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Ford unveiled the [[facelift (automotive)|facelifted]] sixth generation of the Mustang on January 17, 2017, at a private event in [[New York City]].<ref name="c326">{{cite web | last=Bentley | first=Daniel | title=Ford unveils the all-new 2018 Mustang | website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=January 17, 2017 | url=https://fortune.com/2017/01/17/ford-mustang-2018/ | access-date=November 7, 2024}}</ref><ref name="m938">{{cite web | last=Naughton | first=Keith | title=Ford gives Mustang face lift and performance boost | website=[[Bloomberg News]]| date=January 17, 2017 | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-01-17/ford-gives-mustang-face-lift-and-performance-boost-as-sales-skid | access-date=November 7, 2024}}</ref> Ford equipped the 2018 Mustang with redesigned headlight clusters, updated [[LED light|LED taillights]] and made LED lighting is now standard across all models, including the available LED [[fog light]]s. Ford lowered the Mustang's hood to enhance [[aerodynamics]], which also resulted in thinner headlight clusters and a narrower grille. The 2018 model year Mustang offers [[MagneRide]] [[Shock absorber|dampers]] as part of the optional Performance package, available with any engine. All updated Mustangs also come with new shock absorbers, a cross-axis joint in the rear suspension, and improved [[stabilizer bar]]s.<ref name="r325">{{cite web | last=Ogbac | first=Stefan | title=11 significant changes to the refreshed 2018 Ford Mustang | website=[[Motor Trend]] | date=January 18, 2017 | url=https://www.motortrend.com/features/11-significant-changes-refreshed-2018-ford-mustang/ | access-date=November 7, 2024}}</ref>
Ford unveiled the [[facelift (automotive)|facelifted]] sixth generation of the Mustang on January 17, 2017, at a private event in [[New York City]].<ref name="c326">{{cite web | last=Bentley | first=Daniel | title=Ford unveils the all-new 2018 Mustang | website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=January 17, 2017 | url=https://fortune.com/2017/01/17/ford-mustang-2018/ | access-date=November 7, 2024}}</ref><ref name="m938">{{cite web | last=Naughton | first=Keith | title=Ford gives Mustang face lift and performance boost | website=[[Bloomberg News]]| date=January 17, 2017 | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-01-17/ford-gives-mustang-face-lift-and-performance-boost-as-sales-skid | access-date=November 7, 2024}}</ref> Ford equipped the 2018 Mustang with redesigned headlight clusters, updated [[LED light|LED taillights]] and made LED lighting is now standard across all models, including the available LED [[fog light]]s. Ford lowered the Mustang's hood to enhance [[aerodynamics]], which also resulted in thinner headlight clusters and a narrower grille. The 2018 model year Mustang offers [[MagneRide]] [[Shock absorber|dampers]] as part of the optional Performance package, available with any engine. All updated Mustangs also come with new shock absorbers, a cross-axis joint in the rear suspension, and improved [[stabilizer bar]]s.<ref name="r325">{{cite web | last=Ogbac | first=Stefan | title=11 significant changes to the refreshed 2018 Ford Mustang | website=[[Motor Trend]] | date=January 18, 2017 | url=https://www.motortrend.com/features/11-significant-changes-refreshed-2018-ford-mustang/ | access-date=November 7, 2024}}</ref>


The Active Valve Performance exhaust system was introduced, allowing drivers to adjust the Mustang’s exhaust sound. A heated, leather-wrapped steering wheel was also made available, complementing the optional heated and ventilated front seats. The instrument panel was redesigned with new trim panels offered in four standard finishes, with a carbon fiber option available on certain models. The Performance Package Level 2 option includes a larger radiator, wider Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 tires, Brembo brake calipers (similar to the GT350), upgraded springs, a K-Brace, Strut-Tower Brace, larger sway bar, and unique chassis tuning.
The Active Valve Performance exhaust system was introduced, allowing drivers to adjust the Mustang's exhaust sound.<ref name="y425">{{cite web | last=Smith | first=Evan J. | title=Ford introduces Active Valve Performance exhaust system with quiet exhaust-mode on the 2018 Mustang GT | website=[[Motor Trend]] | date=August 1, 2017 | url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/1708-ford-introduces-active-valve-performance-exhaust-system-quiet-mode-2018-mustang-gt/ | access-date=November 7, 2024}}</ref> A heated, leather-wrapped steering wheel was also made available, complementing the optional heated and ventilated front seats. The instrument panel was redesigned with new trim panels offered in four standard finishes, with a carbon fiber option available on certain models. The Performance Package Level 2 option includes a larger radiator, wider Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 tires, Brembo brake calipers (similar to the GT350), upgraded springs, a K-Brace, Strut-Tower Brace, larger sway bar, and unique chassis tuning.


== Notes ==
== Notes ==

Revision as of 10:04, 7 November 2024

Ford Mustang (S550)
Front three-quarters view of a blue coupe
Overview
ManufacturerFord
Model codeS550
ProductionAugust 2014 – April 2023
Model years2015–2023
AssemblyUnited States: Flat Rock, Michigan (Flat Rock Assembly Plant)
DesignerKemal Curić (exterior)
Sewon Chun, Michael Thomson (interior)
Body and chassis
ClassPony car, muscle car
Body style2-door coupé
2-door convertible
LayoutFront-engine, rear-wheel-drive
PlatformFord D2C
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase107.1 in (2,720 mm)[1]
Length188.5 in (4,788 mm)[2]
188.9–189.7 in (4,798–4,818 mm) (Shelby)[3][4]
Width75.4 in (1,915 mm)[5]
75.9–76.6 in (1,928–1,946 mm) (Shelby)[3][6]
Height54.3–54.9 in (1,379–1,395 mm)[7][8]
53.6–54.2 in (1,361–1,377 mm) (Shelby)[3][9]
Curb weight3,491–4,171 lb (1,583–1,892 kg)[3][10]
Chronology
PredecessorFord Mustang (fifth generation)
SuccessorFord Mustang (seventh generation)

The Ford Mustang (S550) is a pony car that is the sixth generation of the Ford Mustang and was produced from 2014 until it was replaced by the seventh generation in 2023.

The development of the Mustang began in 2009 under the direction of the chief engineer Dave Pericak and exterior design director Joel Piaskowski. In 2010, design management selected an exterior design theme proposal by Kemal Curić. After four years of development, Ford debuted the Mustang at numerous online media events in December 2013, preceding its public unveiling at the Detroit Auto Show in January 2014. Official manufacture of the sixth generation of the Mustang began at the facility in Flat Rock, Michigan, in August 2014. The car was available as both a coupe and a convertible.

Introduced for the 2015 model year[note 1] to replace the fifth generation, the Mustang offered multiple engine configurations, including a 3.7-liter V6 engine, a 2.2-liter inline-four engine, and a 5.0-liter V8 engine for the V6 (discontinued in 2017), EcoBoost, and GT models, respectively. The sixth generation marked the first Mustang to be marketed globally, introducing factory-produced right-hand-drive models alongside the traditional left-hand-drive versions. This was part of the "One Ford" business strategy, which also encompassed models such as the Fiesta, Focus, Fusion/Mondeo, Escape/Kuga, Edge, Transit Connect, and Transit.

Ford released several special editions of the sixth-generation Mustang, including the Shelby GT350 and GT500, the Bullitt edition to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the 1968 film Bullitt, and a model celebrating the Mustang's own 50th anniversary. The car is the recipient of numerous accolades, including Esquire's Car of the Year in 2014, a spot on Car and Driver's 10Best list in 2015 and 2017, and the EyesOn Design award for Best Production Vehicle in 2014. The sixth generation of the Mustang was discontinued in April 2023, with its successor, the S650, beginning production in May.

Background and development

The American automaker[12][13] Ford Motor Company introduced the fifth generation of the Mustang as a concept vehicle at the North American International Auto Show in 2003.[14][15] Designed by Sid Ramnarace,[16] production of the fifth-generation Mustang began in September 2004 at the facility in Flat Rock, Michigan.[17] The vehicle was praised by car critics; an anonymous writer for Motor Trend described it as a "muscle car legend reborn" and called its stance "aggressive, [...] made stronger by wheels pushed to the corners",[18] while John Phillips of Car and Driver called its design "terrific" and its sound "great", believing that its "'60s feel, overt muscularity, and attainable price, delivers similar charisma [to the 1964 Mustang]".[19]

Front three-quarters view of a dark silver coupe
The development of the sixth-generation Mustang began in 2009, coinciding with the facelift of the fifth generation (pictured).

The fifth-generation model was facelifted in early 2009,[20] the same year that development of a new Mustang model.[21][22] The development was led by chief engineer Dave Pericak, with exterior design directed by Joel Piaskowski.[23][24] Several designers produced a range of sketches, which were then narrowed down to three final designs for customer feedback to be provided to Piaskowski. In 2010, design management chose an exterior theme proposal by Kemal Curić, who relocated from Europe to Michigan that year to become the exterior design manager at the Dearborn design studio.[24]

The interior design program for the Mustang launched in spring 2010 under the leadership of Doyle Letson and Scott Strong.[25] Early in the development process, a decision was made to equip this generation with an independent rear suspension (IRS), which had previously been standard on the 1999–2004 SVT Cobra. Initially, the plan was to adapt an IRS to the existing S197 platform, which had even been tested with an IRS during its development. However, the inclusion of the IRS led to several platform modifications, including a redesign of the front suspension.[21][26] An interior design by Sewon Chun, Michael Thomson, and Evan Wilson was selected, and the interior development for the Mustang was completed in June 2012.[25]

Ford presented the sixth-generation Mustang on December 5, 2013, with same-day media events in Dearborn, Michigan, Los Angeles, California, New York City, New York, Barcelona, Spain, Shanghai, China, and Sydney, Australia.[27][28][29] The Mustang made its public debut at the North American International Auto Show in January 2014.[30][31] Over the course of early 2014, the facility in Flat Rock, Michigan, received a US$555 million investment, a portion of which was allocated for Mustang production tooling.[32][33] At the Flat Rock plant, official series manufacture of the sixth-generation Mustang was initiated on August 28, 2014;[34][35] a week before this, right-hand drive models began testing.[36] For the first time in its fifty-year history, the Mustang would be available in 120 countries worldwide—including 25 right-hand drive markets—as part of the company’s "One Ford" initiative.[37][38] Manufacture of the right-hand drive Mustangs began on August 24, 2015.[39]

Design

Front three-quarters view of a light red coupe
Front view of the pre-facelift model

Body

Since its 1964 debut, the Mustang has been classified as both a pony car[40][41] and a muscle car.[42][43] The sixth-generation Mustang is available in both fastback coupe and convertible body styles.[44] Ford incorporated high-strength steel into the chassis and used aluminum for the front fenders and hood, making the new Mustang both stronger and lighter than its predecessor.[45][46] The sixth-generation Mustang has a weight distribution of 52 percent at the front and 48 percent at the rear for the EcoBoost version and 53 percent at the front and 47 percent and the rear for the GT.[45][47] Retaining its predecessor's wheelbase and similar dimensions,[48] the sixth-generation Mustang's front and rear track width have been increased by 15 millimeters (0.59 in) and 70 millimeters (2.8 in), respectively.[49]

Rear three-quarters view of a light red coupe
Rear three-quarters view of a dark red coupe
U.S.-specification models (top) feature red taillights, while export-specification models (bottom) are equipped with clear plastic taillights.

The front fascia of the sixth-generation Mustang was inspired by Ford's Evos concept,[50][51] which was showcased at the Frankfurt Auto Show in 2011.[52][53] The design features "tri-bar" style taillights[54] that illuminate sequentially as turn signals for North American models.[55] The Mustang incorporates three illuminated daytime running lights on the inner portion of each headlight.[56] The taillight lenses on the U.S.-specification model are red, while export-specification Mustangs feature clear plastic lenses with red illumination, illuminating only the outer portion when the turn signals are activated. The domestic version includes hood vents that are not present on the overseas model due to pedestrian safety regulations. Door mirrors may be larger on the export-specification vehicle due to varying design and safety requirements.[57] The Mustang has a trunk capacity of 13.5 cubic feet (380 L) with its seats up.[58]

The Mustang has the capacity to hold four passengers and uses a rear-wheel drive layout with its engine placed at the front.[59][60] The vehicle uses a unibody chassis,[61] and is based upon the D2C platform,[62] which it shares with the previous generation.[63] The purpose-built independent rear suspension system incorporates aluminum in the axle housing and rear control arms. To optimize the benefits of the new rear suspension, the Mustang team also redesigned the front suspension, which now features a non-isolated perimeter subframe and double-ball joint MacPherson strut assemblies. The EcoBoost Performance Pack and base GT feature fixed front four-piston calipers and single-piston rear calipers, while the GT Performance Pack includes six-piston Brembo front calipers with 15-inch rotors and a rear single-piston caliper with a larger 13-inch rotor.[64]

Front three-quarters view of a dark red convertible
Rear three-quarters view of a dark red convertible
Mustang convertible

In addition to the coupe, Ford produced a convertible version of the Mustang. This new top, developed in partnership with supplier Webasto, is completely electric, making it quieter, slimmer, and simpler than the previous electro-hydraulic system. The top raises and lowers in nearly half the time—seven to ten seconds to lower, and nine to twelve seconds to raise, depending on engine-on or battery-only operation—though it operates only at speeds below 3 miles per hour (4.8 km/h). While a power pull-down mechanism was considered for single-button operation, it was deemed too expensive. Improved water and wind seals were also introduced with the new folding top mechanism.[65] The car has a trunk space of 11.4 cubic feet (320 L), 19 percent more than the previous Mustang convertible.[66]

Interior and technology

The Mustang's interior design team developed two full-scale clay models before deciding on the final concept. The first model, an evolution of its predecessor, focused on premium materials. The second, which ultimately influenced the production design, featured an aircraft-inspired theme with a long, wing-shaped aluminum span extending from door to door.[67] The aeronautical theme was chosen not only for its aesthetic appeal but also for its practical design, which allowed for a shallower dashboard—an improvement absent in the alternative concept. Letson noted that, "We came up with this as a first for Ford, which was putting the [knee] airbag in the glove-box door. When we came up with this concept, it slimmed everything up considerably".[67]

A car with black interior in right-hand form.
Interior

Standard features for all sixth-generation Mustangs include proximity key entry with keyless entry, a push-button start system, an AM/FM stereo with a single-disc CD/MP3 player, and a color liquid-crystal display.[68][69][70] Additional features include the Ford Sync system with Bluetooth hands-free phone capabilities, USB/iPod auxiliary audio input jacks, an electronic traction control system, an electronic stability control system, an anti-lock braking system, and a rear backup camera system.[74] The Mustang is equipped with dual-stage driver and passenger seat-mounted side airbags, dual-stage front airbags for both the driver and passenger, curtain airbags for both the first and second rows, driver and passenger knee airbags, and an airbag occupancy sensor.[75]

Optional features include Sirius XM satellite radio, the MyFord Touch—replaced by the Sync 3 in 2016—infotainment system with an eight-inch touchscreen, support for Apple CarPlay and Android Auto (both introduced in 2017), and enhanced voice control.[76][77][78] Additional options included a nine-speaker sound system and a twelve-speaker Shaker Pro surround-sound system.[79][80]

Powertrains

The front V6 engine of a red car
The 3.7-liter V6 with a Roush Performance cold air intake

For its launch for the 2015 model year, the Mustang offered three engine options: a 3.7-liter V6 for the V6 model (discontinued in 2017), a 2.3-liter inline-four for the EcoBoost model, and a 5.0-liter V8 for the GT model.[81][82][note 2]

3.7-liter V6

The 3,726 cc (3.7 L; 227.4 cu in) V6, codenamed Cyclone, was the base engine in the Mustang lineup.[83][84][85] It produces a power output of 300 horsepower (220 kW) at 6,500 revolutions per minute (rpm) and a torque output of 280 pound-feet (380 N⋅m) at 4,000 rpm,[86][81] sufficient to give the car a zero to 60 mph (97 km/h) acceleration of 5.5 seconds and a maximum speed of 124 miles per hour (200 km/h).[83] Compared to the 2014's 3.7-liter engine, the torque peak is 250 rpm lower, and maximum power has decreased by 5 horsepower (3.7 kW).[81]

The Getrag-supplied MT82 six-speed manual transmission has updated low-drag synchronizers and a stiffer linkage for improved shift quality. Ford also redesigned the final drive, incorporating 9.8-inch differential internals within an 8.8-inch casing with a stronger ring, pinion, and housing. Manual-transmission models use an iron differential carrier to handle the high-impact loads of high-rpm shifts, while models with a six-speed automatic transmission models feature an aluminum carrier. Both manual and automatic versions include an aluminum differential cover, with the iron carrier weighing 11 kilograms (24 lb) more than the aluminum one.[81] According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the V6 model has a fuel economy rating of 17 miles per US gallon (14 L/100 km; 20 mpg‑imp) in the city and 28 miles per US gallon (8.4 L/100 km; 34 mpg‑imp) on the highway.[87] The V6 Mustang was discontinued in January 2017 as part of the 2018 model year refresh.[88][89]

2.3-liter I4

The front inline-four engine of a yellow car
The 2.3-liter I4

Ford produced a model with a 2,253 cc (2.3 L; 137.5 cu in) EcoBoost engine.[90] A turbocharged, intercooled, and inline-four engine,[91] it produces 310 horsepower (230 kW) at 5,500 rpm and 320 pound-feet (430 N⋅m) at 2,500 rpm,[92] with an acceleration from zero to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 5.6 seconds and a top speed of 148 miles per hour (238 km/h).[93] It uses the same transmissions as the 3.7-liter V6, but the manual version is 2.3 kilograms (5.1 lb) heavier than the V6, while the automatic is 2.7 kilograms (6.0 lb) lighter.[81] As per the standards of the EPA, the 2.3-liter Mustang has a fuel economy rating of 21 miles per US gallon (11 L/100 km; 25 mpg‑imp) in the city and 32 miles per US gallon (7.4 L/100 km; 38 mpg‑imp) on the highway.[94]

The engine shares layout elements such as bore centers and deck height with other four-cylinder EcoBoost engines but is otherwise largely unique. While the Mustang's 2.3-liter engine resembles the 2.3 found in the Lincoln MKC and the Focus RS, it is installed longitudinally in the Mustang. In contrast, the MKC and Focus feature a transverse installation, requiring differences in components like the engine mounts and intake. The Mustang's EcoBoost engine spins its low-mass turbine to reduce lag and minimize efficiency and power loss from backflow into other cylinders. It also includes direct injection and variable valve timing.[81]

For the 2018 model year facelift, the torque was increased to 350 pound-feet (470 N⋅m); its power output remained the same.[91] A ten-speed 10R80 automatic transmission, co-developed with General Motors and funded by a US$1.4 billion investment in Ford's Livonia transmission plant, entered production in June 2016. This transmission was introduced in the Mustang as part of the 2018 facelift, replacing the previous six-speed model.[91][95][96] The updated 2.3-liter Mustang maintained its fuel economy ratings of 21 miles per US gallon (11 L/100 km; 25 mpg‑imp) and 32 miles per US gallon (7.4 L/100 km; 38 mpg‑imp) in the city and on the highway, respectively.[97] Between the model years 2020 and 2023, Ford produced a High Performance Package of the EcoBoost engine, increasing its power output to 330 horsepower (250 kW).[98]

5.0-liter V8

The engine of the pre-facelift Mustang GT
The engine of the facelift Mustang GT
The 5.0-liter Coyote engine of the pre-facelift Mustang GT (left) and the facelift model (right)

The 4,951 cc (5.0 L; 302.1 cu in) Coyote V8 engine was designed for the GT model.[99][100] The Mustang engineers set the 444-horsepower (331 kW) V8 from the low-volume Boss 302 Mustang as the performance benchmark. The Boss 302's engine included expensive manufacturing features, such as hollow intake valves and sodium-filled exhaust valves, which were impractical for mass production, leading Ford to explore other methods to reach similar power levels. The engine produces 435 horsepower (324 kW) at 6,500 rpm and 400 pound-feet (540 N⋅m) at 4,250 rpm—gains of 15 horsepower (11 kW) and 10 pound-feet (14 N⋅m) over the previous 5.0-liter.[81] The Mustang accelerates from zero to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 4.6 seconds and has a maximum speed of 155 miles per hour (249 km/h).[101][102] It was available with both a six-speed automatic and a six-speed manual.[103] The Mustang GT has a fuel economy rating of 15 miles per US gallon (16 L/100 km; 18 mpg‑imp) in the city and 25 miles per US gallon (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp) on the highway.[94]

For the 2018 model year update, the 5.0-liter V8 engine received updates that included larger valves and a dual injection system that incorporates both direct and port injection.[104] Its engine displacement was increased to 5,038 cc (5.0 L; 307.4 cu in),[105][106] while its power and torque outputs have been increased to 460 horsepower (340 kW) at 7,000 rpm and 420 pound-feet (570 N⋅m) at 4,250 rpm, respectively.[104] The car's maximum speed remains the same, while its zero to 60 mph (97 km/h) acceleration has been reduced to 4.4 seconds.[107] A 2022 model year update decreased its output to 450 horsepower (340 kW) at 7,000 rpm and 410 pound-feet (560 N⋅m) at 4,250 rpm. According to a Ford spokesperson, the changes were implemented to meet more stringent LEV III regulatory emissions requirements.[108]

2018 facelift

Front three-quarters view of a light blue coupe
Rear three-quarters view of a light blue coupe
Front and rear view of the 2018 facelift

Ford unveiled the facelifted sixth generation of the Mustang on January 17, 2017, at a private event in New York City.[109][110] Ford equipped the 2018 Mustang with redesigned headlight clusters, updated LED taillights and made LED lighting is now standard across all models, including the available LED fog lights. Ford lowered the Mustang's hood to enhance aerodynamics, which also resulted in thinner headlight clusters and a narrower grille. The 2018 model year Mustang offers MagneRide dampers as part of the optional Performance package, available with any engine. All updated Mustangs also come with new shock absorbers, a cross-axis joint in the rear suspension, and improved stabilizer bars.[111]

The Active Valve Performance exhaust system was introduced, allowing drivers to adjust the Mustang's exhaust sound.[112] A heated, leather-wrapped steering wheel was also made available, complementing the optional heated and ventilated front seats. The instrument panel was redesigned with new trim panels offered in four standard finishes, with a carbon fiber option available on certain models. The Performance Package Level 2 option includes a larger radiator, wider Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 tires, Brembo brake calipers (similar to the GT350), upgraded springs, a K-Brace, Strut-Tower Brace, larger sway bar, and unique chassis tuning.

Notes

  1. ^ It is common practice in the American automotive industry to introduce a model year's automobile during the previous calendar year.[11]
  2. ^ This list does not include special or limited editions, such as the Mustang Bullitt or Shelby GT350; these are detailed in the subsequent sections.

References

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  3. ^ a b c d "Like lightning". Detroit Free Press. October 29, 2019. p. A9. Retrieved October 30, 2024 – via Newspapers.com. Free access icon
  4. ^ Blake, Mike (June 4, 2017). "2017 Ford Shelby GT30". The Patriot-News. p. 57. Retrieved October 30, 2024 – via Newspapers.com. Free access icon
  5. ^ "Mustang brings out the emotions". February 11, 2016. p. C1. Retrieved October 30, 2024 – via Newspapers.com. Free access icon
  6. ^ Stafford, Eric (November 22, 2021). "2022 Ford Mustang Shelby GT500". Car and Driver. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
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  12. ^ Ciment 2015, p. 81.
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  14. ^ DeLorenzo 2004, p. 44.
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  22. ^ Mueller 2022, p. 275.
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  24. ^ a b Mueller 2022, p. 280.
  25. ^ a b Sey, Euan; Francis, Trinity (2014). "Interior motives". Car Design News. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
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  30. ^ "Guide to the North American International Auto Show 2014". CBS Detroit. December 14, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
  31. ^ "12 hottest debuts of the 2014 Detroit Auto Show". Car and Driver. January 14, 2014. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
  32. ^ Lingeman, Jake (August 28, 2014). "2015 Ford Mustang production begins in Flat Rock". Autoweek. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
  33. ^ Atiyeh, Clifford (August 28, 2014). "2015 Ford Mustang production has started!". Car and Driver. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
  34. ^ Priddle, Alisa (August 28, 2014). "First 2015 Mustang rolls off line". USA Today. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
  35. ^ Clor 2015, p. 183.
  36. ^ Wernie, Brandon (August 19, 2014). "Ford testing right-hand drive Mustang". Autoweek. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
  37. ^ Clor 2015, p. 181.
  38. ^ Floyd, Mike (November 10, 2014). "The 2015 Ford Mustang is ready to go global". Motor Trend. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
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Sources

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