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== History ==
== History ==
The first rendition of the Ministry of General Machine-Building was created by a decree of the [[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union]] on 2 April 1955,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rusconstitution.ru/library/constitution/articles/9660/ |title=2 апреля 1955 года «Об образовании общесоюзного Министерства общего машиностроения СССР» |access-date=2016-05-03 |archive-date=2016-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610100216/http://www.rusconstitution.ru/library/constitution/articles/9660/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.aif.ru/society/science/1313783 Вертикальная структура: как реорганизуется космическая отрасль России] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aif.ru/society/science/1313783 |date=20160530161535 }} // [[Аргументы и факты|АиФ]]</ref> with the active participation of the [[Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union]].<ref>[http://ria.ru/science/20130415/932759455.html Жорес Алферов: заметки о роли РАН в современной России] {{Wayback|url=http://ria.ru/science/20130415/932759455.html |date=20160602213555 }} // РИА</ref><ref>[http://file-rf.ru/analitics/903 Академик Жорес Алфёров: «Нашей науке нужна философия развития» ] {{Wayback|url=http://file-rf.ru/analitics/903 |date=20190716214306 }} // file-rf.ru</ref> Major General of the Engineering and Artillery Service {{Ill|Pyotr Nikolaevich Goremykin|ru|Горемыкин, Пётр Николаевич}}, who had held the post of Minister of Agricultural Engineering from June 1946 to March 1951, was appointed Minister of General Machine-Building.<ref>[https://books.google.ru/books?id=PSnGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT353&lpg=PT353&dq=%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F++%D0%BF%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD&source=bl&ots=Wa17Jw3-DP&sig=o0b_q5Ooz3Ur-CAkLC8DB7CzSgo&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjCpOS8873MAhVGGZoKHfBsB0EQ6AEIPDAH#v=onepage&q=%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%20%D0%BF%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD&f=false Фронтовой дневник авторы Евгений Петров]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sm.evg-rumjantsev.ru/voen-ruk/goremykin.html |title=Первый министр «космического министерства». |access-date=2016-05-15 |archive-date=2016-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617124110/http://sm.evg-rumjantsev.ru/voen-ruk/goremykin.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bmstu.ru/scholars/goremykin_p_n |title=Горемыкин Пётр Николаевич МГТУ имени Баумана |access-date=2016-05-03 |archive-date=2017-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510131651/http://www.bmstu.ru/scholars/goremykin_p_n |url-status=live }}</ref> It was dissolved on 10 May 1957.
The first rendition of the Ministry of General Machine-Building was created by a decree of the [[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union]] on 2 April 1955,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rusconstitution.ru/library/constitution/articles/9660/ |title=2 апреля 1955 года «Об образовании общесоюзного Министерства общего машиностроения СССР» |access-date=2016-05-03 |archive-date=2016-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610100216/http://www.rusconstitution.ru/library/constitution/articles/9660/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.aif.ru/society/science/1313783 Вертикальная структура: как реорганизуется космическая отрасль России] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/20160530161535/http://www.aif.ru/society/science/1313783 |date=30 May 2016 }} // [[Аргументы и факты|АиФ]]</ref> with the active participation of the [[Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union]].<ref>[http://ria.ru/science/20130415/932759455.html Жорес Алферов: заметки о роли РАН в современной России] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/20160602213555/http://ria.ru/science/20130415/932759455.html |date=2 June 2016 }} // РИА</ref><ref>[http://file-rf.ru/analitics/903 Академик Жорес Алфёров: «Нашей науке нужна философия развития» ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/20190716214306/http://file-rf.ru/analitics/903 |date=16 July 2019}} // file-rf.ru</ref> Major General of the Engineering and Artillery Service {{Ill|Pyotr Nikolaevich Goremykin|ru|Горемыкин, Пётр Николаевич}}, who had held the post of Minister of Agricultural Engineering from June 1946 to March 1951, was appointed Minister of General Machine-Building.<ref>[https://books.google.ru/books?id=PSnGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT353&lpg=PT353&dq=%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F++%D0%BF%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD&source=bl&ots=Wa17Jw3-DP&sig=o0b_q5Ooz3Ur-CAkLC8DB7CzSgo&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjCpOS8873MAhVGGZoKHfBsB0EQ6AEIPDAH#v=onepage&q=%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%20%D0%BF%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD&f=false Фронтовой дневник авторы Евгений Петров]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sm.evg-rumjantsev.ru/voen-ruk/goremykin.html |title=Первый министр «космического министерства». |access-date=2016-05-15 |archive-date=2016-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617124110/http://sm.evg-rumjantsev.ru/voen-ruk/goremykin.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bmstu.ru/scholars/goremykin_p_n |title=Горемыкин Пётр Николаевич МГТУ имени Баумана |access-date=2016-05-03 |archive-date=2017-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510131651/http://www.bmstu.ru/scholars/goremykin_p_n |url-status=live }}</ref> It was dissolved on 10 May 1957.


The Ministry of General Machine-Building was reestablished by the provisions of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]] Central Committee and USSR [[Council of Ministers (Soviet Union)|Council of Ministers]] no. 126–47 on 2 March 1965, as a successor to the State Committee on Defense Technology.<ref name=":1.1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/mom-back.htm |title= General Machinebuilding - Background |access-date=31 May 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003032012/https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/mom-back.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> It was put in charge of space technology as well as strategic ballistic missiles, except solid-fueled missiles; these instead were developed by the [[Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology]], which from 1966 was from under the jurisdiction of the [[Ministry of Defense Industry]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=Московский институт теплотехники (МИТ)|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1673440|accessdate=18 December 2017|work=Газета "Коммерсантъ"|date=7 June 2011|pages=4}}</ref>
The Ministry of General Machine-Building was reestablished by the provisions of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|CPSU]] Central Committee and USSR [[Council of Ministers (Soviet Union)|Council of Ministers]] no. 126–47 on 2 March 1965, as a successor to the State Committee on Defense Technology.<ref name=":1.1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/mom-back.htm |title= General Machinebuilding - Background |access-date=31 May 2024 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003032012/https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/mom-back.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> It was put in charge of space technology as well as strategic ballistic missiles, except solid-fueled missiles; these instead were developed by the [[Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology]], which from 1966 was from under the jurisdiction of the [[Ministry of Defense Industry]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|title=Московский институт теплотехники (МИТ)|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1673440|accessdate=18 December 2017|work=Газета "Коммерсантъ"|date=7 June 2011|pages=4}}</ref>


The ministry served as one of the primary organizations managing the Soviet space program. However, contrary to its [[NASA|American]], [[European Space Agency|European]], and [[Ministry of Aerospace Industry|Chinese]] competitors, which had their programs run under a single coordinating agency, the executive architecture of the Soviet space program was multi-centered; several internally competing [[OKB|design bureaus]], technical councils, ministry staffs, and expert commissions all held more influence over the program than political leadership. The creation of a central agency after the reorganization of the Soviet Union into the [[Russia|Russian Federation]] was therefore a new development. The Ministry of General Machine-Building was dissolved in November 1991.<ref name=":1" /> The [[Roscosmos|Russian Space Agency]]<ref group="note">{{lang-ru|Российское космическое агентство}}, ''Rossiyskoye kosmicheskoye agentstvo'', or RKA ({{lang-ru|РКА}}).</ref> was formed as its successor on 25&nbsp;February 1992, by a decree of President [[Boris Yeltsin|Yeltsin]]. [[Yuri Koptev]], who had previously worked with designing Mars landers at [[NPO Lavochkin]], became the agency's first director.<ref name="harvey">{{Cite book|last=Harvey|first=Brian|title=The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program|publisher=Springer|location=Germany|date=2007|edition=1st|chapter=The design bureaus|isbn=978-0-387-71354-0}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.roscosmos.ru/9156/ |title=25 февраля 1992 года образовано Российское космическое агентство, в настоящее время – Федеральное космическое агентство (Роскосмос). |access-date=10 August 2020 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020055958/https://www.roscosmos.ru/9156/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The ministry served as one of the primary organizations managing the Soviet space program. However, contrary to its [[NASA|American]], [[European Space Agency|European]], and [[Ministry of Aerospace Industry|Chinese]] competitors, which had their programs run under a single coordinating agency, the executive architecture of the Soviet space program was multi-centered; several internally competing [[OKB|design bureaus]], technical councils, ministry staffs, and expert commissions all held more influence over the program than political leadership. The creation of a central agency after the reorganization of the Soviet Union into the [[Russia|Russian Federation]] was therefore a new development. The Ministry of General Machine-Building was dissolved on 14 November 1991.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="zavtra">[http://zavtra.ru/content/view/polveka-bez-korolyova/ Полвека без Королёва] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/20160628043911/http://zavtra.ru/content/view/polveka-bez-korolyova/ |date=28 June 2016 }} // zavtra.ru</ref> The Russian Space Agency<ref group="note">{{lang-ru|Российское космическое агентство}}, ''Rossiyskoye kosmicheskoye agentstvo'', or RKA ({{lang-ru|РКА}}).</ref> was formed as its successor on 25&nbsp;February 1992, by a decree of President [[Boris Yeltsin|Yeltsin]]. [[Yuri Koptev]], who had previously worked with designing Mars landers at [[NPO Lavochkin]], became the first director of the agency, which would eventually become [[Roscosmos]].<ref name="harvey">{{Cite book|last=Harvey|first=Brian|title=The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program|publisher=Springer|location=Germany|date=2007|edition=1st|chapter=The design bureaus|isbn=978-0-387-71354-0}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.roscosmos.ru/9156/ |title=25 февраля 1992 года образовано Российское космическое агентство, в настоящее время – Федеральное космическое агентство (Роскосмос). |access-date=10 August 2020 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020055958/https://www.roscosmos.ru/9156/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


== List of ministers ==
== List of ministers ==

Revision as of 19:18, 1 June 2024

The Ministry of General Machine-Building (MOM; Russian: Министерство общего машиностроения СССР, also known as Minobshchemash) was a government ministry of the Soviet Union which supervised the research, development, and production of strategic ballistic missiles as well as space launch vehicles and satellites in the Soviet space program.[1]

History

The first rendition of the Ministry of General Machine-Building was created by a decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union on 2 April 1955,[2][3] with the active participation of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.[4][5] Major General of the Engineering and Artillery Service Pyotr Nikolaevich Goremykin [ru], who had held the post of Minister of Agricultural Engineering from June 1946 to March 1951, was appointed Minister of General Machine-Building.[6][7][8] It was dissolved on 10 May 1957.

The Ministry of General Machine-Building was reestablished by the provisions of the CPSU Central Committee and USSR Council of Ministers no. 126–47 on 2 March 1965, as a successor to the State Committee on Defense Technology.[9] It was put in charge of space technology as well as strategic ballistic missiles, except solid-fueled missiles; these instead were developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology, which from 1966 was from under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense Industry.[1][10]

The ministry served as one of the primary organizations managing the Soviet space program. However, contrary to its American, European, and Chinese competitors, which had their programs run under a single coordinating agency, the executive architecture of the Soviet space program was multi-centered; several internally competing design bureaus, technical councils, ministry staffs, and expert commissions all held more influence over the program than political leadership. The creation of a central agency after the reorganization of the Soviet Union into the Russian Federation was therefore a new development. The Ministry of General Machine-Building was dissolved on 14 November 1991.[1][11] The Russian Space Agency[note 1] was formed as its successor on 25 February 1992, by a decree of President Yeltsin. Yuri Koptev, who had previously worked with designing Mars landers at NPO Lavochkin, became the first director of the agency, which would eventually become Roscosmos.[12][13]

List of ministers

The Ministry of General Machine-Building had five ministers during its existence, one being from its first rendition and the other four being from its second rendition:[8][14][15]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Template:Lang-ru, Rossiyskoye kosmicheskoye agentstvo, or RKA (Template:Lang-ru).

References

  1. ^ a b c "Ministry of General Machine-building of USSR (MOM)". Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  2. ^ "2 апреля 1955 года «Об образовании общесоюзного Министерства общего машиностроения СССР»". Archived from the original on 2016-06-10. Retrieved 2016-05-03.
  3. ^ Вертикальная структура: как реорганизуется космическая отрасль России Archived 30 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine // АиФ
  4. ^ Жорес Алферов: заметки о роли РАН в современной России Archived 2 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine // РИА
  5. ^ Академик Жорес Алфёров: «Нашей науке нужна философия развития» Archived 16 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine // file-rf.ru
  6. ^ Фронтовой дневник авторы Евгений Петров
  7. ^ "Первый министр «космического министерства»". Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-05-15.
  8. ^ a b "Горемыкин Пётр Николаевич МГТУ имени Баумана". Archived from the original on 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2016-05-03.
  9. ^ "General Machinebuilding - Background". Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  10. ^ "Московский институт теплотехники (МИТ)". Газета "Коммерсантъ". 7 June 2011. p. 4. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  11. ^ Полвека без Королёва Archived 28 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine // zavtra.ru
  12. ^ Harvey, Brian (2007). "The design bureaus". The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program (1st ed.). Germany: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-71354-0.
  13. ^ "25 февраля 1992 года образовано Российское космическое агентство, в настоящее время – Федеральное космическое агентство (Роскосмос)". Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  14. ^ "Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1917-1964". Archived from the original on 28 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  15. ^ "Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1964-1991". Archived from the original on 28 November 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
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