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Some small general improvements in writing
Wiki 1756 (talk | contribs)
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A source addition above &mostly notable mem,bers section. It is an improvement to cut down on number of notable members, I disagree with the removal of 2. The 1st is Desouky Abaza. He is quite famous as a writer and one of the 4 most important examples of Abaza literature, most frequently cited. He was also a politician &prominent in many other ways. The other figure is Wagih Abaza. He played a major role for many decades in the post-1952 regime, governor of many provinces etc
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Their primary stronghold is the [[Sharqia Governorate]], where they originally settled in Egypt, although their influence, governorships, and land holdings extended to other areas in the [[Nile Delta]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
Their primary stronghold is the [[Sharqia Governorate]], where they originally settled in Egypt, although their influence, governorships, and land holdings extended to other areas in the [[Nile Delta]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />


The Abaza family contributed to modern Arabic and Egyptian culture, literature, academia, and art through the works of journalist and political activist [[Fekry Pasha Abaza]], author Desouky [[Bey]] Abaza, poet [[Aziz Abaza|Aziz Pasha Abaza]], novelist [[Tharwat Abaza]], sociologist Mona Abaza, actor [[Rushdy Abaza]], director Othman Abaza, among others.<ref>{{Cite web |title="الأباظية".. الأسرة التي قدمت نجوماً في الأدب والفن |url=http://alqabas.com/97409/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402102310/https://alqabas.com/97409/ |archive-date=2 April 2018 |access-date=28 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tributes to Mona Abaza (1959-2021) |url=https://globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org/articles/tributes-to-mona-abaza-1959-2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219155747/https://globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org/articles/tributes-to-mona-abaza-1959-2021 |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="daharchives.alhayat.com">{{cite news |last1=الكاتب |first1=الكاتب |date=September 28, 1998 |title=Arabs or Circassians, or a combination of both? Alobazah families in Egypt |url=http://daharchives.alhayat.com/issue_archive/Hayat%20INT/1998/9/28/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%94%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227192411/http://daharchives.alhayat.com/issue_archive/Hayat%20INT/1998/9/28/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%94%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9.html |archive-date=2016-12-27 |access-date=6 December 2016 |language=ar |agency=Al Hayat News}}</ref>
The Abaza family contributed to modern Arabic and Egyptian culture, literature, academia, and art through the works of journalist and political activist [[Fekry Pasha Abaza]], author Desouky [[Bey]] Abaza, poet [[Aziz Abaza|Aziz Pasha Abaza]], novelist [[Tharwat Abaza]], sociologist Mona Abaza, actor [[Rushdy Abaza]], director Othman Abaza, among others.<ref>{{Cite web |title="الأباظية".. الأسرة التي قدمت نجوماً في الأدب والفن |url=http://alqabas.com/97409/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402102310/https://alqabas.com/97409/ |archive-date=2 April 2018 |access-date=28 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tributes to Mona Abaza (1959-2021) |url=https://globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org/articles/tributes-to-mona-abaza-1959-2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219155747/https://globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org/articles/tributes-to-mona-abaza-1959-2021 |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="daharchives.alhayat.com">{{cite news |last1=الكاتب |first1=الكاتب |date=September 28, 1998 |title=Arabs or Circassians, or a combination of both? Alobazah families in Egypt |url=http://daharchives.alhayat.com/issue_archive/Hayat%20INT/1998/9/28/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%94%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227192411/http://daharchives.alhayat.com/issue_archive/Hayat%20INT/1998/9/28/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%94%D9%85-%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%94%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%94%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9.html |archive-date=2016-12-27 |access-date=6 December 2016 |language=ar |agency=Al Hayat News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=عزيز أباظة.. من رواد الشعر العربي وأبدع في المسرحيات الشعرية – كتابات |url=https://kitabat.com/cultural/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B9/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=kitabat.com}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=إبراهيم دسوقي أباظة |date=2023-07-10 |work=ويكيبيديا |url=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%A9&oldid=63298907 |access-date=2024-03-07 |language=ar}}</ref>


Some Egyptian media have referred to them as one of the "families that rule the country" and as one of the families that "inherited parliment". They are known as "the family of the [[Pasha|pashas]]" for having produced Egypt's largest number of [[Nobility|nobles]].<ref name="archivegypt">{{cite news |last1=Timor |first1=Ahmed |date=January 10, 2016 |title=Month for Families in History of Egyptian Parliament |url=http://www.archivegypt.com/%D8%A3%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-4-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |language=ar |agency=Egyptian families |archive-date=11 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611223407/http://www.archivegypt.com/%d8%a3%d8%b4%d9%87%d8%b1-4-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%89-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%8a/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.albawabhnews.com/482311#.UzL6117RRaw.facebook|title = عائلات تحكم مصر.. 1 ـ "الأباظية" عائلة الباشوات|date = 26 March 2014|access-date = 19 November 2015|archive-date = 28 November 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151128033510/http://www.albawabhnews.com/482311#.UzL6117RRaw.facebook|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.parlmany.com/News/7/5055/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86 |title=عائلات ورثت البرلمان |access-date=21 February 2024 |archive-date=21 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221102719/https://www.parlmany.com/News/7/5055/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Some Egyptian media have referred to them as one of the "families that rule the country" and as one of the families that "inherited parliment". They are known as "the family of the [[Pasha|pashas]]" for having produced Egypt's largest number of [[Nobility|nobles]].<ref name="archivegypt">{{cite news |last1=Timor |first1=Ahmed |date=January 10, 2016 |title=Month for Families in History of Egyptian Parliament |url=http://www.archivegypt.com/%D8%A3%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-4-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |language=ar |agency=Egyptian families |archive-date=11 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611223407/http://www.archivegypt.com/%d8%a3%d8%b4%d9%87%d8%b1-4-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%89-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%8a/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.albawabhnews.com/482311#.UzL6117RRaw.facebook|title = عائلات تحكم مصر.. 1 ـ "الأباظية" عائلة الباشوات|date = 26 March 2014|access-date = 19 November 2015|archive-date = 28 November 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151128033510/http://www.albawabhnews.com/482311#.UzL6117RRaw.facebook|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.parlmany.com/News/7/5055/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86 |title=عائلات ورثت البرلمان |access-date=21 February 2024 |archive-date=21 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221102719/https://www.parlmany.com/News/7/5055/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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==Notable members==
==Notable members==
The family features a substantial number of famous or influential members and thus this section will keep to a few examples.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=عائلات تحكم مصر.. 1 ـ "الأباظية" عائلة الباشوات |url=https://www.albawabhnews.com/482311 |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.albawabhnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.albawabhnews.com/print.aspx?482311 |title=البوابة نيوز: عائلات تحكم مصر: عائلة أباظة.. عائلة الباشوات |date=2014-07-06 |publisher=البوابة نيوز}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=عائلات تحكم مصر.. 1 ـ "الأباظية" عائلة الباشوات |url=https://www.albawabhnews.com/482311 |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.albawabhnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=سمير |first=رانيا |date=2024-01-03 |title=عائلة أباظة: تاريخ طويل وأثر عميق في مصر |url=https://sqawoa.com/archives/47555 |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=صوت القبائل العربية والعائلات المصرية |language=ar}}</ref>

* The Abaza family includes several literary figures, such as [[Fekry Abaza|Fekry Pasha Abaza]] and [[Aziz Abaza|Aziz Pasha Abaza]]. Additionally, [[Tharwat Abaza]] was a journalist and novelist who notably opposed the nationalization of the [[Suez Canal]]. His best-known novel, ''A Man Escaping from Time'', was televised in the late 1960s.<ref name="Tharwat Abaza">{{cite news |date=March 19, 2002 |title=Tharwat Abaza, 75; Egyptian Newspaper Columnist, Writer |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2002/mar/19/local/me-passings19.1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305082404/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/mar/19/local/me-passings19.1 |archive-date=5 March 2017 |access-date=6 December 2016 |agency=L.A. Times}}</ref>
* The Abaza family includes several literary figures, such as Desouky [[Bey]] Abaza<ref>{{Citation |title=إبراهيم دسوقي أباظة |date=2023-07-10 |work=ويكيبيديا |url=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%A9&oldid=63298907 |access-date=2024-03-07 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=صخر |first=محمد الشارخ- |title=الأرشيف: إبراهيم دسوقي أباظة |url=https://archive.alsharekh.org/AuthorList/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%20%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%A9 |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=أرشيف الشارخ للمجلات الأدبية والثقافية العربية |language=ar}}</ref>, [[Fekry Abaza|Fekry Pasha Abaza]] and [[Aziz Abaza|Aziz Pasha Abaza]]. Additionally, [[Tharwat Abaza]] was a journalist and novelist who notably opposed the nationalization of the [[Suez Canal]]. His best-known novel, ''A Man Escaping from Time'', was televised in the late 1960s.<ref name="Tharwat Abaza">{{cite news |date=March 19, 2002 |title=Tharwat Abaza, 75; Egyptian Newspaper Columnist, Writer |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2002/mar/19/local/me-passings19.1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305082404/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/mar/19/local/me-passings19.1 |archive-date=5 March 2017 |access-date=6 December 2016 |agency=L.A. Times}}</ref>


[[File:Abaza Rushdy.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Rushdy Abaza]]]]
[[File:Abaza Rushdy.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Rushdy Abaza]]]]
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* Maher Abaza, a member of the [[Egyptian Parliament]] and the longest-serving minister in Egyptian history. As the Minister of Electricity and Energy, he was credited with connecting the vast majority of the country's rural areas to the electric grid.<ref name="daharchives.alhayat.com" />
* Maher Abaza, a member of the [[Egyptian Parliament]] and the longest-serving minister in Egyptian history. As the Minister of Electricity and Energy, he was credited with connecting the vast majority of the country's rural areas to the electric grid.<ref name="daharchives.alhayat.com" />
* Wagih Abaza was a member of the [[Free Officers Movement (Egypt)|Free Officers Movement,]] that toppled King Farouk in 1952. He later became governor of four provinces including the capital [[Cairo|Cairo,]] [[Sharqia Governorate|Sharqia,]] [[Beheira Governorate|Beheira,]] and [[Gharbia|Gharbia,]] and a prominent businessman. He is also known as the pilot who dropped the first Egyptian bomb in the 1948 war with Israel and was well known for marrying the famed actress [[Leila Mourad]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-06 |title=وجيه أباظة زوج ليلى مراد معلومات عنه وصور |url=https://www.awqatk.com/%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%87-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b8%d8%a9-%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%ac-%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%af/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-06 |title=وجيه أباظة زوج ليلى مراد معلومات عنه وصور |url=https://www.awqatk.com/%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%87-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b8%d8%a9-%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%ac-%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%af/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=وجيه أباظة |url=https://www.marefa.org/%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%A9 |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=المعرفة |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Refaat |first=Mohammed |title="محافظون وتجارب " (6) وجيه أباظة Governers and Experiences: Wagih Abaza |url=https://www.dostor.org/4435393 |access-date= |website=Dostor}}</ref>


* Mona Abaza (1959-2021) was one of Egypt's most prominent sociologists, whose research interests "ranged from women in rural Egypt, the relation between Islam and the West, urban consumer culture, to Egyptian painting and the Arab Spring".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tributes to Mona Abaza (1959-2021) |url=https://globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org//articles/tributes-to-mona-abaza-1959-2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219155749/https://globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org/articles/tributes-to-mona-abaza-1959-2021 |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org |language=es-ES}}</ref>
* Mona Abaza (1959-2021) was one of Egypt's most prominent sociologists, whose research interests "ranged from women in rural Egypt, the relation between Islam and the West, urban consumer culture, to Egyptian painting and the Arab Spring".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tributes to Mona Abaza (1959-2021) |url=https://globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org//articles/tributes-to-mona-abaza-1959-2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219155749/https://globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org/articles/tributes-to-mona-abaza-1959-2021 |archive-date=19 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org |language=es-ES}}</ref>

Revision as of 07:36, 7 March 2024

Abaza (Arabic: أباظة)
абаза
Noble family
CountryEgypt
EtymologyAbaza people and Abaza language
Place of originAbazinia, Karachay-Cherkessia and Abkhazia
Foundedc.1700-1750
FounderAbaza (ethnonym of matriarch), Sheikh of the Arabs Hassan Pasha Abaza (modern founding father)
TitlesPasha, Bek or Bey, Hanim or Khanum, Effendi
Style(s)Sahib-ul-Ma'ali or Sahibat-ul-Ma'ali (His or Her Excellency)
Estate(s)Ezbet Abaza, Ezbet Ateya Abaza, Ezbet Desouky Abaza, Izbat al Abaziyyah, Ezbet Ismail Abaza, parts of Sharqia (main historical stronghold) and Beheira, parts of Kafr Abaza, Minya al-Qamh, Teleen, and Amreet.

The Abaza Family (Arabic: الأسرة الأباظية or عائلة أباظة, Egyptian Arabic: عيلة أباظة, aliases: آل أباظة) is an Egyptian aristocratic family of maternal[1] Abazin Circassian origin.

"Deeply rooted in Egyptian society...and in the history of the country", it has had an influence from the late 18th century to modern times.[2][3]

The family is known for having produced literary and cultural figures, nobles, officials, technocrats, governors, and politicians under the Muhammad Ali dynasty in the 19th and early 20th century, and for retaining their cultural and political clout during the republican period in the 20th and 21st centuries.

Their primary stronghold is the Sharqia Governorate, where they originally settled in Egypt, although their influence, governorships, and land holdings extended to other areas in the Nile Delta.[4][5][6]

The Abaza family contributed to modern Arabic and Egyptian culture, literature, academia, and art through the works of journalist and political activist Fekry Pasha Abaza, author Desouky Bey Abaza, poet Aziz Pasha Abaza, novelist Tharwat Abaza, sociologist Mona Abaza, actor Rushdy Abaza, director Othman Abaza, among others.[7][8][9][10][11]

Some Egyptian media have referred to them as one of the "families that rule the country" and as one of the families that "inherited parliment". They are known as "the family of the pashas" for having produced Egypt's largest number of nobles.[12][13][14]

They are thought to number in the many thousands, with sources varying in their exact estimates.[15][16][17] However, these numbers are thought to be highly unreliable as no censuses of Circassian communities in Egypt exist due to a general "lack in demographic data on minorities in Egypt".[18]

Overview, origin, and name

Sources indicate that the Abaza family was well established in the Nile Delta by the late 18th century especially in Sharqia.They took – or were given – the last name 'Abaza'.[19]

A belief among the Abaza family is that they were named after "a beloved grandmother ... or her place of birth". This maternal ancestor is thought to have married the head of the powerful al-Ayed family before the reign of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, (also spelled 'al-Aydeh', Arabic:العائد, Egyptian Arabic: العايدي).[19]

As narrated in "family tradition" the "marriage was during the reign of the Circassian" Mamluks.[20] However "some historians" suspect it "more likely that the marriage occurred under Ottoman rule". [21] But note that under Ottoman rule Circassian Mamluks continued to act as governors of the country until Muhammad Ali's rise to power.

David E. Millis writes that the al-Ayed/Aydeh clan trace "their origin back to the Yemenese contingents of the initial Islamic conquerors of Egypt... [and] the ancient tribal confederation of Judham". Ibn Khaldun wrote that they originate from Kahlan.[22][23] Historian al-Maqrizi agrees that al-Ayed/Aydeh descend from Banu Judham.[24]

The Abaza family itself had "long-established economic and political clout in Egypt".[25][26]

With time, "after the marriage" people began to "distinguish between Awlad al-Aydeh [Children of al-Aydeh] and Awlad al-Abazyya [Children of the Abaza Lady]" and her eldest son began to be called "Ibn al-Abazyya [Son of the Abaza Lady]". This was "the beginning of the split between the two groups" into two distinct families or clans.[27][28]

Thus, the initial matriarchal founder of the family is only known as 'Abaza', and her personal name is lost to history. It is rare but not unknown for a Muslim family to be named after a woman but the family's name fits with historical Muslim practices of naming people and families after places of origin or ethnicities. [29][30] It is an example of a laqab,[1] a type of Arabic name, and of an ethnonym, the name of a people or ethnic group.

The non-Abaza patriarch who married the Abazin matriarch was named Muhammed el-Ayedi (محمد العايدي).[1]

Abazas in Egypt are "virtually all descendants" of 19th century figures like Shiekh of the Arabs Hassan Pasha Abaza and his brother Shiekh Boghdady Pasha Abaza and "they maybe considered as constituting one family".[31] However, we should caution that with large and old multi-generational groups it is difficult to be certain about undocumented or under documented branches that may descend from lesser-known figures.

History and rise

Aziz Pasha Abaza

Reuven Aharonia reports that despite the "centralized nature of Muhammed Ali's regime", the integration of local elites in the state's administration was part of his governing policy. The provincial elites were "given lands" integrating the new system with existing "local interests" and "one instance of this" was the Abaza family.[32]

The monarchy allowed in certain instances elites "bequeath their posts to their sons". For example, al-Sayed Pasha Abaza "inherited the position of nizar qism from "his father Hassan Abaza".[33]

Hassan Pasha Abaza is widely considered to be the modern founding father of the family due to heading the family at the time of their modern ascendance. He was called Sheikh of the Arabs,[34] rare in this exalted long-form, it derives from the ancient honorific title 'Sheikh' given to a variety of people including the heads of sufficiently influential families or tribes regardless of ethnic origin.[35] As mentioned above, Hassan Pasha Abaza was also the Shiekh el Balad (Sheikh of the Town/Province or “chief of the city”) of the province of Sharqia.[36][6][37]

His brother Sheikh Boghdady Pasha Abaza, along with Hassan Pasha, served in Ibrahim Pasha's Majlis making the Abazas the only family to hold two seats at the same time and starting their tradition as a parliamentary dynasty.[19]

The monarchy had endowed the family with more villages and lands allowing the Abazas to flourish.[19] Their lands extended beyond their Sharqia stronghold to the Beheira Governate, for example "Sayed Pasha Abaza mudir [governor] of Beheira Province left some 6,000 feddan....in 1875-1876" to his descendants.[5] Their influence further extended to the Nile Delta provinces of Al-Qalyubia, Monufia, and Dakahlia.[4]

Fekry Pasha Abaza

One famous display of their clout was during the accession of the young King Farouk, when the Abaza family "solicited palace authorities to permit the royal train to stop briefly at one of their villages", so that "the king could partake in refreshments which were offered in a large, magnificently ornamented tent they had erected at the train station".[38][39]

After the 1952 removal of King Farouk of Egypt, several Abazas lost feudal lands following the Egyptian land reform.[40]

The family cannot be associated with a single political stance as in the early 20th century it decided to permit all members to hold any political position and run for office with any party with the caveat that "no two Abazas [can] run against each other". During the CBC Two program where this was discussed, it was also clarified that in the rare cases where two Abazas ran in an election against each other the apparent rule is "to put all support behind the stronger [candidate]" and that "no other rules exist".[1]

This led to situations where one Abaza was a minister in the governing regime and another was the opposition leader, such as in the final Mubrarak government with Amin Abaza as Minister of Agriculture and Mahmoud Abaza as opposition leader (see below).

The family had its own football team competing with Egypt's major clubs in the early half of the 20th century and its own journal.[41] Their most famous wins were covered in English media in 1916 and 1917 with two reported wins against Qatar.[17]

Contemporary situation

The family has had members in almost every Egyptian parliament, mostly in Sharqia districts, their historical stronghold. A famous 21st-century incident included the family's 2005 winning challenge to Gamal Mubarak's and the Mubarak regime's candidate in a Sharqia district with the former New Wafd Party opposition leader Mahmoud Abaza. Family members also regularly feature in Egyptian cabinets and hold minister, deputy minister, assistant minister and other government and technocratic positions in state institutions. They have also held governorships many times in both the monarchical and current periods, especially in the Nile delta.[42][43][44][45][46]

For decades, the family had a political monopoly over several districts.[12] As of 2024, General Hani Deri Abaza, Ahmed Fuad Abaza, and Vadji Hussain Abaza are members of the Egyptian parliament.[47]

Several villages in the Nile Delta are named after members of the family, mainly in Sharqia. At least one city square in Zagazig and another in Cairo are named 'Abaza'. Many streets and institutions in the country are named after members of the family including at least one government school named after Aziz Pasha Abaza and numerous 'ezbas' (farming estates and villages) in the Sharqia Governorate.[48][49]

In the 2015 parliamentary elections, three members of the Abaza family won seats in the House of Representatives and this was criticized by some in the media referring to their win as "dynastic heredity".[50][51]

Forbes lists Hussein Abaza as one of the top Arab CEOs in the world, for heading the Commercial International Bank.[52]

Another family member, Hussein Mohammed Abaza serves as an international consultant for sustainable development and green economy in the Egyptian government and as an advisor to the Minister of the Environment.[53] He also is a member of the government's National Initiative for Green Projects.[54]

In 2014, the family sued Sada Elbalad TV for the creation of a children's cartoon named 'Abaza', and the program was forced off the air.[55] In the same year Egyptian satellite channel CBC Two aired a one-hour documentary about the family.[56]

Abaza marriages into other aristocratic families and other elite non-aristocratic Egyptian families are common and include marriages with the families of former intelligence chief and Vice President of Egypt Omar Suleiman, former Public Prosecutor Abd-al-Mageed Mahmoud, the Prince Mahmoud al-Yazgi family, the Marcus Pasha Simaika noble family, among many others.[57][58][59][60]

A lentil dish attributed to the family is known in the country as "'ads abazy" (Arabic: عدس أباظي).[61]

They are also known for producing many CEOs and owners of businesses and corporations.[17]

Notable members

The family features a substantial number of famous or influential members and thus this section will keep to a few examples.[62][63][64][65]

Rushdy Abaza
  • Maher Abaza, a member of the Egyptian Parliament and the longest-serving minister in Egyptian history. As the Minister of Electricity and Energy, he was credited with connecting the vast majority of the country's rural areas to the electric grid.[9]
  • Wagih Abaza was a member of the Free Officers Movement, that toppled King Farouk in 1952. He later became governor of four provinces including the capital Cairo, Sharqia, Beheira, and Gharbia, and a prominent businessman. He is also known as the pilot who dropped the first Egyptian bomb in the 1948 war with Israel and was well known for marrying the famed actress Leila Mourad.[70][71][72][73]
  • Mona Abaza (1959-2021) was one of Egypt's most prominent sociologists, whose research interests "ranged from women in rural Egypt, the relation between Islam and the West, urban consumer culture, to Egyptian painting and the Arab Spring".[74]

Pictures

See also

References

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Further Reading

  • Springborg, Robert (11 November 2016). Family, Power, and Politics in Egypt: Sayed Bey Mare--His Clan, Clients, and Cohorts. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-1-5128-0754-7.
  • Goldschmidt, Arthur (2000). Biographical Dictionary of Modern Egypt. Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 978-1-55587-229-8.
  • Kilani, Nashwa Abd Alqader (2016). عائلة أباظة فى مصر ” الدور الأقتصادى – الاجتماعى – السياسى 1952-1891 – دراسة في دور العائلات المصرية فى المجتمع المصرى “ [The Abaza Family In Egypt `The Economic - Social - Political Role (1891-1952) - A Study Of The Role Of Egyptian Families In Egyptian Society`] (in Arabic). مركز المحروسة للنشر والخدمات الصحفية والمعلومات. ISBN 9789773136014
  • Blattner, Elwyn James; Blattner, James Elwyn (1959). Who's who in Egypt and the Middle East. Paul Barbey Press.
  • Sayyid-Marsot, Afaf Lutfi (12 January 1984). Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali. Cambridge University Press. p. 123. ISBN 9780521289689. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  • أباظة, عفاف عزيز (24 May 2021). زوجي ثروت أباظة (in Arabic). Hindawi Foundation. ISBN 978-1-5273-1839-7.
  • Imām, ʻAbd Allāh (1995). وجيه أباظة: صفحات من النضال الوطني (in Arabic). د.ن.،.
  • ʻAṭṭār, Salwá (1989). التغييرات الاجتماعية فى عهد محمد على (in Arabic). دار النهضة العربية. ISBN 978-977-04-0454-6.
  • اباظة, عفاف عزيز (1974). ابى عزيز اباظة (in Arabic). Kotobarabia.com.
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