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| cause = [https://ndrrmc.govmu.org/pages/torrentialrain.aspx Torrential rains]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Torrential Rains Triggered Landslides |url=https://thewire.in/environment/nightmare-in-wayanad-torrential-rains-triggered-landslides-but-climate-change-may-not-be-the-sole-culprit|access-date=2024-08-04 |work=The Wire}}</ref>
| cause = [https://ndrrmc.govmu.org/pages/torrentialrain.aspx Torrential rains]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Torrential Rains Triggered Landslides |url=https://thewire.in/environment/nightmare-in-wayanad-torrential-rains-triggered-landslides-but-climate-change-may-not-be-the-sole-culprit|access-date=2024-08-04 |work=The Wire}}</ref>
| outcome = Loss of human lives and properties
| outcome = Loss of human lives and properties
| reported deaths = 417 (<small>''227 dead bodies and 190 body parts totalling 417''</small>)<ref name=":6"></ref><ref name="Death Toll">{{Cite news|title=Death Toll|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!bharat/wayanad-landslide-death-toll-mounts-to-414-list-of-138-missing-persons-released-enn24080706874|work=Etvbharat|quote=Over 150 people are still missing and the draft list of 138 missing persons has been released.}}</ref><ref name="Death Toll-2">{{Cite news|title=Death Toll-2|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/wayanad-landslide-pm-modi-visit-national-disaster-declaration-rahul-gandhi-2578965-2024-08-08|work=indiatoday}}</ref>
| reported deaths = 417 (''227 dead bodies and 190 body parts totalling 417'')<ref name=":6"></ref><ref name="Death Toll">{{Cite news|title=Death Toll|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!bharat/wayanad-landslide-death-toll-mounts-to-414-list-of-138-missing-persons-released-enn24080706874|work=Etvbharat|quote=Over 150 people are still missing and the draft list of 138 missing persons has been released.}}</ref><ref name="Death Toll-2">{{Cite news|title=Death Toll-2|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/wayanad-landslide-pm-modi-visit-national-disaster-declaration-rahul-gandhi-2578965-2024-08-08|work=indiatoday}}</ref>
| reported injuries = 273<ref name=":5"/>
| reported injuries = 273<ref name=":5"/>
| missing = 150{{efn|However, only 138 missing people were included in the draft list published by the Kerala government.<ref name="Death Toll" />}}
| missing = 150{{efn|However, only 138 missing people were included in the draft list published by the Kerala government.<ref name="Death Toll" />}}
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'''2024 Wayanad landslides''' were the multiple landslides that occurred at Punjirimattom, Mundakkai, Chooralmala, Attamala, [[Meppadi]] and [[Kunhome]] villages of [[Wayanad district]], Kerala, India, in the early hours of 30 July 2024. Heavy rains triggered the collapse of hillsides, resulting in torrents of mud, water, and boulders cascading down onto the area. The landslides marked one of the deadliest natural disasters in Kerala's history with initial reports of at least 417 (<small>''227 dead bodies and 190 body parts totalling 417''</small>) deaths, over 273 injuries, and more than 150 reported missing.{{efn|However,only 138 missing people were included in the draft list published by the Kerala government.<ref name="Death Toll" />}}<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |title=Kerala landslides: Rescue continues on 5th day, over 1,300 rescuers at work |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/kerala-landslides-rescue-continues-on-5th-day-over-1-300-rescuers-at-work-124080300136_1.html |access-date=3 August 2024 |work=[[Business Standard]] |quote=273 were injured in the massive landslides that hit Wayanad district in the wee hours of July 30. |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-06 |title=Commandos search Wayanad forests; Death toll hits 402 as remains found at Pothukal {{!}} VIDEO |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/commandos-search-wayanad-forests-death-toll-hits-four-hundred-and-two-as-remains-found-at-pothukal-1.9790369 |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en |quote=227 deaths officially confirmed.}}</ref> The landslides are among several extreme weather events that have occurred in India in recent years.<ref name=":14">{{cite news |last=Arif |first=Ainnie |date=July 31, 2024 |title=Kerala landslide: a look at the extreme weather events in India recently |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-climate/kerala-landslides-india-extreme-weather-events-9484698/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |publisher= |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>
'''2024 Wayanad landslides''' were the multiple landslides that occurred at Punjirimattom, Mundakkai, Chooralmala, Attamala, [[Meppadi]] and [[Kunhome]] villages of [[Wayanad district]], Kerala, India, in the early hours of 30 July 2024. Heavy rains triggered the collapse of hillsides, resulting in torrents of mud, water, and boulders cascading down onto the area. The landslides marked one of the deadliest natural disasters in Kerala's history with initial reports of at least 417 (''227 dead bodies and 190 body parts totalling 417'') deaths, over 273 injuries, and more than 150 reported missing.{{efn|However,only 138 missing people were included in the draft list published by the Kerala government.<ref name="Death Toll" />}}<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |title=Kerala landslides: Rescue continues on 5th day, over 1,300 rescuers at work |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/kerala-landslides-rescue-continues-on-5th-day-over-1-300-rescuers-at-work-124080300136_1.html |access-date=3 August 2024 |work=[[Business Standard]] |quote=273 were injured in the massive landslides that hit Wayanad district in the wee hours of July 30. |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-06 |title=Commandos search Wayanad forests; Death toll hits 402 as remains found at Pothukal {{!}} VIDEO |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/commandos-search-wayanad-forests-death-toll-hits-four-hundred-and-two-as-remains-found-at-pothukal-1.9790369 |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en |quote=227 deaths officially confirmed.}}</ref> The landslides are among several extreme weather events that have occurred in India in recent years.<ref name=":14">{{cite news |last=Arif |first=Ainnie |date=July 31, 2024 |title=Kerala landslide: a look at the extreme weather events in India recently |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-climate/kerala-landslides-india-extreme-weather-events-9484698/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |publisher= |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>


== Background ==
== Background ==
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== Incident ==
== Incident ==
The first landslide struck either Punjirimattom<ref>{{Cite web |last=Antony |first=Toby |date=2024-08-02 |title=Only 10 houses remain at Punjirimattom, the epicentre of landslide in Wayanad |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Aug/02/only-10-houses-remain-at-unjirimattom-the-epicentre-of-landslide-in-wayanad |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> or the village of Mundakkai<ref name=":4" /> at around 01:00 [[Time in India|IST]], which swept away both villages, followed by a second landslide to the north in nearby Chooralmala at around 04:10. The second landslide diverted the [[Iruvanjippuzha|Iruvazhinji River]], resulting in flash floods and washing away the Chooralmala village. Approximately 400 families were stranded in Mundakkai and Attamala following the collapse of the only bridge connecting the settlements and Chooramala.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Wayanad landslides: 133 dead, 481 saved, at least 98 missing |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/07/30/wayand-landslide-kerala-rain-live.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730073647/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/07/30/wayand-landslide-kerala-rain-live.html |archive-date=July 30, 2024 |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=[[Onmanorama]]}}</ref> Overall, six villages, namely Punjirimattom, Meppadi, Mundakkai, Attamala, Chooralmala, and [[Kunhome]], were affected by the landslides.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-31 |title=Wayanad landslides: Over 173 dead, more than 190 missing; Army rescues over 1,000 people |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Jul/31/day-2-wayanad-landslides-over-190-dead-225-missing-army-rescues-over-a-1000-people |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The landslides with initial reports of 417 (<small>''227 dead bodies and 190 body parts totalling 417''</small>) deaths and injured over 273, making them the deadliest landslides in Kerala's history;<ref name="Death Toll" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> most victims were workers on tea and cardamom estates located in the region and were likely asleep in their makeshift tents when the landslides struck.<ref name=":0" /> More than 150 people were left unaccounted for.{{efn|However,only 138 missing people were included in the draft list published by the Kerala government.<ref name="Death Toll" />}}<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite news |date=31 July 2024 |title=Landslides leave over 150 dead in India due to torrential rain |url=https://www.euronews.com/2024/07/31/landslides-leave-over-150-dead-in-india-due-to-torrential-rain |access-date=31 July 2024 |work=[[Euronews]] |publisher= |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> At least five children so far found to have lost both their parents, while six others lost either their father or mother in the landslides.<ref name="Orphan">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-06|title=Orphan|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kerala/five-children-orphaned-in-wayanad-landslides-3139566|website=Deccanherald|language=en}}</ref> In Chooralmala, survivors mourned the loss of their fellow villagers, with one villager stating that up to 90% of the people he knew in the village had perished.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Varma |first=Vishnu |date=31 July 2024 |title='We have lost 90% of villagers': Grief takes over remote Kerala town |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/we-have-lost-90-of-villagers-grief-takes-over-remote-kerala-town-101722451905895.html |access-date=31 July 2024 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Muddy water and debris flowed and merged with the [[Chaliyar|Chaliyar River]], from which more than 200 bodies were found.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Qureshi |first1=Imran |last2=Padanna |first2=Ashraf |date=July 30, 2024 |title=India landslides kill 120 and trap dozens |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c51y7k2y7v1o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731101116/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c51y7k2y7v1o |archive-date=July 31, 2024 |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=BBC |language=en-GB |quote=}}</ref><ref name="auto" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2024-07-30 |title=Wayanad landslides LIVE updates: At least 123 killed, several feared missing; Rahul Gandhi to visit relief camps on July 31 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/wayanad-landslides-live-updates-july-30/article68462900.ece |access-date=2024-07-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=July 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731101135/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/wayanad-landslides-live-updates-july-30/article68462900.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> At least 242 laborers from [[West Bengal]], 55 workers from [[Assam]], 30 more from [[Madhya Pradesh]] and 44 from [[Jharkhand]] were among those affected.<ref name="Migrant workers">{{Cite web |title=Migrant workers|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/india/local-situation-report-011-2024-landslide-kerala-august-05-2024 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=reliefweb}}</ref> The authorities also informed that one person from [[Odisha]] and four from [[Bihar]] were included in the final missing list.<ref name="Missing workers">{{Cite web |title=Missing workers|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/08/07/wayanad-landslide-missing-list-chooralmala-mundakkai.html|access-date=2024-08-06 |website=onmanorama}}</ref>
The first landslide struck either Punjirimattom<ref>{{Cite web |last=Antony |first=Toby |date=2024-08-02 |title=Only 10 houses remain at Punjirimattom, the epicentre of landslide in Wayanad |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Aug/02/only-10-houses-remain-at-unjirimattom-the-epicentre-of-landslide-in-wayanad |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> or the village of Mundakkai<ref name=":4" /> at around 01:00 [[Time in India|IST]], which swept away both villages, followed by a second landslide to the north in nearby Chooralmala at around 04:10. The second landslide diverted the [[Iruvanjippuzha|Iruvazhinji River]], resulting in flash floods and washing away the Chooralmala village. Approximately 400 families were stranded in Mundakkai and Attamala following the collapse of the only bridge connecting the settlements and Chooramala.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Wayanad landslides: 133 dead, 481 saved, at least 98 missing |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/07/30/wayand-landslide-kerala-rain-live.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730073647/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/07/30/wayand-landslide-kerala-rain-live.html |archive-date=July 30, 2024 |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=[[Onmanorama]]}}</ref> Overall, six villages, namely Punjirimattom, Meppadi, Mundakkai, Attamala, Chooralmala, and [[Kunhome]], were affected by the landslides.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-31 |title=Wayanad landslides: Over 173 dead, more than 190 missing; Army rescues over 1,000 people |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Jul/31/day-2-wayanad-landslides-over-190-dead-225-missing-army-rescues-over-a-1000-people |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The landslides with initial reports of 417 (''227 dead bodies and 190 body parts totalling 417'') deaths and injured over 273, making them the deadliest landslides in Kerala's history;<ref name="Death Toll" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> most victims were workers on tea and cardamom estates located in the region and were likely asleep in their makeshift tents when the landslides struck.<ref name=":0" /> More than 150 people were left unaccounted for.{{efn|However,only 138 missing people were included in the draft list published by the Kerala government.<ref name="Death Toll" />}}<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite news |date=31 July 2024 |title=Landslides leave over 150 dead in India due to torrential rain |url=https://www.euronews.com/2024/07/31/landslides-leave-over-150-dead-in-india-due-to-torrential-rain |access-date=31 July 2024 |work=[[Euronews]] |publisher= |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> At least five children so far found to have lost both their parents, while six others lost either their father or mother in the landslides.<ref name="Orphan">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-06|title=Orphan|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kerala/five-children-orphaned-in-wayanad-landslides-3139566|website=Deccanherald|language=en}}</ref> In Chooralmala, survivors mourned the loss of their fellow villagers, with one villager stating that up to 90% of the people he knew in the village had perished.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Varma |first=Vishnu |date=31 July 2024 |title='We have lost 90% of villagers': Grief takes over remote Kerala town |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/we-have-lost-90-of-villagers-grief-takes-over-remote-kerala-town-101722451905895.html |access-date=31 July 2024 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Muddy water and debris flowed and merged with the [[Chaliyar|Chaliyar River]], from which more than 200 bodies were found.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Qureshi |first1=Imran |last2=Padanna |first2=Ashraf |date=July 30, 2024 |title=India landslides kill 120 and trap dozens |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c51y7k2y7v1o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731101116/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c51y7k2y7v1o |archive-date=July 31, 2024 |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=BBC |language=en-GB |quote=}}</ref><ref name="auto" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2024-07-30 |title=Wayanad landslides LIVE updates: At least 123 killed, several feared missing; Rahul Gandhi to visit relief camps on July 31 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/wayanad-landslides-live-updates-july-30/article68462900.ece |access-date=2024-07-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=July 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731101135/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/wayanad-landslides-live-updates-july-30/article68462900.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> At least 242 laborers from [[West Bengal]], 55 workers from [[Assam]], 30 more from [[Madhya Pradesh]] and 44 from [[Jharkhand]] were among those affected.<ref name="Migrant workers">{{Cite web |title=Migrant workers|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/india/local-situation-report-011-2024-landslide-kerala-august-05-2024 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=reliefweb}}</ref> The authorities also informed that one person from [[Odisha]] and four from [[Bihar]] were included in the final missing list.<ref name="Missing workers">{{Cite web |title=Missing workers|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/08/07/wayanad-landslide-missing-list-chooralmala-mundakkai.html|access-date=2024-08-06 |website=onmanorama}}</ref>


==Rescue operation==
==Rescue operation==
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On 7 August, rescue operations started in the forest area with 12-members, including a six-member Army unit and four commandos from the Kerala Police’s special operation wing, deployed in the Sunrise Valley area. [[Kerala Police|Kerala police]] registered 62 cases for spreading misinformation about the Chief Minister’s Distress Relief Fund (CMDRF) and have arrested in 15 individuals so far.<ref name="CMDRF">{{Cite web |title=CMDRF|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/08/07/wayanad-landslides-399-dead-152-missing-meppadi-chooralmala.html|access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref> The agricultural department confirmed that 310 hectares of agricultural land including 50 hectares of [[cardamom]], 100 hectares of [[coffee]], 70 hectares of [[Black pepper|pepper]], 55 hectares of [[tea]], 10 hectares of [[coconut]], 15 hectares of [[Areca nut|arecanut]] and 10 hectares of [[banana]] crops washed away in the landslides and flash floods.<ref name="Loss of crops">{{Cite web |title=Loss of crops|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/112335880.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst|access-date=2024-08-07 |website=timesofindia}}</ref> The authorities informed that they have received amount {{INRConvert|53.98|c|lk=on}} till 5 August in the disaster relief fund.<ref name="Disaster relief fund">{{Cite web |title=Disaster relief fund|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/kerala-rescue-operations-in-landslide-affected-wayanad-enter-ninth-day/articleshow/112337086.cms|access-date=2024-08-07 |website=businessinsider}}</ref>
On 7 August, rescue operations started in the forest area with 12-members, including a six-member Army unit and four commandos from the Kerala Police’s special operation wing, deployed in the Sunrise Valley area. [[Kerala Police|Kerala police]] registered 62 cases for spreading misinformation about the Chief Minister’s Distress Relief Fund (CMDRF) and have arrested in 15 individuals so far.<ref name="CMDRF">{{Cite web |title=CMDRF|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2024/08/07/wayanad-landslides-399-dead-152-missing-meppadi-chooralmala.html|access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref> The agricultural department confirmed that 310 hectares of agricultural land including 50 hectares of [[cardamom]], 100 hectares of [[coffee]], 70 hectares of [[Black pepper|pepper]], 55 hectares of [[tea]], 10 hectares of [[coconut]], 15 hectares of [[Areca nut|arecanut]] and 10 hectares of [[banana]] crops washed away in the landslides and flash floods.<ref name="Loss of crops">{{Cite web |title=Loss of crops|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/112335880.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst|access-date=2024-08-07 |website=timesofindia}}</ref> The authorities informed that they have received amount {{INRConvert|53.98|c|lk=on}} till 5 August in the disaster relief fund.<ref name="Disaster relief fund">{{Cite web |title=Disaster relief fund|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/kerala-rescue-operations-in-landslide-affected-wayanad-enter-ninth-day/articleshow/112337086.cms|access-date=2024-08-07 |website=businessinsider}}</ref>


On 8 August, the search operations started with more [[cadaver dogs]] to look for dead bodies that may still be buried under debris. The special search teams were dropped using [[Indian Air Force|Air Force]] helicopters to inaccessible areas along the [[Chaliyar river]] and deploying more rescuers, heavy machines and K9 dog squads in the segregated six zones of disaster-hit Chooralmala and Mundakkai continued.<ref name="Search operations">{{Cite web |title=Search operations|url=https://www.udayavani.com/english-news/kerala-landslides-search-operations-continue-for-10th-day-in-wayanad|access-date=2024-08-07 |website=udayavani}}</ref>
On 8 August, the search operations started with more [[cadaver dogs]] to look for dead bodies that may still be buried under debris. The special search teams were dropped using [[Indian Air Force|Air Force]] helicopters to inaccessible areas along the [[Chaliyar river]] and heavy machines and K9 dog squads in the Chooralmala and Mundakkai continued.<ref name="Search operations">{{Cite web |title=Search operations|url=https://www.udayavani.com/english-news/kerala-landslides-search-operations-continue-for-10th-day-in-wayanad|access-date=2024-08-07 |website=udayavani}}</ref> The [[Indian Army]] decided to withdraw partially from the search operations, however a small contingent will still remain in the area to maintain Bailey bridge and to assist with the search operations.<ref name="Army withdrawal">{{Cite web |title=Army withdrawal|url=https://telanganatoday.com/nine-days-after-wayanad-landslides-army-partially-withdraws-from-disaster-hit-areas|access-date=2024-08-08|website=telanganatoday}}</ref>


== Reactions ==
== Reactions ==

Revision as of 08:40, 8 August 2024

2024 Wayanad landslides
The 2024 Wayanad landslides occurred in Kerala
The 2024 Wayanad landslides occurred in Kerala
Date30 July 2024 (2024-07-30)
Time01:00–04:30 (IST)
LocationPunjirimattom, Mundakkai, Chooralmala, Attamala, Meppadi and Kunhome villages
(Wayanad district, Kerala, India)
Coordinates11°46′54.4″N 76°13′57.6″E / 11.781778°N 76.232667°E / 11.781778; 76.232667
TypeLandslide
CauseTorrential rains[1]
OutcomeLoss of human lives and properties
Deaths417 (227 dead bodies and 190 body parts totalling 417)[2][3][4]
Non-fatal injuries273[5]
Missing150[a]
Displaced10,000[6]
2024 Wayanad Landslide Report
Map

2024 Wayanad landslides were the multiple landslides that occurred at Punjirimattom, Mundakkai, Chooralmala, Attamala, Meppadi and Kunhome villages of Wayanad district, Kerala, India, in the early hours of 30 July 2024. Heavy rains triggered the collapse of hillsides, resulting in torrents of mud, water, and boulders cascading down onto the area. The landslides marked one of the deadliest natural disasters in Kerala's history with initial reports of at least 417 (227 dead bodies and 190 body parts totalling 417) deaths, over 273 injuries, and more than 150 reported missing.[b][7][5][2] The landslides are among several extreme weather events that have occurred in India in recent years.[8]

Background

Wayanad, a hilly district in the Western Ghats mountain range, is prone to landslides during the monsoon season.[9][10][11][12] Due to heavy rainfall in the area, the residents in the Punjirimattom, Attamala, and Mundakkai areas were moved by local authorities to relief camps beginning on 29 July. Despite an alert issued by the district administration, many residents of the Chooramala area stayed in their houses as it was not marked as a landslide-prone area.[13] An estimated 570 mm (22.5 in) of rainfall was recorded in the two days preceding the disaster.[14]

Kerala's hilly regions have slopes of more than 20 degrees. It may have contributed to the increased risk of flash floods during heavy rains.[15] According to the Geological Survey of India, a total of 19,301 km2 (7,452 sq mi), or 49.7% of Kerala's total area, falls within landslide-prone areas.[16]

Incident

The first landslide struck either Punjirimattom[17] or the village of Mundakkai[7] at around 01:00 IST, which swept away both villages, followed by a second landslide to the north in nearby Chooralmala at around 04:10. The second landslide diverted the Iruvazhinji River, resulting in flash floods and washing away the Chooralmala village. Approximately 400 families were stranded in Mundakkai and Attamala following the collapse of the only bridge connecting the settlements and Chooramala.[7] Overall, six villages, namely Punjirimattom, Meppadi, Mundakkai, Attamala, Chooralmala, and Kunhome, were affected by the landslides.[11][18] The landslides with initial reports of 417 (227 dead bodies and 190 body parts totalling 417) deaths and injured over 273, making them the deadliest landslides in Kerala's history;[3][7][5][2] most victims were workers on tea and cardamom estates located in the region and were likely asleep in their makeshift tents when the landslides struck.[11] More than 150 people were left unaccounted for.[c][7][19] At least five children so far found to have lost both their parents, while six others lost either their father or mother in the landslides.[20] In Chooralmala, survivors mourned the loss of their fellow villagers, with one villager stating that up to 90% of the people he knew in the village had perished.[21] Muddy water and debris flowed and merged with the Chaliyar River, from which more than 200 bodies were found.[7][11][18][22] At least 242 laborers from West Bengal, 55 workers from Assam, 30 more from Madhya Pradesh and 44 from Jharkhand were among those affected.[23] The authorities also informed that one person from Odisha and four from Bihar were included in the final missing list.[24]

Rescue operation

Rescue operation in the 2024 Wayanad landslides

State and national disaster relief teams were dispatched immediately to conduct rescue operations but were hindered by strong river currents and heavy rains. The Indian Army sent more than 200 personnel to the area to assist with search and rescue operations. Local hospitals treated over 518 including more than 273 wounded people; more than 4000 people were rescued and over 10,000 people were sent to 93 disaster relief camps in Wayanad.[6][7][25][26] Schools and colleges were closed in 10 of 14 districts.[11][27] Kerala's State Disaster Management Authority, Kerala Fire and Rescue Services, and Kerala Police, along with the Indian Air Force, Indian Navy, Defence Security Corps (DSC), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), and volunteers participated in rescue operations.[28][29]

On 30 July, inclement weather with heavy rains and landslides hampered the rescue efforts. According to NDRF commander Akhilesh Kumar, rescue operations were paused during the night due to heavy rains and the threat of further landslides in the area. Six hundred NDRF teams were deployed in addition to over fifty teams from the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard to take part in the relief operations.[30][31]

On 31 July, about 1500 personnel of the Indian Armed Forces were deployed to the area. A command-and-control center was set up in Kozhikode by the Army to coordinate humanitarian assistance and disaster relief efforts. Navy river crossing teams had also been dispatched.[32]

On 1 August, a temporary 190-foot-long (58 m) Bailey bridge was constructed by the 144 army-men from the Army's Engineer Task Force of the Madras Engineer Group to connect the Chooralmala village with Mundakkai over the Iruvanipzha River within 31 hours.[33] The Kerala government set up 45 relief camps in the Wayanad district, accommodating over 4000 people. The state health department also established a control room for assistance in case of emergency.[25] The health minister of Kerala, Veena George, said that at least 1500 rescue personnel were deployed, including forensic surgeons.[34]

On 2 August, the Indian Air Force deployed C-130 and drone aircraft from Hindon airbase in Ghaziabad, as well as a specialized team of experts for sub soil evacuation and rescue monitoring.[35][36][37] Forty teams of rescue personnel were divided over six zones consisting of Attamala and Aaranmala; Mundakkai; Punjirimattom; Vellarmala Village Road; GVHSS Vellarmala; and downstream of the Chaliyar River. Eight police stations along the Chaliyar River were also involved in the rescue efforts with regional expert swimmers.[35] During the rescue operation in the Mundakkai village, advanced radars detected signs of breathing under the soil, however, in the evening it was determined it is more likely to be that of animals rather than trapped humans.[38]

On 3 August, rescue operations resumed using advanced radar equipment and dog squads to detect buried victims. Authorities later informed that 341 autopsies were completed, and 148 bodies were identified. The movement of heavy machineries and ambulances were facilitated by the construction of the 190-foot-long bailey bridge by the Indian Army.[39] Aerial survey of the affected areas was conducted by Air Marshal B Manikantan and Army Station Commander M P Salil to evaluate the damage and effectively carry out rescue operations.[40]

On 4 August, the number of rescuers from various forces, including the NDRF, K-9 dog squad, Army, Special operation group, Madras Engineering Group, Police, Fire department, Forest department, Navy, and Coast Guard were increased to 1300 to be deployed in the disaster-struck areas of Wayanad. Advanced radars, drones, and heavy machinery, including earth movers and cranes were deployed to find survivors or buried remains.[41][42] Odisha Police K9 dog Storm, known for its sniffing abilities in harsh conditions and proven past record, was also involved in the rescue operation.[43] The rescue operations were aided by numerous experienced private establishments and civilian volunteers. Most of the rescue efforts were diverted to the Cheliyar river due to an increased possibility of remains to be found in the river.[44] Eight unclaimed bodies were buried in Puthumala.[45]

On 5 August, the search for missing people entered its seventh day with the resumption of search operations in the Chaliyar river, which flows through Malappuram, Kozhikode and Wayanad.[46] DNA samples from unidentified bodies began to be collected to be later matched with family members.[47] Traffic restrictions were put in place on the temporary Bailey bridge connecting Chooralmala and Mundakkai, allowing only rescuers to cross.[48] In Puthumala, 31 unclaimed bodies and over 158 body parts were buried after interfaith prayers, Each grave is marked with the respective DNA sample number.[49] 190 more ambulances and more cadaver dogs were also deployed in the search and rescue operations.[45] Buried Object Detection System (BODS) was used to identify places where bodies might be buried deep under huge boulders or logs.[50]

On 6 August, a special drive was initiated in the remote areas between Soochippara and Pothukallu with the help of 12 rescuers from army personnel, dog squad, and forest department officials to find the people who went missing in the landslides around Meppadi panchayat of Wayanad.[51] Ten teams were formed, each including one panchayath ward member of the Grama Panchayath, and deployed for rapid visual screening to assess impact on residential buildings.[52] The Government of Kerala decided to initiate a search operation in the Arabian Sea and sought the Navy's and the Coast Guard's aid.[53] The local authorities have informed that 53 children have either died or were missing in the landslides. A force of 1,174 personnel, supported by 85 earthmovers, was deployed for the search and rescue efforts. Additionally, 1,126 volunteers assisted in the operations. The government has reported a registration of 18,000 volunteers through its official channels..[54]

On 7 August, rescue operations started in the forest area with 12-members, including a six-member Army unit and four commandos from the Kerala Police’s special operation wing, deployed in the Sunrise Valley area. Kerala police registered 62 cases for spreading misinformation about the Chief Minister’s Distress Relief Fund (CMDRF) and have arrested in 15 individuals so far.[55] The agricultural department confirmed that 310 hectares of agricultural land including 50 hectares of cardamom, 100 hectares of coffee, 70 hectares of pepper, 55 hectares of tea, 10 hectares of coconut, 15 hectares of arecanut and 10 hectares of banana crops washed away in the landslides and flash floods.[56] The authorities informed that they have received amount ₹53.98 crore (US$6.5 million) till 5 August in the disaster relief fund.[57]

On 8 August, the search operations started with more cadaver dogs to look for dead bodies that may still be buried under debris. The special search teams were dropped using Air Force helicopters to inaccessible areas along the Chaliyar river and heavy machines and K9 dog squads in the Chooralmala and Mundakkai continued.[58] The Indian Army decided to withdraw partially from the search operations, however a small contingent will still remain in the area to maintain Bailey bridge and to assist with the search operations.[59]

Reactions

Domestic

Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced payments of ₹2 lakh (US$2,400) to relatives of the dead and ₹50,000 (US$600) to each injured.[60] Rahul Gandhi, leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha and former member of Parliament for Wayanad Lok Sabha constituency, spoke with Chief Minister of Kerala Pinarayi Vijayan and urged United Democratic Front workers to provide help.[61] The government of Tamil Nadu offered ₹5 crore for relief operations and sent medical and rescue teams.[62] Rahul Gandhi and his sister Priyanka Gandhi were initially scheduled to visit Wayanad on 31 July, but the visit was postponed to the next day due to heavy rains and inclement weather. The duo visited the relief camps in Wayanad on 1 August. He said during a press conference in Wayanad later that day that the Indian National Congress would build 100 houses in the affected areas.[63][64] The Chief Minister of Karnataka, Siddaramiah assured the Kerala government that the state would build 100 houses for those affected by the landslides.[65] Indian Union Muslim League President Sayyid Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal said that 100 homes will be built and provided. He also said that work, medicine and education are essential for the survival of poor people and a comprehensive rehabilitation package will also be implemented.[66][67]Archbishop Andrews Thazhath, President of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India (CBCI), expressed condolences to the families affected by the Wayanad landslides saying all Catholic parishes and institutions nearby will be actively engaging in the rescue mission and support government agencies in their relief efforts. He said Caritas India is already on the ground, coordinating with its local partners like WSSS, Shreyas, and Jeevana to deliver immediate relief support and trauma counseling to those affected by the crisis.[68][69]

The Union Home Minister of India Amit Shah informed the Parliament of India that four early warnings were issued to the Kerala government between 23 and 26 July indicating possible rainfall of more than 20 cm (7.9 in) in and around the area.[70][71] The Chief Minister of Kerala responded by claiming that the red alert was issued for Wayanad only after the disaster and only a forecast of low probability for landslides was given for Wayanad on 30 and 31 July by the central agencies.[72][73][74] The Kerala state government decided to distribute new mobile phones, free rations, and fresh duplicate certificates to affected individuals in need of them.[75] Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi decided to visit the landslides hit villages on 10 August.[76]

The gag order

The Kerala state government issued an order to scientific and technology institutions prohibiting scientists from visiting the site or discussing the landslides or their potential causes. It said that prior approval from the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority would be required before beginning any research in a region affected by a disaster.[77] Hours later, the gag order was revoked unconditionally.[78]

International

Condolences came from US president Joe Biden,[79] Chinese Premier Li Qiang,[80] and Russian president Vladimir Putin.[81] Turkey's foreign ministry extended its condolences and sympathies to the people of India,[81] as did Maldives President Mohamed Muizzu,[81] Australian high commissioner to India Philip Green,[82] Israeli Ambassador to India Naor Gilon,[82] French envoy to India Thierry Mathou,[83] Iranian Ambassador in India Denis Alipov,[84] Armenian foreign minister Ararat Mirzoyan,[85] President of UAE Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan,[86] King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman of Saudi Arabia,[87] Bhutanese Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay,[88] and the foreign ministries of Latvia, Jordan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Egypt, the Netherlands and Germany.[89] Pope Francis prayed for victims of devastating landslides during his angelus address at Saint Peter's Square.[90]

Monetary aid

Corporate and NGOs

Donors Amount References
Lulu Group International ₹5 crore (US$600,000) [86][91]
RP Group ₹5 crore (US$600,000) [86][91]
Kalyan Jewellers ₹5 crore (US$600,000) [86][91]
Malabar Group ₹5 crore (US$600,000) [86][91]
Aster DM Healthcare ₹5 crore (US$600,000) [86][91]
Adani Group ₹5 crore (US$600,000) [86][91]
Thiruvananthapuram Corporation ₹2 crore (US$240,000) [92]
Pothys Retail Ltd ₹50 lakh (US$60,000) [93]
Bhima Jewellery Group ₹2 crore (US$240,000) [93]
Cochin Shipyard Limited ₹1 crore (US$120,000) [93]
SNDP Yogam ₹25 lakh (US$30,000) [94]
Kerala Social Centre ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) [95]
Varkey Group ₹1.1 crore (US$130,000) [96]
Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences ₹1 crore (US$120,000) [97]
ViswaSanthi Foundation ₹3 crore (US$360,000) [98][99]
Kerala Minerals and Metals Limited ₹50 lakh (US$60,000) [100]
Kerala State Women's Development Corporation ₹30 lakh (US$36,000) [101]
Canara Bank ₹5 crore (US$600,000) [102]
Kerala State Financial Enterprises ₹5 crore (US$600,000) [103]
Seashore Group ₹50 lakh (US$60,000) [104]
Al Muqtadir Group ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) [105]
Palluruthy Service Co-operative Bank ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) [106]
Thrikkakara Municipal Co-operative Hospital ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) [107]
Cable TV Operators Association ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) [108]
Deshabhimani Employees ₹50 lakh (US$60,000) [109]
Nishka Jewellery ₹50 lakh (US$60,000) [110]
Meenakshi Mission Hospital ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) [111]
Vellore Institute of Technology ₹1 crore (US$120,000) [112]
SRM Institute of Science and Technology ₹1 crore (US$120,000) [113]
Royale Hayat Hospital Employees ₹7 lakh (US$8,400) [114]

Civil society

Donors Amount References
Suriya
Karthi
Jyothika		 ₹50 lakh (US$60,000) [115]
Vikram ₹20 lakh (US$24,000) [115]
Mammootty ₹20 lakh (US$24,000) [115]
Dulquer Salmaan ₹15 lakh (US$18,000) [115]
Fahadh Fasil
Nazriya Nazim		 ₹25 lakh (US$30,000) [115]
Rashmika Mandanna ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) [115]
Nayanthara
Vignesh Shivan		 ₹20 lakh (US$24,000) [116]
Anand Patwardhan ₹2.2 lakh (US$2,600) [117]
Allu Arjun ₹25 lakh (US$30,000) [118]
Chiranjeevi
Ram Charan		 ₹1 crore (US$120,000) [119]
Jayaram ₹5 lakh (US$6,000) [120]
Malankara Church ₹5 crore (US$600,000) [120]
Pinarayi Vijayan
T. Kamala		 ₹1.33 lakh (US$1,600) [121]
Dalai Lama ₹11 lakh (US$13,000) [122]
Tovino Thomas ₹25 lakh (US$30,000) [123]
Navya Nair ₹1 lakh (US$1,200) [124]
Kamal Haasan ₹25 lakh (US$30,000) [125]
Shobhana George ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) [126]
Joju George ₹5 lakh (US$6,000) [127]
Rimi Tomy ₹5 lakh (US$6,000) [127]
T Padmanabhan ₹5 lakh (US$6,000) [127]
K Radhakrishnan ₹1 lakh (US$1,200) [128]
John Brittas ₹1 lakh (US$1,200) [129]
V. Sivadasan ₹1 lakh (US$1,200) [130]
A A Rahim ₹1 lakh (US$1,200) [131]
Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya ₹1 lakh (US$1,200) [132]
Amraram ₹1 lakh (US$1,200) [133]
S. Venkatesan ₹1 lakh (US$1,200) [134]
Ramesh Chennithala ₹50,000 (US$600) [135]
S P Velumani ₹1 crore (US$120,000) [136]
Prabhas ₹2 crore (US$240,000) [137]
A. K. Antony ₹50,000 (US$600) [138]

Relief work

Rehabilitation

Organization Details of no. of houses, and allied services References
VPS Healthcare To provide extraction support and medical treatment [86][139]
Jio Infocomm To increased network strength
To setup an additional tower near the area to improve communication services		 [86][139]
Airtel India To increased caps on affected customers' voice and data services [139]
Kozhikode Business Club To construct 40 houses worth ₹3 crore (US$360,000) [140]
Munnar Catering College To develop an educational project worth ₹1 crore (US$120,000) [141]
Prathidhwani IT employees welfare organisation To construct 2 houses [142]
Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Sala To construct 10 houses [143]
National Service Scheme To construct 150 houses [144]
Ahalia Medical Group To adopt all orphaned children [145]
K-FON To provide high-speed internet connections [146]
Sobha Group To construct 50 houses [147]
Amrita Hospital To provides advanced medical care [148]
Students from Malappuram To send 1 tonne rice to feed victims in affected area [149]
Gokulam Group
All India Malayalee Association		 To construct 25 houses [150]
Reporter TV To provide 150 acres of land for township [151]
Kerala State Electricity Board To supply free electricity to consumers in disaster-hit areas for six months
To exempt outstanding amount in disaster-hit areas		 [152]
Yenepoya University To provide free education to students from affected families [153]
ABC Cargo To provide employment opportunities to around 100 people from affected families [154]
Kerala Catholic Bishops' Council (KCBC) To construct 100 houses
To provide expert medical care and trauma counseling		 [155]
Kerala Association of Professional Social Workers To provide emergency psychosocial first aid to affected communities
A special focus on children's mental health		 [156]
Prodomino Foundation To voluntarily clean the affected houses before residents could enter in these affected house [157]
Faircode Infotech To provide ERP software for effective inventory management of deliverables to relief camps [158]
Kerala Suchitwa Mission To provide reusable utensils and materials required for the relief camps [159]
Akshaya Patra Foundation To provide 10,000 kits containing 42 nutritious meals, suffice to sustain a family of three for up to a week [160]
Reliance Foundation Food - To provide fruits, milk, dry rations, kitchen utensils, stoves
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) - To provide toiletries, essential hygiene requirements
Shelter - To provide temporary shelters, bedding, solar lanterns and torches, clothing and cleaning material
Sustainable livelihood recovery - To provide seeds, fodder, tools and vocational training to diversify income sources
Education - To provide books and play material to affected children
Psycho-social support - To provide counselling for trauma affected individuals with experts.		 [161]
Fujifilm To donate medical equipment [162]
National Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation To provide tele-counselling services for survivors [163]

Animal welfare

Numerous pets and livestock were found stranded in the rubble caused by the landslides. A team of veterinarians from the Animal Husbandry Department, animal rescue organizations, and members of the Indian Veterinary Association searched for these animals around affected areas in Wayanad district. Many pets were found sniffing around the area of their former homes or sitting on the rubble, and were found to be reluctant to eat or drink and were showing symptoms of shock. Temporary shelters and medical support were provided for the animals, and in some cases, surviving villagers adopted them.[164]

Orphan adoption

The landslides left many children without any living family members. After many families expressed willingness to adopt these orphan children, the Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) invoked the Juvenile Justice Act to oversee the adoption and child fostering process and assign the children to appropriate families.[165]

See also

References

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Notes

  1. ^ However, only 138 missing people were included in the draft list published by the Kerala government.[3]
  2. ^ However,only 138 missing people were included in the draft list published by the Kerala government.[3]
  3. ^ However,only 138 missing people were included in the draft list published by the Kerala government.[3]
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