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{{Short description|Polish prose writer, playwright, essayist and publicist}}
[[File:Jerzy_Broszkiewicz.jpg|thumb|Jerzy Broszkiewicz]]

'''Jerzy Broszkiewicz''' (June 6, 1922 – October 4, 1993) was a Polish writer, playwright, essayist and publicist. He is best known for his dramas as well as [[young adult literature]]; the latter usually took forms of historical or [[science fiction]] novels.<ref name=":14">{{cite web|access-date=2023-10-12 |date=2003 |editor=Jadwiga Czachowska |others=Alicja Szałagan (red.) |page=289 |title=Współcześni polscy pisarze i badacze literatury. Słownik biobibliograficzny. T. 1, A – B |url=https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/80114}}<!-- auto-translated from Polish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
{{Infobox artist
| image = Jerzy Broszkiewicz.jpg
| caption = Photograph from c. 1948
| birth_date = {{birth date|1922|06|06}}
| birth_place = [[Lviv]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1993|10|04|1922|06|06}}
| death_place = [[Kraków]]
| nationality = [[Poland|Polish]]
| known_for = [[novel]]s, [[drama]]s, [[science fiction]]
| notable_works = {{ill|Wielka, większa i największa|lt=''Wielka, większa i największa''|pl|Wielka, większa i największa}}<br />{{ill|Ci z Dziesiątego Tysiąca|lt=''Ci z Dziesiątego Tysiąca''|pl|Ci z Dziesiątego Tysiąca}}
| awards = [[Order of Polonia Restituta]]<br />[[Warsaw Uprising Cross]]<br />[[Medal of the 40th Anniversary of People's Poland]]<br />[[Order of the Smile]]
}}
'''Jerzy Broszkiewicz''' (June 6, 1922 – October 4, 1993)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oramus |first=Marek |author-link=Marek Oramus |year=1993 |title=Jerzy Broszkiewicz |url= |journal=[[Fantastyka|Nowa Fantastyka]] |language=pl |volume=12 |issue=135 |page=75 |pages= |issn=0867-132X}}</ref> was a Polish prose writer, playwright, essayist and publicist. He is best known for his dramas as well as [[young adult literature]]; the latter usually took forms of historical or [[science fiction]] novels.<ref name=":14">{{cite web |date=2003 |editor=Jadwiga Czachowska |others=Alicja Szałagan (red.) |title=Współcześni polscy pisarze i badacze literatury. Słownik biobibliograficzny. T. 1, A – B |trans-title=Contemporary Polish Writers and Literary Scholars: A Biobibliographical Dictionary. Vol. 1, A – B |url=https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/80114 |access-date=2023-10-12 |page=289 |language=pl}}<!-- auto-translated from Polish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>

== Biography ==
He was born on 6 June 1922 in [[Lviv]]; his father, Adam, was an officer in the [[Polish Armed Forces (Second Polish Republic)|Polish Armed Forces]].<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Brzeska-Smerek |first=Teresa |url=https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=xSjzAAAAMAAJ&q=S%C5%82ownik+literatury+dzieci%C4%99cej+i+m%C5%82odzie%C5%BCowej&dq=S%C5%82ownik+literatury+dzieci%C4%99cej+i+m%C5%82odzie%C5%BCowej&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y |title=Słownik literatury dziecięcej i młodzieżowej |date=2002 |publisher=Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolinskich |isbn=978-83-04-04606-1 |editor-last=Baluch |editor-first=Alicja |pages=50–51 |language=pl |trans-title=Dictionary of Children's and Young Adult Literature |chapter=Broszkiewicz, Jerzy |editor-last2=Leszczyński |editor-first2=Grzegorz |editor-last3=Tylicka |editor-first3=Barbara}}</ref> From 1934, he was a student at the {{Interlanguage link|Jan Długosz Gymnasium|pl|IV Państwowe Gimnazjum im. Jana Długosza we Lwowie}} in Lviv.<ref name=":14" /> In 1940, after finishing secondary school and music school, he entered the [[Lviv National Music Academy]].<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":0" /> During the German occupation of Lviv (from 1941 to 1944), he participated in underground cultural activities (literary evenings, concerts);<ref name=":14" /> he was also a [[louse-feeder]] at the [[Lviv Institute for Typhus and Virus Research]] under Professor [[Rudolf Weigl]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alphabetical list of 507 persons employed in Prof. Rudolf Stefan Weigl Institute (1939 – 1944) and professions of some of them after WWII |url=https://www.lwow.com.pl/weigl/weiglowcy.html |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=www.lwow.com.pl |language=en, pl}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Jerzy Broszkiewicz {{!}} Życie i twórczość {{!}} Artysta |trans-title=Jerzy Broszkiewicz {{!}} Life and Work {{!}} Artist |url=https://culture.pl/pl/tworca/jerzy-broszkiewicz |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=Culture.pl |language=pl}}</ref>

In 1944, he married Ewa Łomnicka and moved to [[Kraków]],<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":1" /> where he lived in the famous {{Interlanguage link|Literary House|pl|Dom Literatów w Krakowie}} at 22 Krupnicza Street.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> For some time, he studied at the [[Academy of Music in Kraków|Academy of Music]] but discontinued his studies in 1945<ref name=":14" /> (although {{Interlanguage link|Stanisław Frycie|pl|Stanisław Frycie}} and {{Interlanguage link|Tadeusz Kwiatkowski|pl|Tadeusz Kwiatkowski (prozaik)}} described him as a “promising pianist”).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Frycie |first=Stanisław |url=https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=509OygAACAAJ&dq=Leksykon+literatury+dla+dzieci+i+m%C5%82odziezy&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y |title=Leksykon literatury dla dzieci i młodzieży |date=2007 |publisher=Naukowe Wydawnictwo Piotrkowskie |isbn=978-83-89935-24-3 |pages=85–88 |language=pl |trans-title=Lexicon of Children's and Young Adult Literature}}</ref> From that year, he was a member of the [[Polish Writers' Union]] (from 1957 to 1958, he was vice-president of the main board; from 1973, he was a member of the Kraków branch board of the union, and in 1975, its vice-president).<ref name=":14" /> From 1945 to 1947, he collaborated with the editorial office of the weekly ''{{Interlanguage link|Odrodzenie (magazine)|lt=Odrodzenie|pl|Odrodzenie (tygodnik)}}'' (including as a proofreader and theater critic) and the journal ''{{Interlanguage link|Teatr (magazine)|lt=Teatr|pl|Teatr (czasopismo)}}''. He also worked with the newspapers ''{{Interlanguage link|Nowiny (magazine)|lt=Nowiny|pl|Nowiny (dziennik rzeszowski)}}'' and ''[[Dziennik Polski]]'' (from 1945 to 1946).<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Chmielewska |first=Małgorzata |title=Leksykon polskich pisarzy muzycznych XX wieku |date=2008 |publisher=Wydawnictwo Polskie |isbn=978-83-922684-2-0 |location=Wołomin |language=pl |trans-title=Lexicon of 20th-Century Polish Music Writers |chapter=Broszkiewicz Jerzy Stefan}}</ref> From 1947 to 1949, he co-edited the magazine ''{{Interlanguage link|Ruch Muzyczny|lt=|pl|Ruch Muzyczny}}'', and later, from 1948 to 1951, he was an editor for the monthly ''{{Interlanguage link|Muzyka (magazine)|lt=Muzyka|pl|Muzyka (miesięcznik)}}''.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />

In 1948, he moved to [[Warsaw]].<ref name=":14" /> From 1950 to 1951, he hosted a weekly cultural program on the radio and later was a writer for radio plays.<ref name=":14" /> From 1950 to 1963, he published in ''{{Interlanguage link|Nowa Kultura|lt=|pl|Nowa Kultura (1950–1963)}}'' and ''{{Interlanguage link|Przegląd Kulturalny|lt=|pl|Przegląd Kulturalny}}'' (where he was a member of the editorial board from 1953).<ref name=":14" /> From 1953 to 1954, he edited the artistic-literary supplement in ''[[Sztandar Młodych]]'' called ''Przedpole''.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":2" /> In 1953, he joined the [[Polish United Workers' Party]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |title=Kto jest kim w Polsce 1984: informator biograficzny |date=1984 |publisher=Interpress |isbn=978-83-223-2073-0 |editor-last=Becela |editor-first=Lidia |edition=1 |location=Warsaw |language=pl |trans-title=Who’s Who in Poland 1984: Biographical Directory}}</ref> and in the same year, he became a member of the editorial board of ''Przegląd Kulturalny'', where he was a co-editor until 1963.<ref name=":0" /> From 1955 to 1956, he was the artistic director of the Estrada Theatre.<ref name=":1" /> In 1959, he returned to Kraków; from that year until 1971, he was the literary manager of the [[Ludowy Theatre]] in [[Nowa Huta]].<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":0" /> In 1960, he wrote for ''[[Gazeta Krakowska|Gazeta Krakówska]]''.<ref name=":14" /> In 1975, he became a member of the Kraków Polish United Workers' Party Committee and a member of the presidium of the Kraków club Kużnica.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":2" />

=== Private life ===
His wife, Ewa (née Łomnicka), was a doctor in psychiatry and the daughter of the renowned mathematician [[Antoni Łomnicki]]. They had one daughter, Irena (1954–2021), the prototype for Iki from the novel ''Wielka, większa i największa'' (''The Great, Greater, and Greatest''), a doctor of mathematics and artist from [[Piwnica pod Baranami]].<ref name=":1" />
[[File:Grób_Jerzego_Broszkiewicza.jpg|link=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gr%C3%B3b_Jerzego_Broszkiewicza.jpg|thumb|Grave of Jerzy Broszkiewicz at the [[Rakowicki Cemetery]] in [[Kraków]]]]
He suffered from [[schizophrenia]].<ref name=":14" /> He died on 4 October 1993 in Kraków.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":0" /> He was buried in the Alley of Merit at the [[Rakowicki Cemetery]] (section LXIX, row B-2-2).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lokalizator Grobów - Zarząd Cmentarzy Komunalnych |trans-title=Grave Locator - Municipal Cemetery Management |url=https://zck-krakow.pl/locator |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=zck-krakow.pl |language=pl}}</ref>

== Career ==
His literary work was diverse.<ref name=":0" /> He made his debut in 1945 as a music critic<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Frycie |first=Stanisław |url=https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=c4wYAAAAMAAJ&q=Nowy+s%C5%82ownik+literatury+dla+dzieci+i+mlodziezy&dq=Nowy+s%C5%82ownik+literatury+dla+dzieci+i+mlodziezy&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y |title=Nowy słownik literatury dla dzieci i młodzieży: pisarze, książki, serie, ilustratorzy, przegląd bibliograficzny |date=1979 |publisher=Wiedza Powszechna |isbn=978-83-214-0018-1 |editor-last=Kuliczkowska |editor-first=Krystyna |pages=52–53 |language=pl |trans-title=New Dictionary of Children's and Young Adult Literature: Writers, Books, Series, Illustrators, Bibliographic Review |chapter=Broszkiewicz, Jerzy |editor-last2=Tylicka |editor-first2=Barbara}}</ref> and simultaneously as a writer with the short story ''Monika'', published in the weekly ''Odrodzenie'' (No. 18).<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":4" /> His book debut was the novel ''Oczekiwanie'' (''Expectation''), set in the ghetto,<ref name=":0" /> for which he received the Kraków Land Award.<ref name=":14" />

Another significant work was the repeatedly reissued novel ''Kształt miłości'' (''The Shape of Love'') about [[Frédéric Chopin]],<ref name=":0" /> for which he received the State Award of the 2nd degree in 1951. In 1971, the novel ''Długo i szczęśliwie'' (''Happily Ever After'') won the [[Association of Trade Unions]] Award.<ref name=":14" /> ''{{Interlanguage link|Kluska, Kefir i Tutejszy|lt=|pl|Kluska, Kefir i Tutejszy}}'' (''Dumpling, Kefir, and the Local'') was distinguished at the IV Premio Europeo in 1968.<ref name=":0" />

He authored 14 novels for young readers, debuting with ''Opowieść olimpijska'' (''Olympic Tale'') in 1948, although most of his novels for younger audiences were written in the 1960s and 1970s.<ref name=":0" /> His earlier works in this genre were often biographical. Many of his later works belong to the science fiction genre, which Frycie considered the most significant part of his oeuvre.<ref name=":2" /> Notably, ''{{Interlanguage link|Wielka, większa i największa|lt=|pl|Wielka, większa i największa}}'' (''The'' ''Great, Greater, and Greatest'') from 1960 received high praise from critics<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kuliczkowska |first=Krystyna |year=1967 |title=W świecie fantazji, marzeń i iluzji |trans-title=In the World of Fantasy, Dreams, and Illusions |journal=Miesięcznik Literacki |language=pl |volume=12}}</ref> and became a [[compulsory reading]] book for fifth grade.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Leszczyński |first=Grzegorz |url=https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=xSjzAAAAMAAJ&q=S%C5%82ownik+literatury+dzieci%C4%99cej+i+m%C5%82odzie%C5%BCowej&dq=S%C5%82ownik+literatury+dzieci%C4%99cej+i+m%C5%82odzie%C5%BCowej&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y |title=Słownik literatury dziecięcej i młodzieżowej |date=2002 |publisher=Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolinskich |isbn=978-83-04-04606-1 |editor-last=Baluch |editor-first=Alicja |pages=412–413 |language=pl |trans-title=Dictionary of Children's and Young Adult Literature |chapter=Wielka, większa i największa |trans-chapter=The Great, Greater, and the Greatest |editor-last2=Leszczyński |editor-first2=Grzegorz |editor-last3=Tylicka |editor-first3=Barbara}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jędrych |first=Karolina |url=https://rebus.us.edu.pl/handle/20.500.12128/2823 |title=Lektury w programach dla szkoły podstawowej z lat 1949–1989 |publisher=Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego |year=2014 |isbn=978-83-226-2209-4 |location=Katowice |page=217 |language=pl |trans-title=Reading Lists in Primary School Programs from 1949–1989}}</ref> According to Frycie, in his works for young adults, Broszkiewicz ''exposed moral values such as resourcefulness, wisdom, nobility, and courage, and combined various narrative techniques, genres, and literary conventions''.<ref name=":2" />

In addition to this, he also wrote well-received dramas, being a multiple winner of drama competitions.<ref name=":5" /> He penned over 20 theatrical, television, and radio plays.<ref name=":1" /> He also wrote collections of essays,<ref name=":1" /> television<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jerzy Broszkiewicz |url=https://filmpolski.pl/fp/index.php?osoba=118902 |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=FilmPolski |language=pl}}</ref> and film scripts<ref name=":1" /> (e.g., ''Kopernik'' [''Copernicus'']), and publications on music.<ref name=":1" /> Some of his plays were produced abroad, including in France, Germany, Switzerland, Mexico, New Zealand, and the US.<ref name=":1" /> Broszkiewicz's works have been translated into at least 20 languages, and the total print run of his novels exceeded 1 million copies.<ref name=":1" />

Frycie described Broszkiewicz as ''an exceptionally talented and versatile writer''.<ref name=":2" />

Broszkiewicz also helped in writing the debut novels of [[Sat-Okh]]: ''Ziemia słonych skał'' (''Land of Salty Rocks'', 1958) and ''Biały mustang'' (''White Mustang'', 1959). According to {{Interlanguage link|Dariusz Rosiak|lt=|pl|Dariusz Rosiak}}, Broszkiewicz was even their actual undisclosed author based on Sat-Okh's stories.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Podsiadło |first=Jacek |date=27 August 2024 |title=Polski Indianin Sat-Okh. Nie ma drugiej takiej ściemy |trans-title=The Polish Native American Sat-Okh. There’s No Other Hoax Like It |url=https://wyborcza.pl/7,75517,31223557,uszy-otwarte-na-lenina-czyli-jak-zrobic-wszystkich-w-mustanga.html#S.others-K.C-B.2-L.6.maly |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=wyborcza.pl |language=pl}}</ref>

=== Young adult novels ===

* ''Opowieść olimpijska'' (''The Olympic Tale'') – 1948
* ''Opowieść o Chopinie'' (''The Tale of Chopin'') – 1950; adaptation of ''Kształt miłości'' (''Shape of Love'')
* ''Jacek Kula'' – 1952
* ''Powrót do jasnej polany'' (''Return to the Sunny Meadow'') – 1953
* ''Emil! Emil!'' – 1954
* ''{{Interlanguage link|Wielka, większa i największa|lt=|pl|Wielka, większa i największa}}'' (''The Great, Greater, and Greatest'') – [[Nasza Księgarnia]], 1960; reading for fifth grade during the [[Polish People's Republic]] era; based on which a feature film was made
* {{ill|Ci z Dziesiątego Tysiąca|lt=''Ci z Dziesiątego Tysiąca''|pl|Ci z Dziesiątego Tysiąca}} (''Those from the Tenth Thousand'') – Nasza Księgarnia, 1962; science fiction
* ''Oko Centaura'' (''The Eye of the Centaur'') – Nasza Księgarnia, 1964; science fiction; sequel to ''Those from the Tenth Thousand''
* ''{{ill|Długi deszczowy tydzień|lt=|pl|Długi deszczowy tydzień}}'' (''A Long Rainy Week'') – Nasza Księgarnia, 1966; sequel to ''Great, Greater, and Greatest''; published in the ''{{ill|Biblioteka Młodych|lt=|pl|Biblioteka Młodych (seria międzywydawnicza)}}'' (''Young Readers' Library'') collection
* ''{{Interlanguage link|Kluska, Kefir i Tutejszy|lt=|pl|Kluska, Kefir i Tutejszy}}'' (''Dumpling, Kefir, and the Local'') – Nasza Księgarnia, 1967
* ''{{Interlanguage link|Mój księżycowy pech|lt=|pl|Mój księżycowy pech}}'' (''My Lunar Misfortune'') – science fiction; Nasza Księgarnia, 1970, in the ''{{Interlanguage link|Klub Siedmiu Przygód|lt=|pl|Klub Siedmiu Przygód}}'' (''Seven Adventures Club'') series and Nasza Księgarnia, 1976, in the ''Biblioteka Młodych'' collection
* ''{{Interlanguage link|Mister Di|lt=|pl|Mister Di}}'' – Nasza Księgarnia, 1972
* ''Samotny podróżny'' (''The Lonely Traveler'') – 1973; provided the basis for the series ''Kopernik'' (''Copernicus'') with [[Andrzej Kopiczyński]]; 19 February 1973 marked the 500th anniversary of the astronomer's birth
* ''Bracia Koszmarek, magister i ja'' (''The Koszmarek Brothers, the Master, and I'') – 1980

=== Other novels ===

* ''Oczekiwanie'' (''Expectation'') – 1948
* ''Kształt miłości'' (''The Shape of Love'') – Part I, 1950, Part II, 1951; based on which the feature film ''[[Youth of Chopin]]'' was made<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" />
* ''Imiona władzy'' (''Names of Power'') – 1957
* ''Długo i szczęśliwie'' (''Happily Ever After'') – 1970
* ''Dziesięć rozdziałów'' (''Ten Chapters'') – 1971–1974
* ''Doktor Twardowski'' (''Doctor Twardowski'') – 1977–1979

=== Dramas ===

* ''Imiona władzy'' (''Names of Power'') – 1957
* ''Jonasz i błazen'' (''Jonah and the Jester'') – 1958
* ''Dwie przygody Lemuela Gulliwera'' (''Two Adventures of Lemuel Gulliver'')
* ''Dziejowa rola Pigwy'' (''The Historical Role of Pigwa'') – 1960
* ''Skandal w Hellbergu'' (''Scandal in Hellberg'') – 1961
* ''Głupiec i inni'' (''The Fool and Others'')
* ''Koniec księgi VI'' (''The End of Book VI'')

=== Publications ===

* {{Cite book |title=Pożegnanie z katechizmem |publisher=Iskry |year=1958 |volume=III |location=Warsaw |language=pl |trans-title=Farewell to the Catechism}}

== Private life ==
He lived in the [[Krowodrza]] district of Kraków. He was married to Dr. Ewa (1920–2000), daughter of [[Antoni Łomnicki]], who was a psychiatrist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr hab. Ewa Broszkiewicz |url=https://nauka-polska.pl/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=nauka-polska.pl |language=pl}}</ref> They had a daughter, Irena Broszkiewicz (1954–2021), a mathematician associated with {{Interlanguage link|Piotr Ferster|lt=|pl|Piotr Ferster}}, the director of [[Piwnica pod Baranami]].<ref name=":1" />

== Orders and decorations ==

* Commander's Cross of the [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] (1975)<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":4" />
* Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
* Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1954<ref name=":14" /> or 11 July 1955)<ref>{{Cite web |title=M.P. z 1955 r. nr 91, poz. 1144 |trans-title=Journal of Laws of 1955, No. 91, item 1144 |url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP19550911144 |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=isap.sejm.gov.pl |language=pl}}</ref>
* [[Warsaw Uprising Cross]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jerzy Broszkiewicz |url=https://nekrologi.wyborcza.pl/0,11,,424753,Jerzy-Broszkiewicz-inne.html |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=nekrologi.wyborcza.pl |language=pl}}</ref>
* [[Medal of the 40th Anniversary of People's Poland]] (1984)<ref>{{Cite journal |date=19 July 1984 |title=Uznanie dla twórców kultury |trans-title=Recognition for Cultural Creators |journal=Trybuna Robotnicza |language=pl |issue=170 |pages=1–2}}</ref>
* Medal of the 10th Anniversary of People's Poland (19 January 1955)<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 1955 |title=M.P. z 1955 r. nr 101, poz. 1400 |trans-title=Official Journal of the Polish People's Republic from 1955, No. 101, Item 1400 |url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP19551011400 |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=isap.sejm.gov.pl |language=pl}}</ref>
* [[Order of the Smile]]<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Broszkiewicz Jerzy |url=http://orderusmiechu.pl/broszkiewicz-jerzy/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=www.orderusmiechu.pl |language=pl-PL}}</ref>

== Awards ==

* 1948 – Kraków Land Award – for the novel ''Oczekiwanie''<ref name=":5" />
* 1951 – {{Interlanguage link|State Award Badge|pl|Odznaka Nagrody Państwowej}}, Second Class<ref name=":0" /> in the field of Literature and Art – for the novel ''Kształt miłości<ref name=":5" />''
* 1960 – Artistic Award of Nowa Huta – for promoting culture<ref name=":14" /> and overall dramaturgical activity''<ref name=":5" />''
* 1961 – Minister of National Education Award in Kraków<ref name=":14" />
* 1961 – Second Prize in the Kraków City Dramatic Competition – for the play ''Skandal w Hellbergu''<ref name=":1" />
* 1962 – Second Prize in the [[National Council (Poland)|National Council]] Dramatic Competition in [[Bydgoszcz]] – for the play ''Niepokój przed podróżą'' (''Unease Before the Journey'')<ref name=":1" />
* 1964 – First Prize in the Competition for Contemporary Television Drama – for the play ''Ta wieś, Mogiła'' (''That Village, Grave'')<ref name=":1" />
* 1965 – Golden Screen Award for 1964 – for the play ''Ta wieś, Mogiła<ref name=":1" />''
* 1968 – Città di Caorle Award – for the young adult book ''Kluska, Kefir i Tutejszy<ref name=":1" />''
* 1971 – [[Association of Trade Unions]] Award – for the novel ''Długo i szczęśliwie<ref name=":1" />''
* 1974 – [[Prime Minister of Poland|Prime Minister]]’s Award – for work for children and youth<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />''<ref name=":5" />''
* 1979 – Prime Minister’s First-Class Award<ref name=":0" /> for work for children and youth<ref name=":2" /> in the field of literature on the occasion of the 35th anniversary of the Polish People's Republic – for overall literary output<ref name=":1" />
* 1982 – State First-Class Award for overall literary output<ref name=":1" />
* 1984 – Kraków City Award<ref name=":14" />


== References ==
== References ==
Line 7: Line 115:
== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2024<!-- 5 August --> |title=Broszkiewicz, Jerzy |encyclopedia=[[The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction]] |url=https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/broszkiewicz_jerzy |access-date=2024-08-06 |edition=4th |author1-last=Konieczny |author1-first=Piotr |editor1-last=Clute |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Clute |editor2-first=David |editor2-last=Langford |editor2-link=David Langford |editor3-link=Graham Sleight |editor3-first=Graham |editor3-last=Sleight}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2024<!-- 5 August --> |title=Broszkiewicz, Jerzy |encyclopedia=[[The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction]] |url=https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/broszkiewicz_jerzy |access-date=2024-08-06 |edition=4th |author1-last=Konieczny |author1-first=Piotr |editor1-last=Clute |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Clute |editor2-first=David |editor2-last=Langford |editor2-link=David Langford |editor3-link=Graham Sleight |editor3-first=Graham |editor3-last=Sleight}}

{{Poland-writer-stub}}


[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:1922 births]]

Revision as of 00:19, 9 September 2024

Jerzy Broszkiewicz
Photograph from c. 1948
Born(1922-06-06)June 6, 1922
Lviv
DiedOctober 4, 1993(1993-10-04) (aged 71)
Kraków
NationalityPolish
Known fornovels, dramas, science fiction
Notable workWielka, większa i największa
Ci z Dziesiątego Tysiąca
AwardsOrder of Polonia Restituta
Warsaw Uprising Cross
Medal of the 40th Anniversary of People's Poland
Order of the Smile

Jerzy Broszkiewicz (June 6, 1922 – October 4, 1993)[1] was a Polish prose writer, playwright, essayist and publicist. He is best known for his dramas as well as young adult literature; the latter usually took forms of historical or science fiction novels.[2]

Biography

He was born on 6 June 1922 in Lviv; his father, Adam, was an officer in the Polish Armed Forces.[2][3] From 1934, he was a student at the Jan Długosz Gymnasium [pl] in Lviv.[2] In 1940, after finishing secondary school and music school, he entered the Lviv National Music Academy.[2][3] During the German occupation of Lviv (from 1941 to 1944), he participated in underground cultural activities (literary evenings, concerts);[2] he was also a louse-feeder at the Lviv Institute for Typhus and Virus Research under Professor Rudolf Weigl.[4][5]

In 1944, he married Ewa Łomnicka and moved to Kraków,[2][5] where he lived in the famous Literary House [pl] at 22 Krupnicza Street.[3][5] For some time, he studied at the Academy of Music but discontinued his studies in 1945[2] (although Stanisław Frycie [pl] and Tadeusz Kwiatkowski [pl] described him as a “promising pianist”).[5][6] From that year, he was a member of the Polish Writers' Union (from 1957 to 1958, he was vice-president of the main board; from 1973, he was a member of the Kraków branch board of the union, and in 1975, its vice-president).[2] From 1945 to 1947, he collaborated with the editorial office of the weekly Odrodzenie [pl] (including as a proofreader and theater critic) and the journal Teatr [pl]. He also worked with the newspapers Nowiny [pl] and Dziennik Polski (from 1945 to 1946).[2][3][7] From 1947 to 1949, he co-edited the magazine Ruch Muzyczny [pl], and later, from 1948 to 1951, he was an editor for the monthly Muzyka [pl].[2][3][7]

In 1948, he moved to Warsaw.[2] From 1950 to 1951, he hosted a weekly cultural program on the radio and later was a writer for radio plays.[2] From 1950 to 1963, he published in Nowa Kultura [pl] and Przegląd Kulturalny [pl] (where he was a member of the editorial board from 1953).[2] From 1953 to 1954, he edited the artistic-literary supplement in Sztandar Młodych called Przedpole.[2][6] In 1953, he joined the Polish United Workers' Party,[8] and in the same year, he became a member of the editorial board of Przegląd Kulturalny, where he was a co-editor until 1963.[3] From 1955 to 1956, he was the artistic director of the Estrada Theatre.[5] In 1959, he returned to Kraków; from that year until 1971, he was the literary manager of the Ludowy Theatre in Nowa Huta.[2][3] In 1960, he wrote for Gazeta Krakówska.[2] In 1975, he became a member of the Kraków Polish United Workers' Party Committee and a member of the presidium of the Kraków club Kużnica.[2][6]

Private life

His wife, Ewa (née Łomnicka), was a doctor in psychiatry and the daughter of the renowned mathematician Antoni Łomnicki. They had one daughter, Irena (1954–2021), the prototype for Iki from the novel Wielka, większa i największa (The Great, Greater, and Greatest), a doctor of mathematics and artist from Piwnica pod Baranami.[5]

Grave of Jerzy Broszkiewicz at the Rakowicki Cemetery in Kraków

He suffered from schizophrenia.[2] He died on 4 October 1993 in Kraków.[2][3] He was buried in the Alley of Merit at the Rakowicki Cemetery (section LXIX, row B-2-2).[9]

Career

His literary work was diverse.[3] He made his debut in 1945 as a music critic[3][10] and simultaneously as a writer with the short story Monika, published in the weekly Odrodzenie (No. 18).[2][8] His book debut was the novel Oczekiwanie (Expectation), set in the ghetto,[3] for which he received the Kraków Land Award.[2]

Another significant work was the repeatedly reissued novel Kształt miłości (The Shape of Love) about Frédéric Chopin,[3] for which he received the State Award of the 2nd degree in 1951. In 1971, the novel Długo i szczęśliwie (Happily Ever After) won the Association of Trade Unions Award.[2] Kluska, Kefir i Tutejszy [pl] (Dumpling, Kefir, and the Local) was distinguished at the IV Premio Europeo in 1968.[3]

He authored 14 novels for young readers, debuting with Opowieść olimpijska (Olympic Tale) in 1948, although most of his novels for younger audiences were written in the 1960s and 1970s.[3] His earlier works in this genre were often biographical. Many of his later works belong to the science fiction genre, which Frycie considered the most significant part of his oeuvre.[6] Notably, Wielka, większa i największa (The Great, Greater, and Greatest) from 1960 received high praise from critics[11] and became a compulsory reading book for fifth grade.[12][13] According to Frycie, in his works for young adults, Broszkiewicz exposed moral values such as resourcefulness, wisdom, nobility, and courage, and combined various narrative techniques, genres, and literary conventions.[6]

In addition to this, he also wrote well-received dramas, being a multiple winner of drama competitions.[10] He penned over 20 theatrical, television, and radio plays.[5] He also wrote collections of essays,[5] television[14] and film scripts[5] (e.g., Kopernik [Copernicus]), and publications on music.[5] Some of his plays were produced abroad, including in France, Germany, Switzerland, Mexico, New Zealand, and the US.[5] Broszkiewicz's works have been translated into at least 20 languages, and the total print run of his novels exceeded 1 million copies.[5]

Frycie described Broszkiewicz as an exceptionally talented and versatile writer.[6]

Broszkiewicz also helped in writing the debut novels of Sat-Okh: Ziemia słonych skał (Land of Salty Rocks, 1958) and Biały mustang (White Mustang, 1959). According to Dariusz Rosiak [pl], Broszkiewicz was even their actual undisclosed author based on Sat-Okh's stories.[15]

Young adult novels

  • Opowieść olimpijska (The Olympic Tale) – 1948
  • Opowieść o Chopinie (The Tale of Chopin) – 1950; adaptation of Kształt miłości (Shape of Love)
  • Jacek Kula – 1952
  • Powrót do jasnej polany (Return to the Sunny Meadow) – 1953
  • Emil! Emil! – 1954
  • Wielka, większa i największa (The Great, Greater, and Greatest) – Nasza Księgarnia, 1960; reading for fifth grade during the Polish People's Republic era; based on which a feature film was made
  • Ci z Dziesiątego Tysiąca (Those from the Tenth Thousand) – Nasza Księgarnia, 1962; science fiction
  • Oko Centaura (The Eye of the Centaur) – Nasza Księgarnia, 1964; science fiction; sequel to Those from the Tenth Thousand
  • Długi deszczowy tydzień [pl] (A Long Rainy Week) – Nasza Księgarnia, 1966; sequel to Great, Greater, and Greatest; published in the Biblioteka Młodych [pl] (Young Readers' Library) collection
  • Kluska, Kefir i Tutejszy [pl] (Dumpling, Kefir, and the Local) – Nasza Księgarnia, 1967
  • Mój księżycowy pech [pl] (My Lunar Misfortune) – science fiction; Nasza Księgarnia, 1970, in the Klub Siedmiu Przygód [pl] (Seven Adventures Club) series and Nasza Księgarnia, 1976, in the Biblioteka Młodych collection
  • Mister Di [pl] – Nasza Księgarnia, 1972
  • Samotny podróżny (The Lonely Traveler) – 1973; provided the basis for the series Kopernik (Copernicus) with Andrzej Kopiczyński; 19 February 1973 marked the 500th anniversary of the astronomer's birth
  • Bracia Koszmarek, magister i ja (The Koszmarek Brothers, the Master, and I) – 1980

Other novels

  • Oczekiwanie (Expectation) – 1948
  • Kształt miłości (The Shape of Love) – Part I, 1950, Part II, 1951; based on which the feature film Youth of Chopin was made[6][10]
  • Imiona władzy (Names of Power) – 1957
  • Długo i szczęśliwie (Happily Ever After) – 1970
  • Dziesięć rozdziałów (Ten Chapters) – 1971–1974
  • Doktor Twardowski (Doctor Twardowski) – 1977–1979

Dramas

  • Imiona władzy (Names of Power) – 1957
  • Jonasz i błazen (Jonah and the Jester) – 1958
  • Dwie przygody Lemuela Gulliwera (Two Adventures of Lemuel Gulliver)
  • Dziejowa rola Pigwy (The Historical Role of Pigwa) – 1960
  • Skandal w Hellbergu (Scandal in Hellberg) – 1961
  • Głupiec i inni (The Fool and Others)
  • Koniec księgi VI (The End of Book VI)

Publications

  • Pożegnanie z katechizmem [Farewell to the Catechism] (in Polish). Vol. III. Warsaw: Iskry. 1958.

Private life

He lived in the Krowodrza district of Kraków. He was married to Dr. Ewa (1920–2000), daughter of Antoni Łomnicki, who was a psychiatrist.[16] They had a daughter, Irena Broszkiewicz (1954–2021), a mathematician associated with Piotr Ferster [pl], the director of Piwnica pod Baranami.[5]

Orders and decorations

Awards

  • 1948 – Kraków Land Award – for the novel Oczekiwanie[10]
  • 1951 – State Award Badge [pl], Second Class[3] in the field of Literature and Art – for the novel Kształt miłości[10]
  • 1960 – Artistic Award of Nowa Huta – for promoting culture[2] and overall dramaturgical activity[10]
  • 1961 – Minister of National Education Award in Kraków[2]
  • 1961 – Second Prize in the Kraków City Dramatic Competition – for the play Skandal w Hellbergu[5]
  • 1962 – Second Prize in the National Council Dramatic Competition in Bydgoszcz – for the play Niepokój przed podróżą (Unease Before the Journey)[5]
  • 1964 – First Prize in the Competition for Contemporary Television Drama – for the play Ta wieś, Mogiła (That Village, Grave)[5]
  • 1965 – Golden Screen Award for 1964 – for the play Ta wieś, Mogiła[5]
  • 1968 – Città di Caorle Award – for the young adult book Kluska, Kefir i Tutejszy[5]
  • 1971 – Association of Trade Unions Award – for the novel Długo i szczęśliwie[5]
  • 1974 – Prime Minister’s Award – for work for children and youth[3][5][10]
  • 1979 – Prime Minister’s First-Class Award[3] for work for children and youth[6] in the field of literature on the occasion of the 35th anniversary of the Polish People's Republic – for overall literary output[5]
  • 1982 – State First-Class Award for overall literary output[5]
  • 1984 – Kraków City Award[2]

References

  1. ^ Oramus, Marek (1993). "Jerzy Broszkiewicz". Nowa Fantastyka (in Polish). 12 (135): 75. ISSN 0867-132X.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Jadwiga Czachowska, ed. (2003). "Współcześni polscy pisarze i badacze literatury. Słownik biobibliograficzny. T. 1, A – B" [Contemporary Polish Writers and Literary Scholars: A Biobibliographical Dictionary. Vol. 1, A – B] (in Polish). Alicja Szałagan (red.). p. 289. Retrieved 2023-10-12.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Brzeska-Smerek, Teresa (2002). "Broszkiewicz, Jerzy". In Baluch, Alicja; Leszczyński, Grzegorz; Tylicka, Barbara (eds.). Słownik literatury dziecięcej i młodzieżowej [Dictionary of Children's and Young Adult Literature] (in Polish). Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolinskich. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-83-04-04606-1.
  4. ^ "Alphabetical list of 507 persons employed in Prof. Rudolf Stefan Weigl Institute (1939 – 1944) and professions of some of them after WWII". www.lwow.com.pl (in English and Polish). Retrieved 2024-09-08.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Jerzy Broszkiewicz | Życie i twórczość | Artysta" [Jerzy Broszkiewicz | Life and Work | Artist]. Culture.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Frycie, Stanisław (2007). Leksykon literatury dla dzieci i młodzieży [Lexicon of Children's and Young Adult Literature] (in Polish). Naukowe Wydawnictwo Piotrkowskie. pp. 85–88. ISBN 978-83-89935-24-3.
  7. ^ a b Chmielewska, Małgorzata (2008). "Broszkiewicz Jerzy Stefan". Leksykon polskich pisarzy muzycznych XX wieku [Lexicon of 20th-Century Polish Music Writers] (in Polish). Wołomin: Wydawnictwo Polskie. ISBN 978-83-922684-2-0.
  8. ^ a b c Becela, Lidia, ed. (1984). Kto jest kim w Polsce 1984: informator biograficzny [Who’s Who in Poland 1984: Biographical Directory] (in Polish) (1 ed.). Warsaw: Interpress. ISBN 978-83-223-2073-0.
  9. ^ "Lokalizator Grobów - Zarząd Cmentarzy Komunalnych" [Grave Locator - Municipal Cemetery Management]. zck-krakow.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2024-09-08.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Frycie, Stanisław (1979). "Broszkiewicz, Jerzy". In Kuliczkowska, Krystyna; Tylicka, Barbara (eds.). Nowy słownik literatury dla dzieci i młodzieży: pisarze, książki, serie, ilustratorzy, przegląd bibliograficzny [New Dictionary of Children's and Young Adult Literature: Writers, Books, Series, Illustrators, Bibliographic Review] (in Polish). Wiedza Powszechna. pp. 52–53. ISBN 978-83-214-0018-1.
  11. ^ Kuliczkowska, Krystyna (1967). "W świecie fantazji, marzeń i iluzji" [In the World of Fantasy, Dreams, and Illusions]. Miesięcznik Literacki (in Polish). 12.
  12. ^ Leszczyński, Grzegorz (2002). "Wielka, większa i największa" [The Great, Greater, and the Greatest]. In Baluch, Alicja; Leszczyński, Grzegorz; Tylicka, Barbara (eds.). Słownik literatury dziecięcej i młodzieżowej [Dictionary of Children's and Young Adult Literature] (in Polish). Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolinskich. pp. 412–413. ISBN 978-83-04-04606-1.
  13. ^ Jędrych, Karolina (2014). Lektury w programach dla szkoły podstawowej z lat 1949–1989 [Reading Lists in Primary School Programs from 1949–1989] (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. p. 217. ISBN 978-83-226-2209-4.
  14. ^ "Jerzy Broszkiewicz". FilmPolski (in Polish). Retrieved 2024-09-08.
  15. ^ Podsiadło, Jacek (27 August 2024). "Polski Indianin Sat-Okh. Nie ma drugiej takiej ściemy" [The Polish Native American Sat-Okh. There’s No Other Hoax Like It]. wyborcza.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2024-09-08.
  16. ^ "Dr hab. Ewa Broszkiewicz". nauka-polska.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  17. ^ "M.P. z 1955 r. nr 91, poz. 1144" [Journal of Laws of 1955, No. 91, item 1144]. isap.sejm.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  18. ^ "Jerzy Broszkiewicz". nekrologi.wyborcza.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  19. ^ "Uznanie dla twórców kultury" [Recognition for Cultural Creators]. Trybuna Robotnicza (in Polish) (170): 1–2. 19 July 1984.
  20. ^ "M.P. z 1955 r. nr 101, poz. 1400" [Official Journal of the Polish People's Republic from 1955, No. 101, Item 1400]. isap.sejm.gov.pl (in Polish). 19 January 1955. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  21. ^ "Broszkiewicz Jerzy". www.orderusmiechu.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2024-09-09.

Further reading

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