Jump to content

Buellia aethalea: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Line 65: Line 65:


== References ==
== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=BUAE {{aut|USDA Plants Database}}]

* [http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm#B {{aut|North American Lichen Checklist}}, Version (#17) 16 May 2011]

* [http://liaslight.lias.net/Descriptions/ItemID_688.html {{aut|LIAS}}]
* [http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm#B {{aut|North American Lichen Checklist}} (June 2008)]

* [http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/lichenlist/lichenchecklist_a_d.html#sectB Checklist of the Lichens of Australia and its Island Territories (List "B")]

* [http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=380161 {{aut|Index Fungorum}}]

* [http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=380161 {{aut|MycoBank}}]

=== Photos ===

* {{aut|Pictures of tropical lichens -}} [http://www.tropicallichens.net/?s=Buellia_aethalea ''Buellia aethalea'']

* {{aut|Flechtenbilder (Lichen Images) by Ulrich Kirschbaum -}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20120318162152/http://kmubserv.tg.fh-giessen.de/pm/page.cfm?PRID=20&CFID=44274&CFTOKEN=77161419&PID=1302 ''Buellia aethalea'']

* {{aut|Lichen Gallery of Leif & Anita Stridvall -}} [http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/Buellia?page=1 ''Buellia aethalea'']

* {{aut|Irish lichens}} (photos and descriptions) - [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304213141/http://www.irishlichens.ie/pages-lichen/l-309.html ''Buellia aethalea'']

Revision as of 02:06, 17 March 2024

Buellia aethalea

Vulnerable
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Caliciales
Family: Caliciaceae
Genus: Buellia
Species:
B. aethalea
Binomial name
Buellia aethalea
(Ach.) Th. Fr.
Synonyms
  • Amandinea turgescens
  • Buellia aethalea f. aethaleoides (Nyl.) Grummann, 1958
  • Buellia aethalea f. baltica (Erichsen) Grummann, 1957
  • Buellia aethalea f. sororioides (Erichsen) Grummann, 1957
  • Buellia aethaleoides (Nyl.) H.Olivier
  • Buellia baltica Erichsen
  • Buellia impressula (Leight.) A.L.Sm.
  • Buellia sororia Th.Fr.
  • Buellia sororia var. sororioides (Erichsen) Riehm., 1935
  • Buellia sororioides Erichsen
  • Buellia stellulata sensu auct. brit. p.max.p., 2002
  • Buellia verruculosa (A.L.Sm.) Mudd, 1861
  • Gyalecta aethalea Ach., 1810
  • Lecanora umbrinofusca Nyl.
  • Lecidea aethaleoides Nyl.
  • Lecidea impressula Leight., 1876
  • Lichen verruculosus Borrer
  • Rinodina umbrinofusca (Nyl.) H.Olivier

Buellia aethalea is a species of lichen that belongs to the family Caliciaceae. It is commonly known as darkened button lichen,[1] and Buellie noircie in French.[2]

Description

The thallus of this lichen is crustose and areolate, ranging from thin to rather thick in appearance. The individual areoles are typically 0.2-0.6(-1.2) mm in diameter, angular in shape, and can be pale to dark grey in color, sometimes appearing discolored with a brownish tint.[3] The thallus is often delimited by a narrow, black prothallus that may be visible between the areoles.[3] Microscopically, the medulla is white and lacks calcium oxalate deposits.[4]

The apothecia of B. aethalea are lecideine in structure, measuring (0.1-)0.2-0.2(-0.5) mm in diameter, and remain immersed within the thallus rather than becoming raised and sessile.[4] The margin of the apothecia is black, indistinct, and reduced.[4] The disc is black, flat, and lacks pruina.[4] The excipular structure is narrow and poorly differentiated, with the inner hyphae being hyaline, prosoplectenchymatous, and often reduced, resembling the paraphyses in appearance and orientation.[4]

The outer excipular hyphae are parallel, moderately swollen, and often strongly pigmented with various shades of brown and green-blue colors. The epihymenium is brown, with the pigmentation continuous from the outer exciple. The hymenium is hyaline and lacks oil droplets. The paraphyses are simple to moderately branched, with apically swollen tips containing a brown pigment cap.[4]

The asci are clavate and 8-spored. The ascospores are initially blue green but eventually become dark brown, 1-septate, broadly ellipsoid, and constricted with age. They measure (11-)11.6-[12.8]-14.1(-17) x (5-)7.2-[8.1]-8.9(-10) μm.[4]

Pycnidia, when present, are rare, urceolate to globose, and unilocular, with conidiogenous cells that are mostly terminal, and rarely also intercalary. The conidia are bacilliform, measuring 5-5.5 x 1 μm.[4]

Chemistry

Spot tests reveal that the thallus and medulla are K+ yellow to red (indicating the presence of crystals), P+ yellow, and C-, KC-, CK-.[4] The thallus does not fluoresce under UV light, and the medulla is non-amyloid.[4] The secondary metabolites present in B. aethalea are norstictic and connorstictic acids.[4]

This lichen species is epilithic, growing on a variety of siliceous (HCl-) rock substrates.[4][2]

Distribution and ecology

Buellia aethalea is widely distributed across temperate regions, with the species being commonly encountered in northern Europe. However, reports of its occurrence in North America are considerably scarcer.[4]

Within the Sonoran Desert region of North America, the lichen has been documented growing at higher elevations in the state of Arizona. Specific locations where B. aethalea has been observed include the San Francisco Peaks and the White Mountains.[4]

Ecologically, Buellia aethalea functions as an epilithic lichen, colonizing a variety of siliceous, or acid-based, rock substrates.1

Conservation status

According to NatureServe conservation status, Buellia aethalea has a global conservation status of G3 (rounded), indicating it is vulnerable.[2][1] In Canada, it is ranked as N3N5, with subnational ranks of S3S5 in British Columbia and SNR (unranked) in other provinces.[2] In the United States, it is unranked nationally and, in several states.[2]

Further readings

  • Fries, T.M. (1874) Lichenographia Scandinavica sive dispositio lichenum in Dania, Suecia, Norvegia, Fennia, Lapponia Rossica hactus collectorum. Vol. I Archilichenes discocarpos continens. Pars II. Upsaliae. 325-639 pp.   (Mattick Rec.# 26736 - Literature on Lichens) (PDF file)
  • Bungartz, F. and Nash III, T.H. (2004) The Buellia aethalea-group in the Greater Sonoran Desert Region with reference to similar species in North America. The Bryologist 107(4): 441–458.   (RLL List # 198 / Rec. # 26661 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (JSTOR) (PDF file) (Description of Buella aethalea: pp. 442-445; black-and-white photos of thallus and apothecium: p. 444; map of distribution in the Greater Sonoran Desert Region: p. 453)
  • Bungartz, F., Nordin, A. and Grube, U. (2007) Buellia (pp. 113-179) In: Nash III, T.H., Gries, C., and Bungartz, F. (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 3. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 567 pages.   (RLL List # 210 / Rec. # 29889 - Recent Literature on Lichens) (PDF file) (Description & map of Buellia aethalea: pp. 127-128) (Color photo of B. aethalea in central section of Vol. III)
  • Dobson, F.S. (2000) (Fourth edition) Buellia (pp. 80-83) In, Lichens: An illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. The Richmond Publishing Co., Ltd., Slough, England, 431 pp. (Description and color photo of Buellia aethalea: p. 80)
  • Purvis, O.W., Coppins, B.J., Hawksworth, D.L., James, P.W. and Moore, D.M. (eds.) (1992) Buellia (pp. 129-137) In, The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Natural History Museum Publication, 710 pp. (Buellia aethalea: pp. 131-132)

References

  1. ^ a b "Darkened Button Lichen (Buellia aethalea)". iNaturalist Guatemala. Retrieved 2024-03-17.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Buellia aethalea Darkened Button Lichen". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 2024-03-17.
  3. ^ a b "Buellia aethalea". fungi.myspecies.info. Retrieved 2024-03-17.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2007. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 3.

Photos

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buellia_aethalea&oldid=1214120954"