (3.9), 2023 Native Plant Trust


Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Platanthera group
Genus Platanthera Platanthera group Fringed orchid N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Pursh) Lindl.
1814. Orchis orbiculata  Pursh
1826. Habenaria orbiculata  Torr.
1835. Platanthera menziesii  Lindl.
1835. Platanthera orbiculata  Lindl.
1901. Lysias orbiculata  (Pursh) Rydb.
1950. Habenaria orbiculata  var. lehorsii  Fernald
1950. Habenaria orbiculata  var. menziesii  Fernald
1977. Platanthera orbiculata  var. lehorsii  W.J.Schrenk
 Lesser roundleaved orchid,
Lesser roundleaved rein orchid,
Small roundleaved orchid,
Large round-leaved orchid
Platanthère à feuilles orbiculaires,
Habénaire à feuilles orbiculaires 		Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4?
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 (Goldie) P.M.Brown
1822. Habenaria macrophylla  Goldie
1906. Lysias macrophylla  House
1929. Habenaria orbiculata  f. macrophylla  F.J.A.Morris & E.A.Eames
1967. Habenaria orbiculata  var. macrophylla  B.Boivin
1975. Platanthera orbiculata  var. macrophylla  Luer
1988. P. macrophylla  P.M.Brown
 Greater round-leaved orchid,
Large-leaved bog-orchid,
Dinner plate orchid,
Goldie's round-leaved orchid
Platanthère à grandes feuilles,
Habénaire à grandes feuilles 		Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4?
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
NatureServe
BONAP
Images
Wikispecies
 (Banks ex Pursh) Lindl.
1814. Orchis obtusata  Banks ex Pursh
1823. Habenaria obtusata  Richardson
1835. Platanthera obtusata  Lindl.
1900. Lysiella obtusata  Rydb.
1926. Habenaria obtusata  var. collectanea  Fernald
 Small northern bog-orchid,
Blunt-leaved orchid,
Blunt-leaved bog-orchid,
One-leaved rein orchid
Platanthère à feuille obtuse,
Habénaire à feuille obtuse 		Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 (Torr. ex A.Gray) Lindl.
1835. Habenaria hookeri  Torr. ex A.Gray
1835. Habenaria hookeriana  Lindl.
1835. Platanthera hookeri  Lindl.
1870. Orchis hookeri  Alph. Wood
1901. Lysias hookeri  Rydb.
1901. Lysias hookeriana  Rydb.
1933. Habenaria hookeri  var. abbreviata  Fernald
1977. Platanthera hookeri  var. abbreviata  W.J.Schrenk
 Hooker's orchid
Platanthère de Hooker,
Habénaire de Hooker 		Native,
Endangered

NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Platanthera: Lacera group
[edit | edit source]
Platanthera psycodes
lesser purple fringed orchid
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Lacera group
Genus Platanthera Lacera group Fringed orchid N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Michx.) G.Don
1803. Orchis lacera  Michx.
1810. Habenaria lacera  R.Br.
1839. Platanthera lacera  G.Don
1900. Fimbriella lacera  Farw.
1901. Blephariglotis lacera  Farw.
1901. Blephariglottis lacera Farw.
1981. Fimbriella lacera  Butzin
 Green fringed bog-orchid,
Green fringed orchis,
Ragged orchis
Platanthère lacérée,
Habénaire lacérée 		Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) Lindl.
1753. Orchis psycodes  L.
1826. Habenaria psycodes  (L.) Spreng.
1835. P. psycodes  (L.) Llindl.
1981. Fimbriella psycodes  (L.) Butzin
 Lesser purple fringed orchid,
Lesser purple fringed bog-orchid
Platanthère papillon,
Habénaire papillon,
Habénaire frangée pourpre 		Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
 (Bigelow) Lindl.
1824. Orchis grandiflora  Bigelow
1835. Platanthera grandiflora  (Bigelow) Lindl.
1840. Habenaria psycodes  var. grandiflora  (Bigelow) A. Gray
 Large purple fringed orchis,
Greater purple fringed orchid 		Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
 (Nutt.) Lindl.
1835. Orchis leucophaea  Nutt.
1835. Platanthera leucophaea  Lindl.
1867. Habenaria leucophaea  A.Gray
 Eastern prairie white fringed orchid,
Eastern prairie white fringed bog-orchid 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
Likely extirpated
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ARS-GRIN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
FWS Images
Wikispecies
Genus Platanthera Lacera group (excluded taxa) Fringed orchid N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
1840. Habenaria peramoena  A.Gray
1848. Platanthera peramoena  (A.Gray) A.Gray
1901. Blephariglotis peramoena  (A.Gray) Rydb.
 Purple fringeless orchid N. America native,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-N0
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
  Platanthera lacera ×
  Platanthera psycodes
 Fringed orchid,
Hybrid of
 Green fringed orchis &
 Lesser purple fringed orchid 		Native,
Not listed

NYFA: 0
USDA-NN
Images
Wikispecies
 P.M.Catling & Brownell
  Platanthera lacera ×
  Platanthera leucophaea
 Fringed orchid,
Hybrid of
 Green fringed orchis &
 Eastern prairie
   white fringed orchid 		Native,
No reports

NYFA: 0
USDA-0N
VASCAN
ITIS
Images
Wikispecies
 P.M.Brown
  Platanthera grandiflora ×
  Platanthera lacera
 Hybrid of
 Large purple fringed orchis &
 Green fringed bog-orchid 		Native,
No reports

NYFA: D
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
Platanthera: Blephariglottis group
[edit | edit source]
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Blephariglottis group
Genus Platanthera Blephariglottis group Fringed orchid N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Willd.) Lindl.
var. blephariglottis
1805. Orchis blephariglottis  Willd.
1824. Habenaria blepharoglottis  Hook.
1835. Platanthera blephariglottis  Lindl.
1836. Blephariglottis albiflora  Raf.
1901. Blephariglottis blephariglottis  Rydb.
 White fringed orchis,
White fringed bog orchid
Platanthère à gorge frangée,
Habénaire à gorge frangée,
Habénaire frangée blanche 		Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ITIS
FNA
Images
Wikispecies
Small green woodland orchid Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
Go Botany
Images
Wikispecies
 (L.) Lindl.
1753. Orchis ciliaris  L.
1813. Habenaria ciliaris  (L.) R.Br.
1835. Platanthera ciliaris  (L.) Lindl.
1901. Blephariglottis ciliaris  (L.) Rydb.
1901. Blephariglotis ciliaris  (L.) Rydb.*
 Yellow fringed orchid,
Orange fringed bog orchid
Platanthère ciliée,
Habénaire ciliée 		Native,
Endangered
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
Go Botany
VASCAN
ITIS
FNA
Tropicos
Images
Wikispecies
Yellow crested orchis Native,
Endangered

NYFA: 1
Images
Wikispecies
  Platanthera blephariglottis ×
  Platanthera ciliaris
 Fringed orchid,
Hybrid of
 White fringed orchid &
 Yellow fringed orchid 		Native

Images
Wikispecies
  Platanthera blephariglottis ×
  Platanthera cristata
 Fringed orchid,
Hybrid of
 White fringed orchid &
 Yellow crested orchis 		Native

Images
Wikispecies
 F.W.Case
  Platanthera blephariglottis ×
  Platanthera clavellata
 Native,
No reports

NYFA: D
Images
Wikispecies

Subfamily Epidendroideae

[edit | edit source]

The Epidendroideae.

Tribe Neottieae

[edit | edit source]
Neottia
[edit | edit source]
Neottia cordata
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Neottieae — Neottia
Genus Neottia Guett. (1750) Twayblade N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Rich.
1753. Ophrys cordata  L.
1813. Listera cordata  (L.) R.Br.
1818. Neottia cordata  (L.) Rich.
1825. Distomaea cordata  (L.) Spenner
1867. Pollinirhiza cordata  (L.) Dulac
1891. Diphryllum cordatum  (L.) Kuntze
 Broadlipped twayblade,
Heart-leaved twayblade
Listère à feuilles cordées,
Listère à feuilles en coeur 		Native,
Vulnerable

NYFA: 3-4
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 (Raf.) Baumbach
1840. Listera australis  Lindl.
1852. Neottia australis  (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
1891. Diphryllum australe  Kuntze
1905. Ophrys australis  (Lindl.) House
1913. Bifolium australe  (Lindl.) Nieuwl.
2009. Neottia bifolia  (Raf.) Baumbach
 Southern twayblade
Listère australe 		Native,
Endangered

NYFA: 1-2
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 (Wiegand) Szlach.
1899. Listera auriculata  Wiegand
1905. Ophrys auriculata  House
1913. Bifolium auriculatum  Nieuwl.
1995. Neottia auriculata  Szlach.
 Auricled twayblade
Listère auriculée 		Native,
Endangered,
NYNHP: 1[1]

NYFA: 1
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 (Sw.) Rich.
1800. Epipactis convallarioides  Sw.
1817. Neottia convallarioides  Rich.
1818. Listera convallarioides  Nutt.
1823. Listera convallarioides  Nutt. ex Elliott
1905. Ophrys convallarioides  W.Wight ex House
1828. Listera eschscholziana  Cham. & Schltdl.
1840. Neottia eschscholziana  Steud.
 Broad-leaved twayblade,
Broad-lip twayblade
Listère faux-muguet 		Native,
Endangered,
NYNHP: 1[2]

NYFA: 1
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Genus Neottia (excluded taxa) Twayblade N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Case) Baumbach
  Neottia auriculata ×
  Neottia convallarioides
1964. Listera × veltmanii  Case
2009. Neottia × veltmanii  Baumbach
 Veltman's twayblade,
Veltman's listera,
Hybrid of
 Auricled twayblade &
 Broad-leaved twayblade
Listère de Veltman 		Native,
No reports
Perennial

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  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Listera auriculata. Endangered, S1/G3G4.
  2. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Listera convallarioides. Endangered, S1/G5.
Epipactis
[edit | edit source]
Epipactis helleborine
No Epipactis (helleborine) species are native to eastern North America, and the only one known to naturalize there is broad-leaved helleborine (the "weed orchid", Epipactis helleborine), which can be found in wooded areas in much of New York State.

The New York Flora atlas also lists Epipactis palustris (marsh orchid) collected only in Rensselaer County in 1990. The only research-grade iNaturalist observation of Epipactis palustris in North America is in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania (June 2014).[1]

  1. ↑ Epipactis palustris (Marsh Helleborine) iNaturalist observation in Lancaster County, US-PA, US. (June 2014)
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Neottieae — Epipactis
Genus Epipactis Helleborine N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Crantz
 ssp. helleborine
1753.  Serapias helleborine  L. in…
1769.  Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz in…
1925.  Helleborine helleborine  (L.) Druce in…
1961.  Epipactis latifolia  ssp. helleborine  (L.) Rivas Goday & Borja  in…
 Broad-leaved helleborine,
Eastern helleborine,
Helleborine,
Weed orchid 		Introduced,
Naturalized,
Invasive Watchlist[1],
SNA, GNR
UPL
Perennial,
Herb

NYFA: X
NYFA: 56 counties
iNat
All 62 counties
USDA-XX
POWO
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 (L.) Crantz
1753. Serapias helleborine  var. palustris  L.
1769. Epipactis palustris  (L.) Crantz
 Marsh orchid Introduced,
Impersistent,
Not naturalized,
SNA
FACW
Perennial,
Herb

NYFA: Xm
NYFA: Rensselaer (1990)
iNat
Lancaster PA
USDA-00
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  1. ↑ Midatlantic Plants to Watch (2010). Broadleaf Helleborine.

Tribe Triphoreae

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Triphora
[edit | edit source]
Triphora trianthophoros
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Triphoreae — Triphora
Genus Triphora Noddingcaps N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Sw.) Rydb.
 ssp. trianthophoros
1800. Arethusa trianthophoros  Sw.
1888. Pogonia trianthophoros  (Sw.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
1901. Triphora trianthophora  (Sw.) Rydb.
1901. Triphora trianthophoros  (Sw.) Rydb.
 Nodding pogonia,
Threebirds 		Native, CoC: 10,
Threatened,
S2
Perennial,
Herb

NYFA: 2
USDA-NN
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Tribe Arethuseae

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Calopogon
[edit | edit source]
Calopogon tuberosus
Calopogon is a genus of five North American grass-pink orchids. Of these, only Calopogon tuberosus ssp. tuberosus is known to occur outside of cultivation in New York State.
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Arethuseae — Arethusinae — Calopogon
Genus Calopogon Grass pink N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
 var. tuberosus
1753. Limodorum tuberosum  L.
1796. Limodorum pulchellum  Salisb.
1813. Calopogon pulchellus  R.Br.
1888. Calopogon tuberosus  (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
 Grass pink,
Tuberous grass-pink,
Swamp pink
Calopogon tubéreux,
Calopogon gracieux 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely secure,
S4
FACW-OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4
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Arethusa
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Arethusa bulbosa
Arethusa contains a single species, Arethusa bulbosa (dragon's mouth orchid), which is native to eastern North America, including New York State.
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Arethuseae — Arethusinae — Arethusa
Genus Arethusa Dragon's mouth N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 L.
1753. Arethusa bulbosa L.
1894. Arethusa bulbosa  f. albiflora  E.L.Rand & Redfield
1894. Arethusa bulbosa  f. subcaerulea  E.L.Rand & Redfield
 Dragon's mouth,
Swamp pink
Aréthuse bulbeuse 		Native, CoC: 10,
Threatened,
S2, G4
OBL
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 2
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Tribe Malaxideae

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Subtribe Malaxidinae
[edit | edit source]
Liparis
[edit | edit source]
Liparis loeselii
The wide-lip orchids (Liparis) comprise about 350 species worldwide, out of which only a few are native to North America, including the two New York natives Loesel's twayblade (Liparis loeselii) and the endangered lily-leaved twayblade (Liparis liliifolia).
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Malaxideae — Malaxidinae — Liparis
Genus Liparis Wide-lip orchid N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Rich.
1753. Ophrys loeselii  L.
1815. Malaxis correana  W.P.C.Barton
1817. Liparis loeselii  (L.) Rich.
Loesel's twayblade ⓘ
Fen orchid
Fen orchis
Bog twayblade
Yellow wide-lip orchid
Liparis de Loesel
Liparide de Loesel
Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure,
S4, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4
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 (L.) Rich. ex Lindl.
1753. Ophrys liliifolia  L.
1800. Malaxis liliifolia  Sw.
1825. Liparis liliifolia  (L.) Rich.
Lily-leaved twayblade ⓘ
Brown widelip orchid
Purple twayblade
Large twayblade
Mauve sleekwort
Liparis à feuilles de lis
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
S1, G5,
NYNHP: 1[1]
FACU
Perennial[2],
Herb-forb

NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
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  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program (2021). Online Conservation Guide for Liparis liliifolia. Acc. 22 Jul 2021.
  2. ↑ Christopher Mattrick (2004). Liparis liliifolia (L.) L. C. Rich. ex Lindley, Lily-leaved twayblade, Conservation and Research Plan for New England
Malaxis
[edit | edit source]
Malaxis monophyllos
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Malaxideae — Malaxidinae — Malaxis
Genus Malaxis Sol. ex Sw. (1788) Adder's-mouth orchid N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Michx.
1803. Malaxis unifolia  Michx.
1808. Achroanthes unifolia  (Michx.) Raf.
1888. Microstylis unifolia  (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
 Green adder's-mouth
Malaxis unifolié 		Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
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 (L.) Sw.
var. brachypoda (A.Gray) F. Morris & E.A.Eames
1833. Microstylis brachypoda  A. Gray
1926. Malaxis brachypoda  (A. Gray) Fernald
1929. Malaxis monophyllos  var. brachypoda  (A.Gray) F. Morris & E.A.Eames
1969. Malaxis monophyllos  ssp. brachypoda  Á.Löve & D.Löve
2006. Microstylis monophyllos  ssp. brachypoda  (A.Gray) Szlach. & Marg.
 North American
  white adder’s-mouth,
White adder's-mouth orchid 		Native, CoC: 10,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
iNat
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 Fernald
1936. Malaxis bayardii  Fernald
 Bayard's adder's-mouth orchid,
Appalachian
  adder's-mouth orchid,
Bayard’s malaxis
Malaxis de Bayard 		Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
NYNHP: 1[1]

NYFA: 1
NYFA: 4 counties
0 counties
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Genus Malaxis (excluded taxa) Adder's-mouth orchid N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Sw.
 var. monophyllos
1753. Ophrys monophyllos L.
1800. Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw.
1828. Malaxis diphyllos Cham.
1830. Microstylis monophyllos (L.) Lindl.
1891. Achroanthes monophylla (L.) Greene
1975. Malaxis monophyllos  var. diphyllos  (Cham.) Luer
 Aleutian adder's-mouth orchid,
Eurasian white adder’s-mouth 		Introduced from
 Eurasia,
 Alaska,
 BC,
N.Y. excluded

NYFA-Excluded
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  1. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2024. Online Conservation Guide for Malaxis bayardii. Endangered, S1/G1G2.

Tribe Epidendreae

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Subtribe Calypsoinae
[edit | edit source]
Corallorhiza
[edit | edit source]
Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata
spotted coralroot
Corallorhiza (coralroot) species are leafless, rootless, mycotrophic (fungus-feeding heterotrophic) orchids.
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Epidendreae — Calypsoinae — Corallorhiza
Genus Corallorhiza Coral root N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 Raf.
 var. maculata
1817. Corallorhiza maculata  Raf.
1823. Corallorhiza multiflora  Nutt.
1891. Neottia multiflora  (Nutt.) Kuntze
1897. Corallorhiza multiflora  var. flavida  M.Peck
1916. Corallorhiza maculata  var. flavida  (M.Peck) Cockerell
1927. Corallorhiza maculata  f. flavida  (M.Peck) Farw.
Late spotted coralroot ⓘ
Eastern spotted coralroot ⓘ
Summer coralroot
Corallorhize maculée
Native, CoC: 8,
Likely secure,
S4, G5
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4
USDA-NN
Kew WCSP
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 Raf.
 var. occidentalis (Lindl.) Ames
1840. Corallorhiza multiflora  var. occidentalis  Lindl.
1903. Corallorhiza grabhamii  Cockerell
1906. Corallorhiza leimbachiana  Suksd.
1916. Corallorhiza maculata  ssp. occidentalis  (Lindl.) Cockerell
1924. Corallorhiza maculata  var. occidentalis  (Lindl.) Ames
Early spotted coralroot ⓘ
Summer coralroot ⓘ
Sspotted coralroot ⓘ
Corallorhize occidentale ⓘ
Native, CoC: 10,
Unranked,
SNR
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: U
GBIF
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Kew WCSP
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 Châtel.
1753. Ophrys corallorhiza  L.
1760. Corallorhiza trifida  Châtel.
1760. Corallorhiza integra  Châtel.
1769. Epipactis corallorhiza  (L.) Crantz
1793. Helleborine corallorhiza  (L.) F.W.Schmidt
1800. Cymbidium corallorhiza  (L.) Sw.
1813. Corallorhiza innata  R.Br.
1823. Corallorhiza verna  Nutt.
1886. Corallorhiza corallorhiza (L.) H.Karst.
1891. Neottia corallorhiza  (L.) Kuntze
1914. Corallorhiza trifida  var. integra  (Châtel.) Schinz & Thell.
1928. Corallorhiza trifida  f. integra  (Châtel.) Soó
1946. Corallorhiza trifida  var. verna  (Nutt.) Fernald
Early coralroot ⓘ
Northern coral-root ⓘ
Yellow coralroot ⓘ
Corallorhize trifide ⓘ
Native, CoC: 10,
Likely secure,
S4, G5
FACW
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 4
GBIF
USDA-NN
WFO
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 (Willd.) Nutt.
 var. odontorhiza
1818. Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt.
 Autumn coralroot Native,
Likely secure

NYFA: 4
USDA-
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 (Willd.) Poir.
 var. pringlei (Greenm.) Freudenst.
1898. Corallorhiza pringlei  Greenm
1997. Corallorhiza odontorhiza  var. pringlei   (Greenm.) Freudenst.
 Pringle's coralroot,
Pringle's autumn coralroot 		Native,
No recent reports

NYFA: Z
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 Lindl.
 var. striata
1840. Corallorhiza striata  Lindl.
1856. Corallorhiza macraei  A.Gray
Striped coral-root ⓘ
hooded coralroot ⓘ
Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
S1, G5, T4-5

NYFA: 1
GBIF
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Aplectrum
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Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Epidendreae — Calypsoinae — Aplectrum
Genus Aplectrum Adam and Eve N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt.
1806. Cymbidium hyemale  Muhl. ex Willd.
1818. Aplectrum hyemale  (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt.
 Adam and Eve,
Putty root 		Native, CoC: 8,
Endangered,
S2, G5
FAC
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 1
USDA-NN
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Calypso
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Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Epidendreae — Calypsoinae — Calypso
Genus Calypso Fairy slipper N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Oakes
 var. americana (R.Br.) Luer
1813. Calypso americana  R.Br.
1905. Cytherea bulbosa  (L.) House
1975. Calypso bulbosa  var. americana  (R.Br.) Luer
2010. Calypso bulbosa  ssp. americana  (R. Br.) A. Haines
 Fairy slipper Native, CoC: 10,
Endangered,
No recent reports
FACW
Perenial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: Z
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Genus Calypso (excluded taxa) Fairy slipper N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (L.) Oakes
 var. bulbosa
1753. Cypripedium bulbosum  L.
1842. Calypso bulbosa  (L.) Oakes
 Fairy slipper Introduced from
 Eurasia,
N.Y. excluded
Perenial,
Herb-forb

NYFA-Excluded
USDA-NN
FNA
LBJ
Images
Wikispecies
Tipularia
[edit | edit source]
Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Epidendreae — Calypsoinae — Tipularia
Genus Tipularia Tipularia N.Y. Status Images Distribution NY NPT
 (Pursh) Nutt.
1813. Orchis discolor  Pursh
1818. Tipularia discolor  (Pursh) Nutt.
 Cranefly orchid,
Crippled cranefly 		Native, CoC: 8,
Endangered,
S1, G4-5
FACU
Perennial,
Herb-forb

NYFA: 1
USDA-N0
Images
Wikispecies
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