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== Taxonomy ==
== Taxonomy ==
Members of ''Hesperocyparis'' were and still are placed in ''Cupressus'' by many authorities, but phylogenetic evidence supports a different affinity. A 2021 molecular study found ''Hesperocyparis'' to be the sister group to the genus ''[[Callitropsis nootkatensis|Callitropsis]]'' (containing only the [[Nootka cypress]]), with this clade being sister to the Asian genus ''[[Xanthocyparis]]'', containing only the [[Vietnamese golden cypress]]. The clade comprising all three genera was found to be sister to a clade containing ''[[Juniper|Juniperus]]'' and ''[[Cupressus]] sensu stricto''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Stull|first1=Gregory W.|last2=Qu|first2=Xiao-Jian|last3=Parins-Fukuchi|first3=Caroline|last4=Yang|first4=Ying-Ying|last5=Yang|first5=Jun-Bo|last6=Yang|first6=Zhi-Yun|last7=Hu|first7=Yi|last8=Ma|first8=Hong|last9=Soltis|first9=Pamela S.|last10=Soltis|first10=Douglas E.|last11=Li|first11=De-Zhu|date=July 19, 2021|title=Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00964-4|journal=Nature Plants|language=en|volume=7|issue=8|pages=1015–1025|doi=10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4|pmid=34282286 |s2cid=232282918 |issn=2055-0278}}</ref>
Members of ''Hesperocyparis'' were and still are placed in ''Cupressus'' by many authorities, but phylogenetic evidence supports a different affinity. A 2021 molecular study found ''Hesperocyparis'' to be the sister group to the genus ''[[Callitropsis nootkatensis|Callitropsis]]'' (containing only the [[Nootka cypress]]), with this clade being sister to the Asian genus ''[[Xanthocyparis]]'', containing only the [[Vietnamese golden cypress]]. The clade comprising all three genera was found to be sister to a clade containing ''[[Juniper|Juniperus]]'' and ''[[Cupressus]] sensu stricto''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Stull|first1=Gregory W.|last2=Qu|first2=Xiao-Jian|last3=Parins-Fukuchi|first3=Caroline|last4=Yang|first4=Ying-Ying|last5=Yang|first5=Jun-Bo|last6=Yang|first6=Zhi-Yun|last7=Hu|first7=Yi|last8=Ma|first8=Hong|last9=Soltis|first9=Pamela S.|last10=Soltis|first10=Douglas E.|last11=Li|first11=De-Zhu|date=July 19, 2021|title=Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00964-4|journal=Nature Plants|language=en|volume=7|issue=8|pages=1015–1025|doi=10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4|pmid=34282286 |s2cid=232282918 |issn=2055-0278}}</ref>

As of 2024 ''Hesperocyparis'' is listed as the correct classification by [[Plants of the World Online]],<ref name="POWO">{{cite POWO |id=60451544-2 |title=''Hesperocyparis'' Bartel & R.A.Price |access-date=30 January 2024}}</ref> [[World Flora Online]],<ref>{{Cite WFO |title=''Hesperocyparis'' Bartel & R.A.Price |id=4000017629 |access-date=30 January 2024}}</ref> and the Gymnosperm Database.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Christopher J. |title=''Hesperocyparis'' (New World Cypresses) description |url=https://www.conifers.org/cu/Hesperocyparis.php |website=The Gymnosperm Database |access-date=30 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> There is disagreement about this classification, with botanists such as Didier Maerki asserting that the physical similarities and hybrids across some of the genus boundaries prove that ''Cupressus'' should be recombined.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mаеrki |first1=Didier |title=Editorial: Recent developments in the taxonomy of the genus ''Cupressus'' and consequences for their conservation |journal=Bulletin of the Cupressus Conservation Project |date=31 January 2017 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=3–24 |url=http://cupressus.net/bulletin/13/BullCCP06_1.pdf |access-date=30 January 2024}}</ref>


===Phylogeny===
===Phylogeny===
{| class="wikitable"
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! colspan=1 |Stull et al. 2021<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Stull|first1=Gregory W.|last2=Qu|first2=Xiao-Jian|last3=Parins-Fukuchi|first3=Caroline|last4=Yang|first4=Ying-Ying|last5=Yang|first5=Jun-Bo|last6=Yang|first6=Zhi-Yun|last7=Hu|first7=Yi|last8=Ma|first8=Hong|last9=Soltis|first9=Pamela S.|last10=Soltis|first10=Douglas E.|last11=Li|first11=De-Zhu|date=July 19, 2021|title=Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00964-4|journal=Nature Plants|language=en|volume=7|issue=8|pages=1015–1025|doi=10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4|pmid=34282286|s2cid=236141481|issn=2055-0278}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stull |first1=Gregory W. |display-authors=et al. |year=2021 |title=main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre |publisher=Figshare |doi=10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Gene_duplications_and_genomic_conflict_underlie_major_pulses_of_phenotypic_evolution_in_gymnosperms/14547354 |doi-access=}}</ref>
! colspan=1 |Stull et al. 2021<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Stull|first1=Gregory W.|last2=Qu|first2=Xiao-Jian|last3=Parins-Fukuchi|first3=Caroline|last4=Yang|first4=Ying-Ying|last5=Yang|first5=Jun-Bo|last6=Yang|first6=Zhi-Yun|last7=Hu|first7=Yi|last8=Ma|first8=Hong|last9=Soltis|first9=Pamela S.|last10=Soltis|first10=Douglas E.|last11=Li|first11=De-Zhu|date=July 19, 2021|title=Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00964-4|journal=Nature Plants|language=en|volume=7|issue=8|pages=1015–1025|doi=10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4|pmid=34282286|s2cid=236141481|issn=2055-0278}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Stull |first1=Gregory W. |display-authors=et al. |year=2021 |title=main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre |publisher=Figshare |doi=10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Gene_duplications_and_genomic_conflict_underlie_major_pulses_of_phenotypic_evolution_in_gymnosperms/14547354 |doi-access=}}</ref>
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Additional species:<ref name="Adams" />
Additional species:<ref name="POWO" />
*''[[Hesperocyparis abramsiana]]'' <small>(C. B. Wolf) Bartel</small> (Santa Cruz cypress)
*''[[Hesperocyparis abramsiana]]'' <small>(C. B. Wolf) Bartel</small> (Santa Cruz cypress)
*''[[Hesperocyparis benthamii]]'' <small>(Endl.) Bartel</small>
*''[[Hesperocyparis benthamii]]'' <small>(Endl.) Bartel</small>
*''[[Hesperocyparis nevadensis]]'' <small>(Abrams) Bartel</small> (Piute cypress)
*''[[Hesperocyparis nevadensis]]'' <small>(Abrams) Bartel</small> (Piute cypress)
*''[[Hesperocyparis pigmaea]]'' <small>(Lemmon) Bartel</small> (Mendocino cypress)
*''[[Hesperocyparis pygmaea]]'' <small>(Lemmon) Bartel</small> (Mendocino cypress)
*''[[Hesperocyparis revealiana]]'' <small>(Silba) Silba</small>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 04:13, 30 January 2024

Hesperocyparis
Hesperocyparis macrocarpa, Monterey cypress
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Cupressales
Family: Cupressaceae
Subfamily: Cupressoideae
Genus: Hesperocyparis
Bartel & R.A. Price
Type species
Hesperocyparis macrocarpa
(Hartweg ex Gordon) Bartel & Price
Species

See text

Synonyms
  • Neocupressus de Laub. nom. superfl.

Hesperocyparis (western cypress)[1] is a genus of trees in the family Cupressaceae, containing North American species otherwise assigned to the genus Cupressus.[2] They are found throughout western North America. Only a few species have wide ranges, with most being restricted-range endemics.

Taxonomy

Members of Hesperocyparis were and still are placed in Cupressus by many authorities, but phylogenetic evidence supports a different affinity. A 2021 molecular study found Hesperocyparis to be the sister group to the genus Callitropsis (containing only the Nootka cypress), with this clade being sister to the Asian genus Xanthocyparis, containing only the Vietnamese golden cypress. The clade comprising all three genera was found to be sister to a clade containing Juniperus and Cupressus sensu stricto.[3]

As of 2024 Hesperocyparis is listed as the correct classification by Plants of the World Online,[4] World Flora Online,[5] and the Gymnosperm Database.[6] There is disagreement about this classification, with botanists such as Didier Maerki asserting that the physical similarities and hybrids across some of the genus boundaries prove that Cupressus should be recombined.[7]

Phylogeny

Stull et al. 2021[8][9]

Juniperus

Cupressus s.l.

Cupressus s.s.

Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Farjon & Nguyên

Callitropsis nootkatensis (Don) Oersted

Hesperocyparis

H. bakeri (Jepson) Bartel (Modoc cypress)

H. macnabiana (Murray) Bartel (Macnab’s/Shasta cypress)

H. goveniana (Gordon) Bartel (Gowen cypress)

H. macrocarpa (Hartweg ex Gordon) Bartel (Monterey cypress)

H. sargentii Jepson (Sargent cypress)

H. glabra (Sudworth) Bartel (Smooth Arizona cypress)

H. arizonica (Greene) Bartel (Arizona cypress)

H. guadalupensis (Watson) Bartel (Guadalupe cypress)

H. montana (Wiggins) Bartel (San Pedro Martir cypress)

H. forbesii (Jepson) Bartel (Tecate cypress)

H. lusitanica (Miller) Bartel (Mexican cypress)

H. stephensonii (Jepson) Bartel (Cuyamaca cypress)

Additional species:[4]

References

  1. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "​Hesperocyparis​". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  2. ^ Robert P. Adams, Jim A. Bartel & Robert A. Price (2009). "A new genus, Hesperocyparis, for the cypresses of the Western Hemisphere" (PDF). Phytologia. 91 (1): 160–185.
  3. ^ Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu (July 19, 2021). "Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms". Nature Plants. 7 (8): 1015–1025. doi:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4. ISSN 2055-0278. PMID 34282286. S2CID 232282918.
  4. ^ a b "Hesperocyparis Bartel & R.A.Price". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  5. ^ "Hesperocyparis Bartel & R.A.Price". World Flora Online. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  6. ^ Earle, Christopher J. "Hesperocyparis (New World Cypresses) description". The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  7. ^ Mаеrki, Didier (31 January 2017). "Editorial: Recent developments in the taxonomy of the genus Cupressus and consequences for their conservation" (PDF). Bulletin of the Cupressus Conservation Project. 6 (1): 3–24. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  8. ^ Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu (July 19, 2021). "Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms". Nature Plants. 7 (8): 1015–1025. doi:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4. ISSN 2055-0278. PMID 34282286. S2CID 236141481.
  9. ^ Stull, Gregory W.; et al. (2021). "main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre". Figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1.
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