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[[File:AEB Sonda family.svg|thumb|Side-by-side comparison of Sonda rockets, to scale]]
[[File:AEB Sonda family.svg|thumb|Side-by-side comparison of Sonda rockets, to scale]]
[[File:Parque Santos Dumont 2017 016.jpg|thumb|Sonda II, III and IV on display at Parque Santos Dumont]]
[[File:Parque Santos Dumont 2017 016.jpg|thumb|Sonda II, III and IV on display at Parque Santos Dumont]]
'''Sonda''' ("Probe" in English) is a family of [[Brazil]]ian-built [[sounding rocket]]s which serves as an [[Research and development|R&D]] path to the [[VLS-1|VLS]] ({{lang-pt|Veículo Lançador de Satélites}}) [[Orbital spaceflight|orbital]] rocket. Launches started in 1965 and continue to this day. Launch sites include [[Wallops Island]], [[Andoya Rocket Range|Andoya]], [[Esrange|Kiruna]], [[Barreira do Inferno Launch Center|Natal]], [[Alcântara Space Center|Alcântara]], [[Praia do Cassino|Cassino]] and [[Svalbard Rocket Range|SvalRak]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wade |date=August 24, 2015 |title=Sonda |url=http://www.astronautix.com/fam/sonda.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824115110/http://www.astronautix.com/fam/sonda.htm |archive-date=2015-08-24 |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Brazilian Sounding Rocket VSB-30: meeting the Brazilian Space Program and COPUOS objectives|url=http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/pres/stsc2014/tech-44E.pdf|access-date=November 8, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Corliss |first=William R. |title=NASA SOUNDING ROCKETS, 1958-1968 A Historical Summary (NASA SP-4401) |date=1971 |publisher=NASA |pages=61 - 74 |chapter=Sounding Rocket Resurgence, 1965-1968 |lccn=70-169175}}</ref>
'''Sonda''' ("Probe" in English) is a family of [[Brazil]]ian-built [[sounding rocket]]s which serves as an [[Research and development|R&D]] path to the [[VLS-1|VLS]] ({{lang-pt|Veículo Lançador de Satélites}}) [[Orbital spaceflight|orbital]] rocket. Launches started in 1965 and continue to this day. Launch sites include [[Wallops Island]], [[Andoya Rocket Range|Andoya]], [[Esrange|Kiruna]], [[Barreira do Inferno Launch Center|Natal]], [[Alcântara Space Center|Alcântara]], [[Praia do Cassino|Cassino]] and [[Svalbard Rocket Range|SvalRak]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wade |date=August 24, 2015 |title=Sonda |url=http://www.astronautix.com/fam/sonda.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824115110/http://www.astronautix.com/fam/sonda.htm |archive-date=2015-08-24 |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Brazilian Sounding Rocket VSB-30: meeting the Brazilian Space Program and COPUOS objectives|url=http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/pres/stsc2014/tech-44E.pdf|access-date=November 8, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Corliss |first=William R. |title=NASA SOUNDING ROCKETS, 1958-1968 A Historical Summary (NASA SP-4401) |date=1971 |publisher=NASA |pages=61–74 |chapter=Sounding Rocket Resurgence, 1965-1968 |lccn=70-169175}}</ref>


==Sonda I==
==Sonda I==
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==Sonda IV==
==Sonda IV==
'''Sonda IV''' is a two [[Multistage rocket|stage]] rocket (S30 & S-43 rocket stages) with a maximum flight altitude of 800&nbsp;km, a liftoff thrust of 203.00&nbsp;kN, a total mass of 7200&nbsp;kg, a diameter of 1.01&nbsp;m and a length of 11&nbsp;m. It was launched 7 times between 1984 and 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wade |date=2016-03-03 |title=Sonda 4 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200731/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/sonda4.htm |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica}}</ref><gallery mode="nolines">
'''Sonda IV''' is a two [[Multistage rocket|stage]] rocket (S30 & S-43 rocket stages) with a maximum flight altitude of 800&nbsp;km, a liftoff thrust of 203.00&nbsp;kN, a total mass of 7200&nbsp;kg, a diameter of 1.01&nbsp;m and a length of 11&nbsp;m. It was launched 7 times between 1984 and 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wade |date=2016-03-03 |title=Sonda 4 |url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/sonda4.htm |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Encyclopedia Astronautica|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200731/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/sonda4.htm |archive-date=2016-03-03 }}</ref><gallery mode="nolines">
File:Sonda IV dimensions (rotated).jpg|link=|Diagram with Sonda IV rocket dimensions
File:Sonda IV dimensions (rotated).jpg|link=|Diagram with Sonda IV rocket dimensions
File:At Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro 2019 009.jpg|link=|Sonda IV at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
File:At Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro 2019 009.jpg|link=|Sonda IV at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro

Revision as of 22:55, 16 April 2024

Sonda rockets family portrait
Side-by-side comparison of Sonda rockets, to scale
Sonda II, III and IV on display at Parque Santos Dumont

Sonda ("Probe" in English) is a family of Brazilian-built sounding rockets which serves as an R&D path to the VLS (Portuguese: Veículo Lançador de Satélites) orbital rocket. Launches started in 1965 and continue to this day. Launch sites include Wallops Island, Andoya, Kiruna, Natal, Alcântara, Cassino and SvalRak.[1][2][3]

Sonda I

The Sonda I is a two stage rocket (S10-1 & S-10-2 rocket stages) with a maximum flight altitude of 65 km, a liftoff thrust of 27 kN a total mass of 100 kg, a diameter of 11 cm and a length of 4.5 metres. It was launched 9 times between 1965 and 1966.[4]

  • Diagram with Sonda I rocket dimensions
    Diagram with Sonda I rocket dimensions
  • Sonda I on display
    Sonda I on display
  • Sonda 1 (right) at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
    Sonda 1 (right) at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro

Sonda II

The Sonda II is a single stage rocket (S-20 rocket stage) with a maximum flight altitude of 180 km, a liftoff thrust of 36 kN, a total mass of 400 kg, a core diameter of 0.30 m and a total length of 5.60 m. It was launched 7 times between 1990 and 1996.[5]

  • Diagram with Sonda II rocket dimensions
    Diagram with Sonda II rocket dimensions
  • Sonda II at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
    Sonda II at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
  • Sonda II at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
    Sonda II at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
  • Sonda II on display
    Sonda II on display
  • Sonda II on display
    Sonda II on display
  • Sonda II at Parque Santos Dumont
    Sonda II at Parque Santos Dumont

Sonda III

Sonda III is a two stage rocket available in three versions, the Sonda III (S30 & S-20 rocket stages), the Sonda III M1 (S30 & S-23 rocket stages) and the Sonda IIIA (S30 & S33 rocket stages).[6] The first two versions rockets have a maximum flight altitude of 600 km, a liftoff thrust of 102 kN, a diameter of 0.30 m and a length of 8 m. However Sonda III weighs 1500 kg while Sonda III M1 weighs 1400 kg at launch. It was launched 27 times between 1976 and 2002.[7]

  • Diagram with Sonda III rocket dimensions
    Diagram with Sonda III rocket dimensions
  • Sonda III rocket variations
    Sonda III rocket variations
  • Sonda III at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
    Sonda III at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
  • Sonda III at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
    Sonda III at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
  • Sonda III at Barreira do Inferno
    Sonda III at Barreira do Inferno
  • Sonda III on display
    Sonda III on display
  • Sonda III at Parque Santos Dumont
    Sonda III at Parque Santos Dumont

Sonda IV

Sonda IV is a two stage rocket (S30 & S-43 rocket stages) with a maximum flight altitude of 800 km, a liftoff thrust of 203.00 kN, a total mass of 7200 kg, a diameter of 1.01 m and a length of 11 m. It was launched 7 times between 1984 and 1990.[8]

  • Diagram with Sonda IV rocket dimensions
    Diagram with Sonda IV rocket dimensions
  • Sonda IV at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
    Sonda IV at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
  • Sonda IV at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
    Sonda IV at Memorial Aeroespacial Brasileiro
  • Sonda IV on display
    Sonda IV on display
  • Sonda IV on display
    Sonda IV on display
  • Sonda IV at Parque Santos Dumont
    Sonda IV at Parque Santos Dumont
  • Sonda IV on pad
    Sonda IV on pad

References

  1. ^ Wade (August 24, 2015). "Sonda". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2015-08-24.
  2. ^ "The Brazilian Sounding Rocket VSB-30: meeting the Brazilian Space Program and COPUOS objectives" (PDF). Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  3. ^ Corliss, William R. (1971). "Sounding Rocket Resurgence, 1965-1968". NASA SOUNDING ROCKETS, 1958-1968 A Historical Summary (NASA SP-4401). NASA. pp. 61–74. LCCN 70-169175.
  4. ^ Wade (August 24, 2015). "Sonda 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2015-08-24.
  5. ^ Wade (August 24, 2015). "Sonda 2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2015-08-24.
  6. ^ "SONDA III". Agência Espacial Brasileira (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-04-16.
  7. ^ Wade (August 24, 2015). "Sonda 3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2015-08-24.
  8. ^ Wade (2016-03-03). "Sonda 4". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
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