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->Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 (IcHV1) is a species of virus in genus Ictalurivirus, family Alloherpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales.[1] It causes disease in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and blue catfish (I. furcatus), and can cause significant economic loss in catfish farms.[2] The disease is endemic in the USA and there are reports of the virus in Honduras and Russia.<-

Also known as the channel catfish virus disease (CCVD), it is known for its high mortality rates and reduction in growth in catfish.[3] Occurrences of CCVD are often met with crowding and environmental stress.[3] Factors in favor of the proliferation of CCVD include temperature, crowding, and age. Instances when this virus is reported are usually during warm summer months and in highly crowded catfish ponds–places where the virus can easily be transmitted amongst catfish–and in catfish that are less than a year old.[4]

Background

Although it was first isolated in 1968, the characterization of this virus was intensively studied in 1971.[3][5] Classification of this virus as a herpesvirus began as evidence of characteristics similar to other species of the order were observed using electron microscopy, such as the presence of a viral envelope, assembly of the virus in the nucleus, and a small size (100 nm).[5] Furthermore, the release of the virus and quick onset was found to be similar to group A herpesvirus (is this supposed to be alpha?).[5]

Genome

Sequencing of the IcHV1 has shown it to be similar to all other herpesviruses.[6] Its double-stranded DNA structure of 134 kilo base-pair encodes 79 genes responsible for the infection and spread of the virus. From previous research using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS), 37 structural proteins are responsible for forming the shape of IcHV1 where one of the structural proteins, ORF59, is responsible for viral transmission.[6] This is because ORF59 codes for a hydrophobic envelope to encapsulate the virus in order for it to span across the lipid membrane into the host cell’s cytoplasm.

*This article already had Pathology – the effects and impacts it has on catfish and aquaculture*[7] <- citation from existing article

Immunity

A catfish’s innate and adaptive immunity for IcHV1 allows it to build resistance to it. This has been found through experimental introduction of IcHV1 to recovering catfish that have been exposed to the virus after a season showing an immunity to the virus.[8] However, the mechanism for this immunity is still unsure. There seem to be some observations for this immunity including species-specific natural killer cells where they are shown to kill IcHV1 infected cells and through antibiotic responses where serum from CCVD survivors is injected to young catfish.[9][10]

References

  1. ^ "ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
  2. ^ Huang, S.; Hanson, L. A. (1998-03). "Temporal gene regulation of the channel catfish virus (Ictalurid herpesvirus 1)". Journal of Virology. 72 (3): 1910–1917. doi:10.1128/JVI.72.3.1910-1917.1998. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 109482. PMID 9499043. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  3. ^ a b c Fijan, Nikola N.; Jr, Thomas L. Wellborn; Naftel, John P. (1970). An acute viral disease of channel catfish (Report). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
  4. ^ Hanson, L.; Doszpoly, A.; van Beurden, S. J.; de Oliveira Viadanna, P. H.; Waltzek, T. (2016), "Alloherpesviruses of Fish", Aquaculture Virology, Elsevier, pp. 153–172, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801573-5.00009-7, ISBN 978-0-12-801573-5, retrieved 2024-03-27
  5. ^ a b c Wolf, Ken; Darlington, Robert W. (1971-10). "Channel Catfish Virus: a New Herpesvirus of Ictalurid Fish". Journal of Virology. 8 (4): 525–533. doi:10.1128/jvi.8.4.525-533.1971. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 376226. PMID 4108571. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  6. ^ a b Li, Shu-Xin; Yu, Fei; Chen, Hong-Xun; Zhang, Xiao-Dong; Meng, Li-Hui; Hao, Kai; Zhao, Zhe (2021-11-29). "Characterization of Ictalurid herpesvirus 1 Glycoprotein ORF59 and Its Potential Role on Virus Entry into the Host Cells". Viruses. 13 (12): 2393. doi:10.3390/v13122393. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 8709185. PMID 34960662.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. ^ "Channel Catfish Virus - WikiVet English". en.wikivet.net. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
  8. ^ Arnizaut, Ab; Hanson, La (2011-07-12). "Antibody response of channel catfish after channel catfish virus infection and following dexamethasone treatment". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 95 (3): 189–201. doi:10.3354/dao02348. ISSN 0177-5103.
  9. ^ Hogan, Robert J.; Stuge, Tor B.; Clem, L.William; Miller, Norman W.; Chinchar, V.Gregory (1996-03). "Anti-viral cytotoxic cells in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)". Developmental & Comparative Immunology. 20 (2): 115–127. doi:10.1016/0145-305X(95)00043-S. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ Hedrick, R. P.; McDowell, T. (1987-03). "Passive Transfer of Sera with Antivirus Neutralizing Activity from Adult Channel Catfish Protects Juveniles from Channel Catfish Virus Disease". Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 116 (2): 277–281. doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<277:PTOSWA>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0002-8487. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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