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This is the user sandbox of Yue. A user sandbox is a subpage of the user's user page. It serves as a testing spot and page development space for the user and is not an encyclopedia article. Create or edit your own sandbox here.

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 {{User sandbox}}
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+https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/17/world/asia/uyghur-doppa-hat.html
-{{Short description|National flag}}
+https://www.google.com/books/edition/Negotiating_Identities/kueNDQAAQBAJ
-{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
+https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-1536-1_6
-{{Infobox flag
+https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/edcoll/9781784717353/9781784717353.00011.xml
-| Name = [[Republic of Chad]]
+https://www.scientific.net/AMR.627.563
-| Image = Flag of Chad.svg
+https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/etd/r/1501/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=ouhonors1288282990
-| Nickname = "Les trois barres"
+https://ruor.uottawa.ca/items/c087b71a-aa8e-4063-aba4-e19f3dd2c1db
-| Use = 111000
+https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Negotiating_Identities/kueNDQAAQBAJ
-| Symbol = {{FIAV|111000}} {{FIAV|Normal}} {{FIAV|Mirror}}
+https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Negotiating_Inseparability_in_China/QxPIDwAAQBAJ
-| Proportion = 2:3
+https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Oasis_Identities/MT2D_0_eBPQC
-| Adoption = {{start date and age|1959|11|06|df=yes}}
-| Design = A vertical tricolour of blue, gold, and red
-}}
-The [[national flag]] of [[Chad]] is a vertical [[tricolour]] of blue, gold, and red.<ref name="chadconstitution">{{cite web|url=https://www.presidence.td/upload/doc/doc_643.pdf#page=3|title=Constitution of Chad|date=31 March 1996|website=presidence.td|publisher=Chadian government|access-date=31 January 2017|quote="L'emblème national est le drapeau tricolore, bleu, or, rouge à bandes verticales et à dimensions égales, le bleu étant du côté de la hampe."|language=fr|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202124449/https://www.presidence.td/upload/doc/doc_643.pdf#page=3|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since the 1990s, its similarity to the [[flag of Romania]] has caused international discussion.<ref>{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Whitney |author-link=Whitney Smith |title=Flag of Chad |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Chad |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]] |date=2 February 2001 |language=en}}</ref>
-==Description==
-The flag of Chad is a vertical tricolour consisting (left to right) of a [[blue]], a [[gold (color)|gold]] and a [[red]] column. The colours of the Chadian flag were intended to be a combination of the colours of blue, white and red as seen on the [[flag of France]] with the [[Pan-African colours]] of green, yellow and red as seen on the [[flag of Ethiopia]].<ref name="fotw">{{cite web|last1=MacDonald|first1=Ian|title=Chad|url=https://flagspot.net/flags/td.html|publisher=Flags of the World|access-date=4 November 2016|date=20 November 2013}}</ref> Furthermore, the blue represents the sky and hope; the gold is the sun and desert, and the red signifies the blood shed over independence.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Minahan|first=James|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/436221284|title=The complete guide to national symbols and emblems|date=2010|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-34496-1|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|pages=806|oclc=436221284}}</ref>
-The flag was adopted in 1959 for the autonomous republic and retained on independence in 1960, and in the constitution of 1962. Despite many political upheavals within Chad since independence, the flag has not been changed. This may be because the flag is not associated with any of the main power rivals within Chad, which had no sense of national identity before independence, and little after independence.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vagnat|first=Pascal|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/436864297|title=Constitutions : what they tell us about national flags and coats of arms|date=2000|publisher=Southern African Vexillological Association (SAVA)|others=Jos Poels|isbn=0-620-27350-X|location=[Johannesburg, South Africa]|oclc=436864297}}</ref>
-== Similarity with Romanian flag ==
-The flag of Chad is almost identical to the [[flag of Romania|national flags of Romania]], [[Flag of Moldova|Moldova]] and [[Flag of Andorra|Andorra]] (with the latter two also including the respective country's [[coat of arms]]), although the colours in Chad flags may vary more than those specified for Romania. Romania has used the flag since 1866, which appeared for the first time in its current form in [[Wallachia]]. It was officially in use from 1866 until 1948, when it was superseded by the flag of the [[Socialist Republic of Romania]]. Chad began to use its present flag in 1960, after it achieved independence from France. When Chad adopted its flag, Romania's flag also included [[Emblem of the Socialist Republic of Romania|an emblem]] in the middle of the flag on top of the tricolour; this was added after World War II during the [[Communist Romania|Communist era]] of the second half of the 20th century. However, in 1989 Romania's Communist government was overthrown and the insignia was removed, reverting Romania's flag to the prewar version which matched the one which had been adopted by Chad in the meantime.<ref name=romania/>
-The [[Chad–Romania relations|issue of Romania and Chad]] sharing similar flags has concerned the Chadian government on occasion; they requested in 2004 the [[United Nations]] to examine the issue. In response, [[President of Romania|Romanian President]] [[Ion Iliescu]] stated that no change would occur to the flag, as the existence of Romania's tricolour predates the existence of Chad as a whole: "The tricolour belongs to us. We will not give up the tricolour."<ref name=romania>{{cite news|title='Identical flag' causes flap in Romania|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3626821.stm|access-date=4 November 2016|work=[[BBC News]]|date=14 April 2004}}</ref>
-== Historical flags ==
-<gallery mode="packed" heights="100">
-File:Kanem flag from dulcerta 1339-pt.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} [[Kanem–Bornu Empire|Flag of Kanem]] according to [[Angelino Dulcert]] (1339)
-File:Bornu flag.tif|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of Bornu (Kanem's successor) according to [[Gabriel de Vallseca]] (1439)
-File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} [[Flag of France]] and [[French Equatorial Africa]] (1900–1959)
-File:Standard of the Free French Government of Chad, 1940–1942.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the [[Free France|Free French]] government of Chad under [[Pierre-Olivier Lapie]] (1940–1942)
-File:Flag of Pierre-Olivier Lapie as Governor of Chad.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Lapie's personal flag (1940–1942)
-File:Standard of the French Community.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Standard of the [[French Community]]
-</gallery>
-==See also==
-* [[Coat of arms of Chad]]
-==References==
-{{Reflist|30em}}
-==External links==
-{{commons category|Flags of Chad}}
-*{{FOTW|id=td|title=Chad}}
-{{clear}}
-{{Africa topic|Flag of|title=[[Flags of Africa]]}}
-{{nationalflags}}<!-- to edit this table, go to [[Template:Nationalflags]] -->
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Chad, Flag of}}
-[[:Category:Flags introduced in 1959]]
-[[:Category:National symbols of Chad|Flag]]
-[[:Category:Flags of Africa]]
-[[:Category:National flags|Chad]]
-[[:Category:Tricolor flags]]
-[[:Category:Vertically symmetrical flags]]
-[[:Category:Flags with blue, red and yellow]]