Fulmarine petrel: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Group of birds}} |
{{Short description|Group of birds}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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| name = Fulmarine petrels |
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| ⚫ | The '''fulmarine petrels''' or '''fulmar-petrels''' are a distinct group of [[petrel]]s within the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Procellariidae]]. They are the most variable of the four groups within the Procellariidae, differing greatly in size and biology. They do, however, have a unifying feature, their skull, and in particular their nasal tubes. They are predominantly found in the [[Southern Ocean]] with one species, the [[northern fulmar]], ranging in the [[Pacific Ocean|North Pacific]] and [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] Oceans.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Weathers |first1=W. W. |last2=Gerhart |first2=K. L. |last3=Hodum |first3=P. J. |date=1 December 2000 |title=Thermoregulation in Antarctic fulmarine petrels |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s003600000134 |journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology B |language=en |volume=170 |issue=8 |pages=561–572 |doi=10.1007/s003600000134 |pmid=11192262 |s2cid=22776920 |issn=1432-136X}}</ref> |
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| image = Fulmarus glacialis 1 7.jpg |
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| regnum = [[Animalia]] |
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| phylum = [[Chordata]] |
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| classis = [[Aves]] |
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| ordo = [[Procellariiformes]] |
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| tribus = |
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| diversity = Five extant genera and seven species |
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| diversity_link = List of fulmarine petrels |
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| subdivision_ranks = Genera |
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| subdivision = |
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| ⚫ | The '''fulmarine petrels''' or '''fulmar-petrels''' are a distinct group of [[petrel]]s within the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Procellariidae]]. They are the most variable of the four groups within the Procellariidae, differing greatly in size and biology. They do, however, have a unifying feature, their skull, and in particular their nasal tubes. They are predominantly found in the [[Southern Ocean]] with one species, the [[northern fulmar]], ranging in the [[Pacific Ocean|North Pacific]] and [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] Oceans.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Weathers |first1=W. W. |last2=Gerhart |first2=K. L. |last3=Hodum |first3=P. J. |date=2000 |
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Fossils of fulmarine petrels dating back to the [[Upper Miocene]] have been found in [[Menorca]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Segui |first1=Bartomeu |last2=Quintana |first2=Josep |last3=Fornos |first3=Joan J. |last4=Alcover |first4=Josep Antoni |date=September 2001 |title=A New Fulmarine Petrel (Aves: Procellariiformes) from the Upper Miocene of the Western Mediterranean |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=933–948 |doi=10.1111/1475-4983.00209 |bibcode=2001Palgy..44..933S |s2cid=129148277 |issn=0031-0239|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
Fossils of fulmarine petrels dating back to the [[Upper Miocene]] have been found in [[Menorca]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Segui |first1=Bartomeu |last2=Quintana |first2=Josep |last3=Fornos |first3=Joan J. |last4=Alcover |first4=Josep Antoni |date=September 2001 |title=A New Fulmarine Petrel (Aves: Procellariiformes) from the Upper Miocene of the Western Mediterranean |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=933–948 |doi=10.1111/1475-4983.00209 |bibcode=2001Palgy..44..933S |s2cid=129148277 |issn=0031-0239|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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==Taxonomy== |
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A multigene genetic study published in 2021 provided a genus-level phylogeny of extant genera in the family and showed that the fulmarine patrels make an apparent clade.<ref name=estandia>{{Cite journal | last1=Estandía | first1=A. | last2=Chesser | first2=R.T. | last3=James | first3=H.F. | last4=Levy | first4=M.A. | last5=Ferrer Obiol | first5=J. | last6=Bretagnolle | first6=V. | last7=González-Solís | first7=J. | last8=Welch | first8=A.J. | accessdate=11 December 2021 | date=27 July 2021 | title=Substitution rate variation in a robust Procellariiform seabird phylogeny is not solely explained by body mass, flight efficiency, population size or life history traits | journal=bioRxiv |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.27.453752v1 | pages=2021.07.27.453752| doi=10.1101/2021.07.27.453752 | s2cid=236502443 }}</ref> |
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{{Clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|grouplabel1=fulmarine petrels |
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|bar1=blue |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Snow petrel|Pagodroma]]'' – snow petrel |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Thalassoica]]'' – Antarctic petrel |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Daption]]'' – Cape petrel |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Macronectes]]'' – giant petrels (2 species) |
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|2=''[[Fulmarus]]'' – fulmars (2 species) |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Pelecanoides]]'' – diving petrels (4 species) |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Halobaena]]'' – blue petrel |
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|2=''[[Pachyptila]]'' – prions (7 species) |
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}} |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Aphrodroma]]'' – Kerguelen petrel |
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|2=''[[Pterodroma]]'' – gadfly petrels (35 species) |
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}} |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Bulweria]]'' – petrels (2 extant species) |
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|2=''[[Pseudobulweria]]'' – petrels (4 species) |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Procellaria]]'' – petrels (5 species) |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Puffinus]]'' – shearwaters (21 species) |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Calonectris]]'' – shearwaters (4 species) |
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|2=''[[Ardenna]]'' – shearwaters (7 species) |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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==Species by genus== |
==Species by genus== |
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===''Macronectes''=== |
===''Macronectes''=== |
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* ''Macronectes halli'', [[northern giant petrel]], located in the southern oceans, north of the [[Antarctic convergence]] |
* ''Macronectes halli'', [[northern giant petrel]], located in the southern oceans, north of the [[Antarctic convergence]] |
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* ''Macronectes giganteus'', [[southern giant petrel]], located in the southern oceans, and southern [[polar region]] south to the [[pack ice]] |
* ''Macronectes giganteus'', [[southern giant petrel]], located in the southern oceans, and southern [[polar region]] south to the [[pack ice]] |
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===''Fulmarus''=== |
===''Fulmarus''=== |
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* ''Fulmarus glacialis'', [[northern fulmar]], breeds in the [[North Atlantic]], along the coast of eastern [[Siberia]], and the [[Alaskan Peninsula]]. Ranges through the North Atlantic Ocean and the [[North Pacific Ocean]], |
* ''Fulmarus glacialis'', [[northern fulmar]], breeds in the [[North Atlantic]], along the coast of eastern [[Siberia]], and the [[Alaskan Peninsula]]. Ranges through the North Atlantic Ocean and the [[North Pacific Ocean]], |
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** ''Fulmarus glacialis glacialis'' breeds in the high Arctic region of the [[North Atlantic]] |
** ''[[Fulmarus glacialis glacialis]]'' breeds in the high Arctic region of the [[North Atlantic]] |
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** ''Fulmarus glacialis auduboni'' breeds in the low Arctic and [[boreal ecosystem|boreal]] Arctic of the North Atlantic |
** ''[[Fulmarus glacialis auduboni]]'' breeds in the low Arctic and [[boreal ecosystem|boreal]] Arctic of the North Atlantic |
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** ''Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii'' breeds along the coast of eastern [[Siberia]] and the Alaskan Peninsula |
** ''[[Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii]]'' breeds along the coast of eastern [[Siberia]] and the Alaskan Peninsula |
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* ''Fulmarus glacialoides'', [[southern fulmar]], located in the southern [[polar region]]; [[South Atlantic Ocean]] and the [[South Pacific Ocean]] |
* ''Fulmarus glacialoides'', [[southern fulmar]], located in the southern [[polar region]]; [[South Atlantic Ocean]] and the [[South Pacific Ocean]] |
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===''Thalassoica''=== |
===''Thalassoica''=== |
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* ''Thalassoica antarctica'', [[Antarctic petrel]], breeds along the [[Antarctic]] coast and on the Antarctic islands. Ranges through the southern polar region |
* ''Thalassoica antarctica'', [[Antarctic petrel]], breeds along the [[Antarctic]] coast and on the Antarctic islands. Ranges through the southern polar region |
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===''Daption''=== |
===''Daption''=== |
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* ''Daption capense'', [[Cape petrel]], breeds on the circumpolar and New Zealand subantarctic islands, ranges throughout the southern polar region, and coastal waters off the west coast of South America |
* ''Daption capense'', [[Cape petrel]], breeds on the circumpolar and New Zealand subantarctic islands, ranges throughout the southern polar region, and coastal waters off the west coast of South America |
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** ''Daption capense capense'' breeds on the circumpolar [[subantarctic]] islands, ranges throughout the southern oceans |
** ''[[Daption capense capense]]'' breeds on the circumpolar [[subantarctic]] islands, ranges throughout the southern oceans |
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** ''Daption capense australe'' breeds on the New Zealand subantarctic islands, ranges throughout the southern oceans |
** ''[[Daption capense australe]]'' breeds on the New Zealand subantarctic islands, ranges throughout the southern oceans |
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===''Pagodroma''=== |
===''Pagodroma''=== |
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* ''Pagodroma nivea'', [[snow petrel]], located in the southern polar region |
* ''Pagodroma nivea'', [[snow petrel]], located in the southern polar region |
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** ''Pagodroma nivea nivea'', breeds on the [[South Georgia Islands]] and adjacent islands, [[Scotia Arc]], and the Antarctic Peninsula |
** ''[[Pagodroma nivea nivea]]'', breeds on the [[South Georgia Islands]] and adjacent islands, [[Scotia Arc]], and the Antarctic Peninsula |
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** ''Pagodroma nivea confusa'', breeds on the [[South Sandwich Islands]] and the [[Géologie Archipelago]] |
** ''[[Pagodroma nivea confusa]]'', breeds on the [[South Sandwich Islands]] and the [[Géologie Archipelago]] |
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''[[Pterodromoides]]'' is a [[monotypic]] genus of [[extinct]] fulmarine petrels containing only ''[[Pterodromoides minoricensis]]'' |
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== References == |
== References == |
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[[Category:Seabirds]] |
[[Category:Seabirds]] |
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[[Category:Bird common names]] |
[[Category:Bird common names]] |
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[[Category:Tetrapod unranked clades]] |
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{{Procellariiformes-stub}} |
{{Procellariiformes-stub}} |
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Revision as of 19:57, 2 August 2024
The fulmarine petrels or fulmar-petrels are a distinct group of petrels within the family Procellariidae. They are the most variable of the four groups within the Procellariidae, differing greatly in size and biology. They do, however, have a unifying feature, their skull, and in particular their nasal tubes. They are predominantly found in the Southern Ocean with one species, the northern fulmar, ranging in the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.[1]
Fossils of fulmarine petrels dating back to the Upper Miocene have been found in Menorca.[2]
Taxonomy
A multigene genetic study published in 2021 provided a genus-level phylogeny of extant genera in the family and showed that the fulmarine patrels make an apparent clade.[3]
| Procellariidae |
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Species by genus
Macronectes
Macronectes includes:
- Macronectes halli, northern giant petrel, located in the southern oceans, north of the Antarctic convergence
- Macronectes giganteus, southern giant petrel, located in the southern oceans, and southern polar region south to the pack ice
Fulmarus
Fulmarus includes:
- Fulmarus glacialis, northern fulmar, breeds in the North Atlantic, along the coast of eastern Siberia, and the Alaskan Peninsula. Ranges through the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean,
- Fulmarus glacialis glacialis breeds in the high Arctic region of the North Atlantic
- Fulmarus glacialis auduboni breeds in the low Arctic and boreal Arctic of the North Atlantic
- Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii breeds along the coast of eastern Siberia and the Alaskan Peninsula
- Fulmarus glacialoides, southern fulmar, located in the southern polar region; South Atlantic Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean
Thalassoica
Thalassoica includes:
- Thalassoica antarctica, Antarctic petrel, breeds along the Antarctic coast and on the Antarctic islands. Ranges through the southern polar region
Daption
Daption includes:
- Daption capense, Cape petrel, breeds on the circumpolar and New Zealand subantarctic islands, ranges throughout the southern polar region, and coastal waters off the west coast of South America
- Daption capense capense breeds on the circumpolar subantarctic islands, ranges throughout the southern oceans
- Daption capense australe breeds on the New Zealand subantarctic islands, ranges throughout the southern oceans
Pagodroma
Pagodroma includes:
- Pagodroma nivea, snow petrel, located in the southern polar region
- Pagodroma nivea nivea, breeds on the South Georgia Islands and adjacent islands, Scotia Arc, and the Antarctic Peninsula
- Pagodroma nivea confusa, breeds on the South Sandwich Islands and the Géologie Archipelago
Pterodromoides
Pterodromoides is a monotypic genus of extinct fulmarine petrels containing only Pterodromoides minoricensis
References
- ^ Weathers, W. W.; Gerhart, K. L.; Hodum, P. J. (1 December 2000). "Thermoregulation in Antarctic fulmarine petrels". Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 170 (8): 561–572. doi:10.1007/s003600000134. ISSN 1432-136X. PMID 11192262. S2CID 22776920.
- ^ Segui, Bartomeu; Quintana, Josep; Fornos, Joan J.; Alcover, Josep Antoni (September 2001). "A New Fulmarine Petrel (Aves: Procellariiformes) from the Upper Miocene of the Western Mediterranean". Palaeontology. 44 (5): 933–948. Bibcode:2001Palgy..44..933S. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00209. ISSN 0031-0239. S2CID 129148277.
- ^ Estandía, A.; Chesser, R.T.; James, H.F.; Levy, M.A.; Ferrer Obiol, J.; Bretagnolle, V.; González-Solís, J.; Welch, A.J. (27 July 2021). "Substitution rate variation in a robust Procellariiform seabird phylogeny is not solely explained by body mass, flight efficiency, population size or life history traits". bioRxiv: 2021.07.27.453752. doi:10.1101/2021.07.27.453752. S2CID 236502443. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
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