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<ref name=fbi>{{cite report |author= David M. Hardy |date=April 14, 2008 |title=MLOT MROZ, Josef -- Boston 62D-6199 and Boston 105-5378 |url=https://archive.org/details/MLOTMROZJosefBoston62D6199AndBoston1055378/mode/2up |publisher=[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] |access-date=February 11, 2024}}</ref><ref name=rightlandia>{{cite web |url=https://sethcotlar.substack.com/p/the-anatomy-of-american-fascism-part?utm_source=profile&utm_medium=reader2 |title=The Anatomy of American Fascism, part 1: Fascist Foot Soldiers and their Patrician Funders |date=December 19, 2023 |last=Cotlar |first=Seth |website=Rightlandia |access-date=February 11, 2024}}</ref><ref name=obituary>{{cite web |url=https://obituaries.rootsweb.com/obits/searchObits#?surname=&phonetic=&given=&birthyear=&bincrement=&pyear=&pincrement=&bplace=&dplace=&publication=&fullsearch=jozef%20mlot-mroz |title=MROZ, Jozef M |website=obituaries.rootsweb.com |access-date=February 11, 2024}}</ref><ref name=findagrave>{{cite web |url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/182211203/jozef-mlot-mroz |title=Jozef Mlot-Mroz (1921-2002) |website=findagrave.com |access-date=February 11, 2024}}</ref><ref name=salemnews>{{cite web |url=https://obituaries.salemnews.com/obituary/barbara-mroz-772281891 |title=Barbara Mroz Obituary |date=November 21, 2013 |website=obituaries.salemnews.com |publisher=[[The Salem News]] |access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref><ref name=flashbak>{{cite web |url=https://flashbak.com/flashback-to-april-23-photos-from-this-day-in-history-15762/ |title=Flashback to April 23 – Photos from this day in history |date=April 23, 2012 |website=flashbak.com |access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref><ref name=oelwein>{{cite news |url=https://oelwein.historyarchives.online/viewer?k=mroz&i=f&by=1968&bdd=1960&d=05221968-05231968&m=between&ord=k1&fn=page_19680103_102095106_19680522&df=1&dt=1 |last=Taylor |first=Henry J. |title=Spineless Leaders |work=Oelwein Daily Register |date=May 22, 1968 |access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref><ref name=upi>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/11/22/Outraged-Roman-Catholics-including-monks-and-nuns-clutching-rosary/2789501483600/ |title=Outraged Roman Catholics, including monks and nuns clutching rosary... |last=Rattray |first=Jim |date=November 22, 1985 |work=[[United Press International|UPI Archives]] |location=Cambridge, MA |access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref><ref name=brown>{{cite web |url=https://sites.brown.edu/thehallhoagcollection/2014/10/16/s-o-s/ |title=S.O.S.!!! - The Hall-Hoag Collection of Dissenting and Extremist Printed Propaganda, Part I and II |date=October 16, 2014 |author=Amajcher |website=sites.brown.edu/thehallhoagcollection |publisher=[[Brown University]] |access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref><ref name=Lewiston>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BtfE7wd9KvMC&dat=19630107&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |date=January 7, 1963 |author=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[Lewiston Morning Tribune]] |location=Boston, MA |title=Pickets Outside Controversial Rally Scuffle With Man Trying To Burn Red Flag |access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref>
<ref name=fbi>{{cite report |author= David M. Hardy |date=April 14, 2008 |title=MLOT MROZ, Josef -- Boston 62D-6199 and Boston 105-5378 |url=https://archive.org/details/MLOTMROZJosefBoston62D6199AndBoston1055378/mode/2up |publisher=[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] |access-date=February 11, 2024}}</ref><ref name=rightlandia>{{cite web |url=https://sethcotlar.substack.com/p/the-anatomy-of-american-fascism-part?utm_source=profile&utm_medium=reader2 |title=The Anatomy of American Fascism, part 1: Fascist Foot Soldiers and their Patrician Funders |date=December 19, 2023 |last=Cotlar |first=Seth |website=Rightlandia |access-date=February 11, 2024}}</ref><ref name=obituary>{{cite web |url=https://obituaries.rootsweb.com/obits/searchObits#?surname=&phonetic=&given=&birthyear=&bincrement=&pyear=&pincrement=&bplace=&dplace=&publication=&fullsearch=jozef%20mlot-mroz |title=MROZ, Jozef M |website=obituaries.rootsweb.com |access-date=February 11, 2024}}</ref><ref name=findagrave>{{cite web |url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/182211203/jozef-mlot-mroz |title=Jozef Mlot-Mroz (1921-2002) |website=findagrave.com |access-date=February 11, 2024}}</ref><ref name=salemnews>{{cite web |url=https://obituaries.salemnews.com/obituary/barbara-mroz-772281891 |title=Barbara Mroz Obituary |date=November 21, 2013 |website=obituaries.salemnews.com |publisher=[[The Salem News]] |access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref><ref name=flashbak>{{cite web |url=https://flashbak.com/flashback-to-april-23-photos-from-this-day-in-history-15762/ |title=Flashback to April 23 – Photos from this day in history |date=April 23, 2012 |website=flashbak.com |access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref><ref name=oelwein>{{cite news |url=https://oelwein.historyarchives.online/viewer?k=mroz&i=f&by=1968&bdd=1960&d=05221968-05231968&m=between&ord=k1&fn=page_19680103_102095106_19680522&df=1&dt=1 |last=Taylor |first=Henry J. |title=Spineless Leaders |work=Oelwein Daily Register |date=May 22, 1968 |access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref><ref name=upi>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/11/22/Outraged-Roman-Catholics-including-monks-and-nuns-clutching-rosary/2789501483600/ |title=Outraged Roman Catholics, including monks and nuns clutching rosary... |last=Rattray |first=Jim |date=November 22, 1985 |work=[[United Press International|UPI Archives]] |location=Cambridge, MA |access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref><ref name=brown>{{cite web |url=https://sites.brown.edu/thehallhoagcollection/2014/10/16/s-o-s/ |title=S.O.S.!!! - The Hall-Hoag Collection of Dissenting and Extremist Printed Propaganda, Part I and II |date=October 16, 2014 |author=Amajcher |website=sites.brown.edu/thehallhoagcollection |publisher=[[Brown University]] |access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref><ref name=Lewiston>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=BtfE7wd9KvMC&dat=19630107&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |date=January 7, 1963 |author=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[Lewiston Morning Tribune]] |location=Boston, MA |title=Pickets Outside Controversial Rally Scuffle With Man Trying To Burn Red Flag |access-date=February 17, 2024}}</ref><ref name=crimson>{{cite news |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1989/4/18/promise-of-a-positive-left-pbabs/ |title=Promise of a Positive Left |last=Bonin |first=Michael J. |date=April 18, 1989 |work=[[The Harvard Crimson]] |access-date=May 31, 2024}}</ref>


== Notes ==
== Notes ==

Revision as of 16:24, 31 May 2024

Jozef Mlot-Mroz
Born(1921-01-21)January 21, 1921
Męcinka, Poland
DiedOctober 31, 2002(2002-10-31) (aged 81)
Groton, Connecticut, United States
Burial placeSaint Mary's Cemetery, Salem, Massachusetts
NationalityPolish
Spouse
Barbara C Thompson
​
(m. 1970)​

Jozef[a] Mlot-Mroz (born Jozef Wladyslaw Mroz) (p65) was a Polish-American anti-communist, Polish nationalist and antisemitic conspiracy theorist.

Biography

Jozef Mlot-Mroz was born on January 21, 1921 to Kaspar and Helena Mroz (née Janocha) (p66) in the village of Męcinka in southwest Poland. He attended public grammar school in Jedliczu, and high school and college in Krosno.

In 1940 he was imprisoned by the German Gestapo for 3 months, and upon being released joined the Polish Underground. In 1945 he was imprisoned for 21 months by Soviet authorities for continued participation in the Underground, and after his release he became secretary of an air club in Krosno, and later claimed to have been promoted to second lieutenant of the Polish underground army. After an inspection by the NKVD found papers relating to the Polish Underground he was arrested, but shortly before his trial he was assisted by other Underground members in fleeing to East Germany, travelling first to Berlin and then to Frankfurt in West Germany where he worked at the Bureau of Polish Affairs. During this time he also worked for the Vice President of the Polish Peasant Party and headed the party organization. At various points in his life he also worked as a freelance (p65) writer for various Polish newspapers in France, Sweden and the United States (p63).


In August 1952 he applied for a US immigration visa under the Displaced Persons Act at the American Consulate in Frankfurt. His immigration application listed his occupation as locksmith, his nationality was recorded as "Stateless-Polish" (p66), and his last place of residence as 54 Myliusstrasse, Frankfurt (p66). He arrived in New York City on November 26, 1952 and lived with relatives until his marriage in 1970.

Political activity

Mroz was active in several Polish immigrant organizations in the United States. He was a member of the Polish Peasant Party in the United States, and was a staunch supporter of Stanisław Mikołajczyk (p65). In March 1955 Mroz traveled to Paris as a delegate to the convention of the Polish Peasant Party Congress, and also visited England and Spain.

He lived in Salem, MA and worked as a leather worker (p71). He lived with his aunt and uncle at 18 Boardman Street (p141) and began a hunger strike on August 9, 1959 (p.67) against Khrushchev's impending visit to the US and upcoming meeting with Eisenhower, saying "I will not eat, I will not drink, I shall give my life on the altar of patriotism" (p68). He planned to spend the duration of his hunger strike in his car, which he parked on the ellipse behind the White House. His car was adorned with American and Polish flags, and a four-sided sign which read "We Demand Freedom for Poland and Captive Nations;" "Don't Shake KHRUSHCHEV's Bloody Hand;" "Wake Up Americans, Don’t Let KHRUSHCHEV Crush You;" and "Stop Communism Now." He stated that he intended his strike to last for 7-11 days (p68). It lasted 10 days during which he lost 27lbs (p141).

On the evening of May 15, 1960 a 39-year-old Mroz was arrested at the top of the Washington Monument. He had hidden on the stairs inside the monument until after it closed to visitors, then broke the lock on the north window and unfurled a 110 foot streamer of black cloth. He claimed that this was a protest against "President Eisenhower shaking the bloody hand of Khrushchev." (p72) He was initially charged with destruction of government property and creating a nuisance, but after a government recommendation the charges were dropped on the grounds that he was an alien and may get into trouble with immigration authorities (p72). He told police he was president of an organisation called the "Anti-Communist Confederation of Polish Freedom Fighters of the USA." (p71) He frequently picketed outside the Soviet embassy and on one occasion was charged with assaulting a police officer who asked him to discard the metal bar he was using to hold his sign. He was also severely beaten in 1960 while protsting the visit of Soviet officials to the UN.

In 1962 he was fined $10 for ringing a bell outside the Sheraton Hotel while President Kennedy was staying there. In 1963 he was arrested for burning a Soviet flag on Columbus Avenue. In 1964 he was picketing Pier 4 in East Boston where American wheat was being loaded, destined for the Soviet Union. In 1965 he was fined $25 for assaulting civil rights leader Rev. Vernon Carter who was picketing in front of School Committee headquarters. In 1967 he was arrested for disturbing the peace after disrupting a Franklin Park rally led by Stokely Carmichael (p141).

In May 1968 Mroz was stabbed was while demonstrating against the Poor People's March. He had been walking through an area where marchers were assembling with a sign that read "I Am Fighting Poverty. I Work. Have You Tried it? It Works." After a scuffle in which he was knocked to the ground, marchers advised him to leave for his own safety and attempted to escort him to a taxi, which he refused and walked away before driving back a few minutes later. A rock was thrown at his car window, and he jumped from the car and headed in the direction it was thrown from, upon which he was stabbed and said "I'm stabbed. I'm stabbed, this is the first time they've ever done that to me." (p140) By this time he was describing himself as a "retired" leather worker (p141).

In 1970 he married Barbara C. Thompson, and his public appearances diminished. By this point he was a self-employed house painter. He had a small moustache and spoke with a heavy Polish accent. He would arrive at demonstrations after picketing had started in a red, white and blue uniform, parking his car some distance away to avoid vandalism. He opposed racial integration, believing it to be a communist plot. (p150)

Funding

Despite being a manual laborer who lived with his relatives until he married later in life, Mroz was able to travel extensively, attend countless protests and print and distribute a vast number of his own publications. After the death of Richard J. Cotter - a millionaire Exeter and Harvard Law graduate - it became apparent that Mroz's activities were funded in part by Cotter's donations to far-right groups including Mroz's "Polish Freedom Fighters".[1]

Antisemitism

In July 1971 he travelled to the Federal Building on Post Office Square where he attempted to attack Daniel Ellsberg, who was fighting extradition to California to stand trial for leaking Pentagon documents to the press. He shouted antisemitic epithets at Ellsberg, calling him a "Red Jew" and a "traitor" and attempted to hit him with a 7 ft sheet metal cross, but missed and hit television cameramen instead. He was the head of the Anti-Communist Confederation of Polish Freedom Fighters in the USA (ACCPFF), which had almost 2,000 members by mid-1971, although very few of them would ever join Mroz at his demonstrations. He made frequent use of antisemitic canards and often equated Zionism with Communism, overlooking Soviet backing of Arab countries in the Middle East.

Despite attempts to explain his behaviour as a consequence of having been tortured by Communist authorities, there is no evidence that this was the case and he left Poland before he could have participated in any significant anti-Communist uprisings (p152). Almost all members of the ACCPFF came from Poland's peasant class, and Mroz was open about the fact that antisemitism was a staple of his life in Poland. In a taped interview he said "In Poland, peasants and laborers, they was [sic] always working for the rich Jews" and "all the business of everything were in Jews hands, but the point isn't that you know, the point is that when in 1917 the Communists took over Russia, the Jew in Poland gets power." (p152)

Personality

FBI reports on Mroz described him as a 5'8-9" white male of medium complexion, weighing 160-170lbs with brown eyes and dark brown hair. (p66) FBI reports indicated that Mroz was "erratic" and "obnoxious in his activities", and was "thoroughly disliked by many Poles in the Salem, Mass. area" (p65). He greatly enjoyed his public protests and stated that he missed picketing, having greatly reduced his appearances at protests after his marriage in 1970. (p149) He saw Senator Joseph McCarthy as his personal hero and met him on two occasions (p150). He was never naturalised as an American citizen, commenting in 1971: "I was born a Pole, and I want to die a citizen of my beloved Poland. It is my opinion that I can do more for this country by being a citizen of Poland and by fighting the Communists here than becoming a citizen."(p153)


[2][1][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]

Notes

  1. ^ Sometimes "Josef" or "Joseph"

References

  1. ^ a b Cotlar, Seth (December 19, 2023). "The Anatomy of American Fascism, part 1: Fascist Foot Soldiers and their Patrician Funders". Rightlandia. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
  2. ^ David M. Hardy (April 14, 2008). MLOT MROZ, Josef -- Boston 62D-6199 and Boston 105-5378 (Report). Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
  3. ^ "MROZ, Jozef M". obituaries.rootsweb.com. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
  4. ^ "Jozef Mlot-Mroz (1921-2002)". findagrave.com. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
  5. ^ "Barbara Mroz Obituary". obituaries.salemnews.com. The Salem News. November 21, 2013. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  6. ^ "Flashback to April 23 – Photos from this day in history". flashbak.com. April 23, 2012. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  7. ^ Taylor, Henry J. (May 22, 1968). "Spineless Leaders". Oelwein Daily Register. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  8. ^ Rattray, Jim (November 22, 1985). "Outraged Roman Catholics, including monks and nuns clutching rosary..." UPI Archives. Cambridge, MA. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  9. ^ Amajcher (October 16, 2014). "S.O.S.!!! - The Hall-Hoag Collection of Dissenting and Extremist Printed Propaganda, Part I and II". sites.brown.edu/thehallhoagcollection. Brown University. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  10. ^ Associated Press (January 7, 1963). "Pickets Outside Controversial Rally Scuffle With Man Trying To Burn Red Flag". Lewiston Morning Tribune. Boston, MA. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  11. ^ Bonin, Michael J. (April 18, 1989). "Promise of a Positive Left". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved May 31, 2024.

Further reading

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