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Coordinates: 20°44′14″S 48°54′53″W / 20.73722°S 48.91472°W / -20.73722; -48.91472
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{{more citations needed|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Limeira
|name = Olímpia
|settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Brazil|Municipality]]
| native_name =
|official_name = <small>The Municipality of</small><br />Olímpia
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Brazil|Municipality]]
|nickname = Folklore's National Capital, The Lady Girl City
| image_shield = Limeira.PNG
|motto =
| image_flag = Bandeira_Limeira_SaoPaulo_Brasil.svg
| image_skyline = Mural Limeira.png
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
| image_caption = From left to right, the notable landmarks in Limeira include the Prada Building, the Fraternity Palace, the Commercial Centre Edifice, the revolutionary monument on Toledo Barros plaza, the "Spencer Vampré" City Forum, the Grotto, the Levy Manour, St. Thérèse of Lisieux Church, E.E. Brasil (state high school), and the skyline seen from Jd. Planalto.
| image_map = SaoPaulo Municip Limeira.svg
|image_caption =
| map_caption = Location in São Paulo state
|image_flag = Bandeira de Olímpia.png
|image_seal = Brasão de Olímpia, SP.jpg
| pushpin_map = Brazil
|image_map = SaoPaulo Municip Olimpia.svg
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Brazil
|mapsize = 250px
| coordinates = {{coord|22|33|54|S|47|24|07|W|display=inline,title}}
|map_caption = Location of Olímpia
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|pushpin_map =
| subdivision_name = Brazil
|subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Brazil|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Brazil|Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[States of Brazil|State]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[States of Brazil|State]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Mesoregion (Brazil)|Mesoregion]]
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}}
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mesoregions of Brazil|Mesoregion]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast]]
| subdivision_name3 =
|subdivision_name2 = {{flag|São Paulo}}
| subdivision_type4 = [[Microregion (Brazil)|Microregion]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Mesoregion of São José do Rio Preto|São José do Rio Preto]]
| subdivision_name4 =
|leader_title = Mayor
| subdivision_type5 = [[Metropolitan area#Brazil|Metrop. region]]
|leader_name = Eugênio José Zuliani
| subdivision_name5 =
| established_title = Founded
|established_title =
| established_date = 1826
|established_date = 2009
|area_total_km2 = 802.6
| leader_party = [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|PSD]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|area_total_sq_mi =
| leader_name = Mário Botion (2021)
|area_urban_km2 =
| elevation_m = 588
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|population_as_of = 2020 <ref name="ibge">{{cite web|url=https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sp/olimpia/panorama|website=cidades.ibge.gov.br|title=IBGE 2020|access-date=2024-03-24}}</ref>
| area_footnotes =
|population_note =
| area_total_km2 = 581
|population_total = 55,130
| area_metro_km2 =
|population_density_km2 = 62.32
| population_footnotes =
|population_density_sq_mi =
| population_total = 310,783
|population_urban =
| population_as_of = 2021 <ref>[https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sp/limeira/panorama IBGE 2021]</ref>
|timezone = [[Time in Brazil|BRT]]
| population_metro =
|utc_offset = −3
| population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone_DST =
| population_demonym =
|utc_offset_DST =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
|coordinates = {{coord|20|44|14|S|48|54|53|W|region:BR|display=inline,title}}
| blank_info_sec1 = 0.775 – <span style="color:#090">high</span><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708233352/http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2014 |access-date=August 1, 2013 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP)
|elevation_m = 506
}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Time in Brazil|BRT]]
|elevation_ft =
| utc_offset1 = -03:00
|area_code = +55 17
|postal_code_type = Postal Code
| timezone1_DST =
|postal_code = 15400-000
| utc_offset1_DST =
|website = [http://www.olimpia.sp.gov.br/ Olímpia's Prefecture]
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Brazil|Postal code]]
| postal_code =
|blank_name =
|blank_info =
| area_code_type = [[List of dialling codes in Brazil|Area code]]
| area_code =
|footnotes =
| website = {{URL|http://www.limeira.sp.gov.br}}
| established_date1 = April 18, 1863
| established_title1 = City Established
}}
}}
'''Limeira''' is a city in the eastern part of the [[Brazil]]ian [[States of Brazil|state]] of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]]. With a population of approximately 291,869 people (2022 [[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]].) and covering an area of 581 square kilometers, it sits at an elevation of 588 meters.<ref>[https://archive.today/20150916103418/http://cod.ibge.gov.br/233OQ Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística]</ref> The city is situated 154 kilometers from [[São Paulo]], the capital of the state, and 1011 kilometers from [[Brasília|Brasilia]], the capital of Brazil. Limeira is conveniently accessible from São Paulo via two highways: [[Rodovia Anhanguera]] and [[Rodovia dos Bandeirantes]].


'''Olímpia''' is a municipality in the state of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], [[Brazil]], in the [[Microregion of São José do Rio Preto]]. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 55,130 inhabitants. The city has a total area of {{Convert|802.6|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.
In the past, Limeira was a significant center for [[Coffee culture|coffee cultivation]] and played a strategic role in the industry. It also earned the nickname "Brazilian orange capital" due to its extensive production of [[citrus]] fruits. However, the primary agricultural focus in the city has now shifted to [[Sugarcane|sugar cane]] cultivation. Limeira has gained international recognition as "Brazil's plated jewelry capital" due to its thriving industry in plated and semi-jewelry. More than 450 companies in Limeira are responsible for half of Brazil's exports in this sector.

Limeira is part of the São Paulo metropolitan complex, which is the largest in the southern hemisphere, with an estimated population of around 30 million people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GOV.BR |url=https://www.gov.br/pt-br/pagina-inicial |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=Serviços e Informações do Brasil |language=pt-br}}</ref>


==History==
==History==


The oldest archaeological evidence in the territory dates back to the centuries [[9th century|9th]] or [[10th century|10th]]. In the early 1990s, workers of construction found four funerary urns containing bones, bead necklaces, and pots inside, which was later linked to the [[Tupi people|Tupi]], and [[Jê peoples|Macro Je people]]. Although it is known that Latin America was inhabited by nomadic tribes, this is actually the oldest evidence of human presence in the area prior to European colonization.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-21 |title=Cemitério Maranata está registrado pelo IPHAN em 1997 |url=https://ifolha.com.br/noticias/cemiterio-maranata-esta-registrado-pelo-iphan-em-1997/ |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=iFolha |language=pt-BR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MPF/SP recomenda preservação de sítio arqueológico em Olímpia |url=https://mpf.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/144659276/mpf-sp-recomenda-preservacao-de-sitio-arqueologico-em-olimpia |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Jusbrasil |language=pt-br}}</ref>
The history of Limeira dates back to the economic exploitation of the state of São Paulo, specifically in the mid-1820s, marking the foundation of the Limeira region.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}} The city's name is steeped in legend, offering an intriguing explanation for its origins.


In the 19th century, the foundation of Olimpia (formerly knows as Fazenda Olhos d'Água, and then, Vila Olímpia) is related to the [[Coffee production in Brazil|coffee industry]] during the [[Empire of Brazil]], when plantation owners meet the demand of labor.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eakin |first=Marshall C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nFozTyIodkoC |title=Brazil: The Once and Future Country |date=1998-09-15 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-312-21445-6 |language=en}}</ref>
According to local folklore, pioneers would often seek respite at a guesthouse situated approximately 150&nbsp;km from São Paulo, near the Tatuibi River. In the [[Tupi-Guarani]] language, "Tatuibi" translates to "small armadillo." This resting place became known as Rancho Morro Azul (Blue Hill Ranch) due to its proximity to a striking blue-hued hill that could be seen from a distance.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}


With the exhaustion of the gold mines, people abandoned their previous sites in search of a better one. The new settlers focus on the unexplored areas to dedicate themselves to agriculture and cattle raising.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
According to the legend, in 1781, a caravan traveling to the wilderness of Araraquara made a stop in Limeira and set up camp near a stream called Córrego do Bexiga, which is now the location of the Market Model. Among the members of the caravan was a Franciscan friar named João das Mercês, who carried a variety of lime orange known as "picuá de limas," believed to possess healing properties for fevers. However, the friar fell ill later that night and attributed his sickness to the limas, suspecting that they had been poisoned. He died during the night, and the following day, he was buried at the same site along with his untouched Picuá de Lima limes that no one dared to consume due to the perceived risk of poisoning. Legend has it that a lime tree sprouted from the seeds of those limes. Over the years, the place originally known as Rancho do Morro Azul (Blue Hill Ranch) came to be called Rancho de Limeira (the Ranch of the Lime Orange Tree).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-06-26 |title=O limeirense |url=http://www.olimeirense.com.br/historia.htm#nome |access-date=2023-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626055212/http://www.olimeirense.com.br/historia.htm#nome |archive-date=2010-06-26 }}</ref>


The first reports indicate that a farmer named <nowiki>''Antônio Joaquim dos Santos''</nowiki> was the first settler to establish a farm in the 19th century. He named his property as <nowiki>''</nowiki>Fazenda Olhos D'Água<nowiki>''</nowiki> (Portuguese for <nowiki>''</nowiki>Water holes farm<nowiki>''</nowiki>) due to the amount of water springs in the area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=História de Olímpia |url=https://www.olimpia.sp.gov.br/portal/servicos/1007/historia-de-olimpia |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Prefeitura da Estância Turística de Olímpia-SP |language=pt-br}}</ref>
=== Historical Background ===
The founding of Limeira took place on cleared land situated along the path known as the "Picadão de Cuiabá", an important historical route that played a crucial role in trade and the provision of resources to mines in [[Mato Grosso]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Rosada |first=Mateus |date=2009-01-01 |title=Ibicaba, uma fazenda de café modelo |url=https://www.academia.edu/7599924 |journal=Congreso de TICCIH - the International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage}}</ref>


The increasing numbers of migrant colonials settling in the area and the need for a collectivized farming led the local community the decision to create the village.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Olímpia (São Paulo) – Acervo Lima |url=https://wiki.acervolima.com/olimpia-sao-paulo/ |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=wiki.acervolima.com}}</ref> In 1903, the landowners invitated the [[English people|English]] immigrants Robert John Reid, and William Leatherbarrow, to separate the lands and establish the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facesp - Federação das Associações Comercias do Estado de São Paulo |url=https://www.facesp.com.br/catalogo/associacao/NTAwMDE0NjQ= |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=www.facesp.com.br}}</ref>
During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, landowners and farmers from "Cidade da Constituição" ([[Piracicaba]]), [[Itu, São Paulo|Itu]], [[Porto Feliz]], and [[Atibaia]] identified the region as having fertile land for agriculture. They acquired allotments from the provincial government between 1799 and 1820.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}


The town was elevated to a district of [[Barretos]] on December 18, 1906, and named as "Vila Olímpia" in honor to Maria Olímpia Rodrigues Vieira, who was the daughter of Antônio Olímpio Rodrigues Vieira. Vieira was one of the founders of the city.
The village of Limeira began to develop with the installation of mills and the arrival of slaveholders and slaves. Squatters who had settled in the area were subsequently expelled. According to the 1822 census, the population of the Town of Piracicaba, including the regions of Morro Azul and Tatuibi (both part of Limeira), consisted of 951 free people and 546 slaves.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mendes |first=Felipe Landim Ribeiro |title=Ibicaba revisitada outra vez: espaço, escravidão e trabalho livre no oeste paulista1 |journal=Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material |year=2017 |language=pt |volume=25 |pages=301–357 |doi=10.1590/1982-02672017v25n0112 |issn=0101-4714|doi-access=free }}</ref>


Nowadays, a range of buildings reveal the timeline of Olimpia<nowiki>'s history and were declared historical landmarks, such as the old railway station, and the first hospital of the city ''Beneficiência Portuguesa''</nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facesp - Federação das Associações Comercias do Estado de São Paulo |url=https://www.facesp.com.br/catalogo/associacao/NTAwMDE0NjQ= |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=www.facesp.com.br}}</ref>
The road infrastructure connecting Limeira to the capital was inadequate, prompting Nicolau Pereira de Campos Vergueiro to lead a group of farmers, including Manuel Bento de Barros and José Ferraz de Campos, in requesting the construction of a new road. Their aim was to facilitate the transportation of goods from the mills in the region of Piracicaba and Limeira.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}


The city was separated from Barretos on December 7, 1917.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the City|url=http://www.olimpia.sp.gov.br/index.php?abre=olimpia=sp=historia=de=olimpia|publisher=Olimpia.sp.gov.br|language=pt|access-date=2011-07-09}}</ref>
Upon the completion of the new road in 1826 and the subsequent formalization of the settlement project known as the Freguesia de Nossa Senhora das Dores do Tatuibi in 1830, the municipality of Limeira took shape.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIMEIRA |url=https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/dtbs/saopaulo/limeira.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929130828/http://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/dtbs/saopaulo/limeira.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-29 |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=biblioteca.ibge.gov.br |language=pt}}</ref> The bustling trade and flourishing development along this road were instrumental in laying the foundations of the city.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}


In July 2014, it was approved by the [[São Paulo State Legislative Assembly]], a bill that turned Olímpia into a [[Resort town|Touristic Municipality]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prefeitura da Estância Turística de Olímpia-SP |url=https://www.olimpia.sp.gov.br/ |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Prefeitura da Estância Turística de Olímpia-SP |language=pt-br}}</ref>
In 1842, Limeira was elevated to the status of a village. Two years later, in 1844, the city council was established with Manuel José de Carvalho serving as its first president. In 1842, the village of Limeira was elevated to the status of a town and eventually achieved city status on April 18, 1863. The city's official anniversary is celebrated on September 15, and it is considered to have been founded in 1826.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MÊS DO ANIVERSÁRIO: Limeira faz 194 anos; e com muita música – Tribuna |url=http://portaltribuna.com.br/2020/09/mes-do-aniversario-limeira-faz-194-anos-e-com-muita-musica/ |access-date=2023-06-06 |language=pt-BR}}</ref>


=== Toponym ===
Limeira holds historical significance as one of the earliest cities in Brazil to embrace privately sponsored European immigration.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}} In 1840, Nicolau Pereira de Campos Vergueiro, owner of Ibicaba Mill, introduced a partnership system by bringing eighty Portuguese individuals to work on his lands. This initiative aimed to replace slave labor with free European workers who would receive certain benefits. German immigrants also joined the workforce at Ibicaba in 1846, further contributing to the transition away from slave labor.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}
The name of the city comes from <nowiki>''Maria Olímpia Rodrigues Vieira''</nowiki>, daughter of one of the men who founded the city.

The Ibicaba farm, which became one of Brazil's largest coffee producers during its peak, entered the realm of literary art. In her historical novel, Swiss writer [[Eveline Hasler]] accompanies Swiss settlers on their journey and colonization in Ibicaba. In 1996, the property embarked on tourism activities and has since welcomed a considerable number of domestic and international visitors. However, the majority of its revenue is derived from sugarcane farming, as its lands are leased to Usina Iracema.<ref name="auto"/>

Today, the Ibicaba farm is renowned for its historical significance and architectural features. It encompasses structures such as the main house, slave quarters, terraces, and dams, which contribute to the city's collection of historic farms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mirage of the New World: Eveline Hasler's Ibicaba, das Paradies in den Köpfen |url=https://academic.oup.com/fmls/article-abstract/44/1/76/542255 |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=academic.oup.com}}</ref>

==Geography==
Limeira is located at an elevation of 588 meters in the [[Campinas]] Administrative Region, 145&nbsp;km northwest of São Paulo city. It serves as the administrative hub for the Limeira Microregion, which encompasses eight municipalities: [[Araras]], [[Leme, São Paulo|Leme]], Limeira, [[Pirassununga]], [[Cordeirópolis]], [[Conchal]], [[Santa Cruz da Conceição]], and [[Iracemápolis]]. The city benefits from its strategic positioning along major road and rail networks, connecting São Paulo state to [[Minas Gerais]] and the Midwest region of Brazil. It is also well-connected to a prominent railway line that facilitates the transportation of goods from the [[Amazon basin|Amazon region]] to the [[port of Santos]]. Limeira is situated near the Tietê-Paraná Waterway, a significant water route that links it to the southern states of Brazil and the Mercosur countries. The city is positioned in a region characterized by a peripheral depression, with elevations ranging from 500 to 800 meters. Morro Azul is a notable landmark in the Limeira region, standing at an elevation of 831 meters above sea level, making it the highest point in the area.{{cn|date=August 2023}} This prominent feature has served as a reliable reference point for pioneers and travelers, guiding them through the vast territories of the region.

=== Climate ===
Limeira experiences a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] Cwa), with distinctive wet and dry seasons lasting from October to March and from April to September, respectively, and warm to hot temperatures year-round. The average temperature is 19.8&nbsp;°C (67.6&nbsp;°F) and yearly precipitation stands at 1300.5&nbsp;mm (51.2&nbsp;in).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jornal do Tempo {{!}} Climatologia para Limeira-SP |url=http://jornaldotempo.uol.com.br/climatologia.html/Limeira-SP// |access-date=2017-04-15 |website=jornaldotempo.uol.com.br |language=pt-br}}</ref> On 17 October 2014, temperatures in the city reached a record high of 38.6&nbsp;°C (101.4&nbsp;°F) and its coldest day was 9 July 2011, with a low of 0.1&nbsp;°C (32.1&nbsp;°F).

{{Weather box
|location = Limeira, Brazil (1961&ndash;1990)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 27.2
|Feb high C = 27.2
|Mar high C = 27.2
|Apr high C = 25.5
|May high C = 23.5
|Jun high C = 22.3
|Jul high C = 22.1
|Aug high C = 24.0
|Sep high C = 24.6
|Oct high C = 24.8
|Nov high C = 26.0
|Dec high C = 25.4
|year high C = 24.9
|Jan low C = 17.8
|Feb low C = 17.8
|Mar low C = 17.2
|Apr low C = 15.2
|May low C = 12.9
|Jun low C = 11.4
|Jul low C = 10.9
|Aug low C = 12.0
|Sep low C = 13.8
|Oct low C = 14.6
|Nov low C = 16.0
|Dec low C = 16.9
|year low C = 14.7
|Jan precipitation mm = 235.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 211.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 138.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 53.6
|May precipitation mm = 41.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 41.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 19.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 24.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 61.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 120.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 140.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 210.8
|year precipitation mm = 1300.5
|source 1 = Climatologia para Limeira-SP - Jornal do Tempo - UOL
|date=December 2010}}


==Economy==
==Economy==
===Industry===


The [[Tertiary sector of the economy|service sector]] is the largest employer. Trade and Services accounted 65.5%, followed by the [[Industrial sector|Industry]] representing 26% and [[Primary sector|the primary sector]] accounting 8.2% of the GDP.<ref name="Seade">{{cite web|title=Municipal Profile at SEADE|url=http://www.seade.gov.br/produtos/perfil/perfilMunEstado.php|publisher=Fundação SEADE|access-date=2011-07-08|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823080724/http://www.seade.gov.br/produtos/perfil/perfilMunEstado.php|archive-date=2011-08-23}}</ref>
Limeira's industrial legacy dates back to 1850 when it first ventured into the manufacturing of agricultural equipment. During the [[Paraguayan War]], Limeira played a pivotal role by producing instruments for soldiers. Between 1907 and 1922, Limeira witnessed the emergence of significant industries, including Chapéus Prada (1907), Café Kühl (1920), and Indústria de Papel Santa Cruz (1922).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nossa Cidade |url=https://www.acillimeira.com.br/nossa-cidade |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=ACIL - Associação Comercial e Industrial de Limeira |language=pt-br}}</ref> However, it was after the 1940s that Limeira gained recognition for its industrial sector.


=== Thermas dos Laranjais ===
[[File:Prada.jpg|left|250px|thumb| Former Chapéus Prada industrial building, now Limeira City Hall.]]
Olimpia is home to ''Thermas dos Laranjais'' [[water park]], one of the most visited water parks in the world. The park was opened in 1987 and is home to the largest complex of thrilling [[Water slide|waterslides]] in Brazil occupying an area of 358.797&nbsp;sq. yd. (300&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newby |first=Johnny |date=2019-07-29 |title=Thermas dos Laranjais |url=https://thetravelhackinglife.com/thermas-dos-laranjais/ |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=The Travel Hacking Life |language=en-US}}</ref>
Between the 1940s and 1970s, Limeira witnessed the rise of several citrus companies engaged in orange cultivation and orange juice production. These companies catered to both domestic and international markets, including the United States and Europe, contributing to Limeira's reputation as "The City of Orange". Among the prominent players were Citrobrasil (1940) and Citrosuco (1966), which dominated the orange production sector in Limeira.{{cn|date=December 2023}} However, the orange industry in Limeira faced a significant setback when the United States implemented protective measures to support its own orange industry in [[California]].{{cn|date=December 2023}} This led to a decline in orange production in Limeira. Additionally, the automotive sector gained prominence in Limeira after World War II, with the establishment of companies like 'Freios Varga' (now TRW) in 1945 and 'Rodas Fumagalli' in 1946.{{cn|date=December 2023}}


It boasts more than 55 attractions. These include waterslides, surfing facilities, pools, rivers, and family-friendly offerings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-05 |title='Brazilian Orlando' Hopes to Set a Record of 750,000 Tourists this Summer |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/travel/2022/01/brazilian-orlando-hopes-to-set-a-record-of-750000-tourists-this-summer.shtml |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=en-US}}</ref>
In the aftermath of the 1970s, Limeira's industrial sector experienced a rapid expansion, attracting the interest of multinational corporations. Among the notable companies that established their presence in the city are [[Ajinomoto]]. In 1974, the American corporation [[Rockwell International|Rockwell]] acquired Fumagalli, and in 2000, 'Freios Varga' became a part of the English-based Lucas Group. In more recent years, Limeira has become a preferred destination for Japanese and Korean automotive companies, including Yacchyio do Brasil, Stanley, Mando, DAS, and Faurecia. Furthermore, the city has witnessed the construction of a new plant by the French company [[Faurecia]]. In 2011, [[Samsung]] made a substantial investment of $300 million to establish its manufacturing facility in Limeira.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://valor.globo.com/empresas/noticia/2011/09/20/samsung-investe-us-300-milhoes.ghtml|title=Samsung investe US$ 300 milhões|date=September 20, 2011|website=Valor Econômico}}</ref>


Limeira is renowned for its thriving plated jewelry and semi-jewelry industry, attracting customers from all over the world and earning the city the title of "Brazil's capital of plated jewelry."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martins |first=Binha |title=Museu da Jóia de Limeira, SP |url=https://www.revistaneoo.com/2016/09/museu-da-joia-de-limeira-sp.html |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Revista Nós e outros Olhos}}</ref>
According to [[Themed Entertainment Association]] (TEA), by 2019 the park received 1.8&nbsp;million visitors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-15 |title=The top 17 water parks in the world |url=https://blooloop.com/water-parks/in-depth/worlds-top-water-parks/ |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Blooloop |language=en-GB}}</ref>


==Culture==
To make the city more appealing to industries, The local government has implemented various incentive programs aimed at reducing unemployment and informal labor, which have been on the rise along with the city's population. A significant portion of the population commutes to nearby cities such as Piracicaba and [[Americana, São Paulo|Americana]] for work. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ([[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]), Limeira had a GDP of [[Brazilian real|R$]]12.155 billion (approximately U$3.81 billion) in 2017, with the industrial sector accounting for roughly 50% of registered jobs in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=PIB de Limeira teve aumento de 10,5% em 2017, divulga IBGE |url=https://gazetadelimeira.com.br/economia/2147495730 |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=Gazeta de Limeira |language=pt-br}}</ref> Limeira's industrial park has been developed and implemented guided by its incentive program, emphasizing its industrial vocation.


Limeira benefits from several advantageous factors for its development, including the expansion of the Bandeirantes Highway (Rodovia dos Bandeirantes), the establishment of the Tietê-Paraná waterway, and the installation of the Brazil-Bolivia gas pipeline.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GasNet O Site do Gás Natural e GNV - Fornecimento de gás canalizado começa em prédios do Centro de Limeira (SP) |url=https://www.gasnet.com.br/Conteudo/Detalhe/4462 |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=www.gasnet.com.br}}</ref>
Olímpia is known as <nowiki>''The capital of Folklore''</nowiki> promoting every year the ''National Folklore Festival of Olimpia,'' when Brazilian folklore groups meet themselves to perform on stage their local dances ranging from [[Gaucho culture|Gaucho]] tradition groups to Amazonian dances.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Festival do Folclore de Olímpia - SP |url=https://www.folcloreolimpia.com.br/ |access-date=2022-03-11 |website=Festival do Folclore de Olímpia - SP |language=pt-br}}</ref>


== Sports ==
=== Commercial and Service Industries ===
The city is home to [[Olímpia Futebol Clube]].
The commerce and service sector in Limeira is vibrant and diverse. The city is home to over 4,000 retail stores and 3,000 service businesses.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}} The introduction of a shopping complex along the Anhanguera Road in the 1980s greatly stimulated the expansion of Limeira's service industry. In line with the global trends of globalization and outsourcing, a multitude of companies have emerged in Limeira, offering support to the city's industrial sector through modernization efforts.


==Transportation==
Although the original mall closed in the 1990s, there is still a shopping mall located in the downtown area known as Shopping Patio Limeira.


*[[SP-322]] - ''Rodovia'' Armando de Salles Oliveira
In terms of public services, Limeira is home to several regional organizations and government agencies, as well as private institutions like CIESP, [[SENAI]], [[Industrial Social Services|SESI]], and SENAC.
*[[SP-425]] - ''Rodovia'' Assis Chateaubriand

One of the main challenges faced by the city is competition from neighboring cities, which offer a wider variety and more convenient shopping options. In some cases, residents may prefer to travel to Campinas or Piracicaba for their consumer needs. {{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}
Number of companies in Limeira by sector (IBGE 2001):<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.limeira.sp.gov.br/municipio/09.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415151542/http://www.limeira.sp.gov.br/municipio/09.htm|url-status=dead|title=Information of the City about number of Companies|archivedate=April 15, 2012}}</ref>

* Agriculture and forestry: 37 companies
* Fishery: 1 company
* Extractive Industries: 10 companies
* Manufacturing Industry: 1266 companies
* Production and Distribution of electricity, Gas and Water: 3 companies
* Construction: 170 companies
* Trade, repair of motor vehicles, personal effects and household: 4,088 companies
* Accommodation and Food: 605 companies
* Transport, Storage and Communications: 238 companies
* Financial Intermediation: 73 companies
* Real Estate activities, Rentals and Business Services: 779 companies
* Public Administration, Defense and Social Security: 6 companies
* Education: 106 companies
* Health and Social Services: 114 companies
* Other Collective, Social and Personal: 405 companies

===Agriculture===
Rural production in Limeira is primarily focused on sugar cane (for ethanol production) and citrus fruits, which have remained relatively stable over the past two decades, with a slight decline in recent years{{when|date=August 2023}} {{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}. The city produces over 1 million tons of sugar cane and more than 1.4 billion units of citrus fruits annually {{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}. Additionally, there is smaller-scale production of avocados, corn, rice, and beans. Limeira is renowned as the leading citrus producer in São Paulo and is particularly known for its production of citrus seedlings.

Limeira has also developed into a prominent center for plant and seedling commerce, particularly in the Geada area along the Limeira-Piracicaba Road (located at kilometer 120). Notable companies in this sector include Félix Plantas,<ref>[http://felixplantas.com.br/ Félix Plantas]</ref> Bonin Plantas,<ref>[http://www.boninplantas.com.br/ Bonin Plantas]</ref> Dierberger,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fazendacitra.com.br/|title=Dierberger Plantas|website=www.fazendacitra.com.br}}</ref> and Chácara Roseira.<ref>[http://www.chacararoseira.com.br/ Chácara Roseira]</ref>

==Media==

There are two daily newspapers available in the city: "[[A Gazeta de Limeira]]" established in 1831, and "O Jornal de Limeira," established in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gazetainfo.com.br/|title=GazetaInfo - Notícias, Marketing Digital, Investimentos|date=February 20, 2023}}</ref><ref>[http://jlmais.com/ "Jornal de Limeira" official website]</ref> In addition, there are several weekly newspapers, such as "Folha de Limeira," "Folha Cidade Interior," "Folha Cidade Gospel," and "Cidade Mais."<ref>[http://jcmais.com.br/ "Cidade Mais" official website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426082316/http://jcmais.com.br/ |date=2012-04-26 }}</ref>

==Health==

Limeira is home to five major hospitals, two of which operate as charitable institutions and receive public financial and management support:
* [[Santa Casa de Misericórdia]]
* Sociedade Operária Humanitária

The other three hospitals are privately owned:
* Hospital [[Unimed (organization)|Unimed]]
* Hospital Medical
* Hospital Dia (previously known as "Hospital Filantrópico Beneficência Limeirense," which has been closed and taken over by the Santa Casa de Misericórdia).

Serving patients from 92 cities in São Paulo and southern Minas Gerais, the Santa Casa de Misericórdia operates as one of the largest public hospitals in the countryside of São Paulo State. It is the designated facility for the Brazilian public health system (SUS).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.limeira.sp.gov.br/municipio/05.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426082719/http://www.limeira.sp.gov.br/municipio/05.htm|url-status=dead|title=City Hall official website on public assistance|archivedate=April 26, 2012}}</ref>

==Sports==
Limeira is home to [[Associação Atlética Internacional (Limeira)|Inter de Limeira (Associação Atética Internacional de Limeira)]], a highly regarded football club, along with [[Independente Futebol Clube]]. The primary stadium in the city is the [[Estádio Major José Levy Sobrinho|Major José Levy Sobrinho]] (Limeirão), established in 1977.

In basketball, the city is represented by [[Associação Limeirense de Basquete]], competing in the [[Novo Basquete Brasil]] and the [[Liga Sudamericana]]. Their home arena is the Ginásio "Vô" Lucato.

== Sister cities ==
*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Saga (city)|Saga]], [[Kyushu]] – [[Japan]]
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Ganzhou]], [[Jiangxi]] – [[China]]

==See also==
* [[European immigration to Brazil]]
* [[German Brazilian]]
* [[Piracicaba]]
* [[Ajinomoto]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
===Notes===
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{Cite book|last=Busch|first=Reynaldo|title=História de Limeira|editor=Sociedade Pró Memória de Limeira|publisher=Paulo Masuti Levy / José Eduardo Heflinger Jr|date=January 2007|edition=third|pages=105–270|ref=Busch69}}
* {{Cite book|last=Heflinger|first=José|title=Ibicaba|editor=Unigráfica Indústria Gráfica LTDA|publisher=José Eduardo Heflinger Jr|year=2007|edition=second|pages=11–54|ref=Heflinger69}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.olimpia.sp.gov.br/ Official Site of Olímpia's Prefecture]
{{Sister project links|Limeira}}
* {{in lang|pt}} [http://www.citybrazil.com.br/sp/olimpia/ citybrazil.com.br]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111002053542/http://www.limeira.sp.gov.br/file/ Cityhall official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111010024842/http://www.saopaulo.sp.gov.br/ State of São Paulo official website]


{{Municipalities of São Paulo}}
{{São Paulo state|São José do Rio Preto}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Olimpia}}
[[Category:Limeira| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1863]]
[[Category:1826 establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:Municipalities in São Paulo (state)]]
[[Category:Municipalities in São Paulo (state)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 19th century]]

Revision as of 04:40, 13 April 2024

Olímpia
Municipality
The Municipality of
Olímpia
Flag of Olímpia
Flag
Official seal of Olímpia
Seal
Nickname(s): 
Folklore's National Capital, The Lady Girl City
Location of Olímpia
Location of Olímpia
Coordinates: 20°44′14″S 48°54′53″W / 20.73722°S 48.91472°W / -20.73722; -48.91472
Country Brazil
RegionSoutheast
State São Paulo
MesoregionSão José do Rio Preto
Government
 • MayorEugênio José Zuliani
Area
 • Total802.6 km2 (309.9 sq mi)
Elevation
506 m (1,660 ft)
Population
 (2020 [1])
 • Total55,130
 • Density62.32/km2 (161.4/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−3 (BRT)
Postal Code
15400-000
Area code+55 17
WebsiteOlímpia's Prefecture

Olímpia is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the Microregion of São José do Rio Preto. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 55,130 inhabitants. The city has a total area of 802.6 km2 (309.9 sq mi).

History

The oldest archaeological evidence in the territory dates back to the centuries 9th or 10th. In the early 1990s, workers of construction found four funerary urns containing bones, bead necklaces, and pots inside, which was later linked to the Tupi, and Macro Je people. Although it is known that Latin America was inhabited by nomadic tribes, this is actually the oldest evidence of human presence in the area prior to European colonization.[2][3]

In the 19th century, the foundation of Olimpia (formerly knows as Fazenda Olhos d'Água, and then, Vila Olímpia) is related to the coffee industry during the Empire of Brazil, when plantation owners meet the demand of labor.[4]

With the exhaustion of the gold mines, people abandoned their previous sites in search of a better one. The new settlers focus on the unexplored areas to dedicate themselves to agriculture and cattle raising.[citation needed]

The first reports indicate that a farmer named ''Antônio Joaquim dos Santos'' was the first settler to establish a farm in the 19th century. He named his property as ''Fazenda Olhos D'Água'' (Portuguese for ''Water holes farm'') due to the amount of water springs in the area.[5]

The increasing numbers of migrant colonials settling in the area and the need for a collectivized farming led the local community the decision to create the village.[6] In 1903, the landowners invitated the English immigrants Robert John Reid, and William Leatherbarrow, to separate the lands and establish the city.[7]

The town was elevated to a district of Barretos on December 18, 1906, and named as "Vila Olímpia" in honor to Maria Olímpia Rodrigues Vieira, who was the daughter of Antônio Olímpio Rodrigues Vieira. Vieira was one of the founders of the city.

Nowadays, a range of buildings reveal the timeline of Olimpia's history and were declared historical landmarks, such as the old railway station, and the first hospital of the city ''Beneficiência Portuguesa''.[8]

The city was separated from Barretos on December 7, 1917.[9]

In July 2014, it was approved by the São Paulo State Legislative Assembly, a bill that turned Olímpia into a Touristic Municipality.[10]

Toponym

The name of the city comes from ''Maria Olímpia Rodrigues Vieira'', daughter of one of the men who founded the city.

Economy

The service sector is the largest employer. Trade and Services accounted 65.5%, followed by the Industry representing 26% and the primary sector accounting 8.2% of the GDP.[11]

Thermas dos Laranjais

Olimpia is home to Thermas dos Laranjais water park, one of the most visited water parks in the world. The park was opened in 1987 and is home to the largest complex of thrilling waterslides in Brazil occupying an area of 358.797 sq. yd. (300 km2).[12]

It boasts more than 55 attractions. These include waterslides, surfing facilities, pools, rivers, and family-friendly offerings.[13]

According to Themed Entertainment Association (TEA), by 2019 the park received 1.8 million visitors.[14]

Culture

Olímpia is known as ''The capital of Folklore'' promoting every year the National Folklore Festival of Olimpia, when Brazilian folklore groups meet themselves to perform on stage their local dances ranging from Gaucho tradition groups to Amazonian dances.[15]

Sports

The city is home to Olímpia Futebol Clube.

Transportation

  • SP-322 - Rodovia Armando de Salles Oliveira
  • SP-425 - Rodovia Assis Chateaubriand

References

  1. ^ "IBGE 2020". cidades.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved 2024-03-24.
  2. ^ "Cemitério Maranata está registrado pelo IPHAN em 1997". iFolha (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2014-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  3. ^ "MPF/SP recomenda preservação de sítio arqueológico em Olímpia". Jusbrasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  4. ^ Eakin, Marshall C. (1998-09-15). Brazil: The Once and Future Country. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-21445-6.
  5. ^ "História de Olímpia". Prefeitura da Estância Turística de Olímpia-SP (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  6. ^ "Olímpia (São Paulo) – Acervo Lima". wiki.acervolima.com. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  7. ^ "Facesp - Federação das Associações Comercias do Estado de São Paulo". www.facesp.com.br. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  8. ^ "Facesp - Federação das Associações Comercias do Estado de São Paulo". www.facesp.com.br. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  9. ^ "History of the City" (in Portuguese). Olimpia.sp.gov.br. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
  10. ^ "Prefeitura da Estância Turística de Olímpia-SP". Prefeitura da Estância Turística de Olímpia-SP (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  11. ^ "Municipal Profile at SEADE" (in Portuguese). Fundação SEADE. Archived from the original on 2011-08-23. Retrieved 2011-07-08.
  12. ^ Newby, Johnny (2019-07-29). "Thermas dos Laranjais". The Travel Hacking Life. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  13. ^ "'Brazilian Orlando' Hopes to Set a Record of 750,000 Tourists this Summer". Folha de S.Paulo. 2022-01-05. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  14. ^ "The top 17 water parks in the world". Blooloop. 2021-04-15. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
  15. ^ "Festival do Folclore de Olímpia - SP". Festival do Folclore de Olímpia - SP (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-03-11.
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