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==Grammar==
==Grammar==
{{further|[[Filipino grammar]]}}
{{further|[[Filipino grammar]]}}

KWF Chair Ricardo Ma. Nolasco acknowledged that Filipino was [sic] simply Tagalog in syntax and grammar, with no grammatical element or lexicon coming from Iloko, Sinebwano, Ilonggo and other major Philippine languages.


==Orthography==
==Orthography==

Revision as of 05:34, 30 June 2007

Filipino
Native toPhilippines
Native speakers
(as Tagalog)
First language: 24 million Second language: more than 65 million
Total speakers: c.90 million[1]
Latin (Filipino variant)
Official status
Official language in
Philippines
Regulated byKomisyon sa Wikang Filipino
(Commission on the Filipino Language)
Language codes
ISO 639-2fil
ISO 639-3fil

Filipino (formerly Pilipino) is the national and an official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. It is an Austronesian language that is the de facto standardized version of Tagalog, though is de jure distinct from it. Sometimes the language is incorrectly used as the generic name for all the languages of the Philippines.

The Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, the regulating body of Filipino, envisions a process of popularizing regional dialect usage derived from regional languages, as the foundation of standardizing and intellectualizing a language, based on a lingua franca.

History

On November 13, 1937, the Surian ng Wikang Pambansa (National Language Institute), which selected Tagalog as the basis of a Wikang Pambansâ (national language). The choice of Tagalog was influenced by to the following factors[2]:

  1. Tagalog is widely spoken and is the language most understood in all the regions of the Philippines.
  2. It is not divided into smaller, separate languages as Bisaya is.
  3. Its literary tradition is the richest and the most developed and extensive (mirroring that of the Tuscan dialect of Italian). More books are written in Tagalog than in any other autochthonous Austronesian language.
  4. Tagalog has always been the language of Manila, and the political and economic capital of the Philippines under both Spanish and American rulers.
  5. Tagalog is the language of the Revolution and the Katipunan—two very important incidents in Philippine history.

In 1939, the language became known as Pilipino to dissociate it from the Tagalog ethnic group.[3]

The 1973 Constitution later provided for a separate national language to replace Pilipino, a language which it named Filipino. The pertinent article, though, Article XV, Section 3(2), mentions neither Tagalog nor Pilipino as the basis for Filipino, instead calling on the National Assembly to:

“take steps towards the development and formal adoption of a common national language to be known as Filipino.”

The 1987 Constitution introduced many provisions for the language.[4]

Article XIV, Section 6, omits any mention of Tagalog as the basis for Filipino, and indeed added that:
“as [Filipino] evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.”.
Meanwhile, Article XIV, Section 7 states that:
"Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system."
and:
"The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein."

In May 13, 1992, a resolution[5] further specified that Filipino is the “indigenous written and spoken language of Metro Manila and other urban centers in the Philippines used as the language of communication of ethnic groups (emphasis added).” However, as with the 1973 and 1987 Constitutions, the resolution did not go so far as to identify this language as Tagalog.

Filipino was presented and registered with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and was added to the ISO registry of languages in September 21 2004, with it receiving the ISO 639-2 code fil. The ramifications of this are quite extensive given today's information and communications technology.

Classification

Filipino is considered by Ethnologue[6] to be a variant of Tagalog, a Central Philippine language within the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family.

Grammar

Further information: [[:Filipino grammar]]

KWF Chair Ricardo Ma. Nolasco acknowledged that Filipino was [sic] simply Tagalog in syntax and grammar, with no grammatical element or lexicon coming from Iloko, Sinebwano, Ilonggo and other major Philippine languages.

Orthography

Main article: Filipino orthography

After Filipino received its national language status, Lope K. Santos introduced a new alphabet consisting of 20 letters called ABAKADA in school grammar books called balarilà; A B K D E G H I L M N NG O P R S T U W Y.

The alphabet was expanded in 1976 to include the letters C, CH, F, J, Q, RR, V, X, and Z in order to accommodate words of Spanish and English origin. However, in 1987, the alphabet was reduced from 33 to 28; A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Ñ Ng O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z.

ng and mga

The digraph ng is used in the language. The genitive marker ng and the plural marker mga are abbreviations that are pronounced nang [naŋ] and mangá [mɐ'ŋa].

Phonology

Further information: [[:Filipino phonology]]
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Filipino has 21 phonemes; 16 consonants and five vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel.

Vowels

The vowels of Filipino are:

There are four main diphthongs; /aɪ/, /oɪ/, /aʊ/, and /iʊ/.

Consonants

Below is a chart of Filipino consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word.

Bilabial Dental Palatal Velar Glottal
Stops Voiceless p t k - [ʔ]
Voiced b d g
Affricates Voiceless (ts, ty/tiy) [tʃ]
Voiced (dy/diy) [dʒ]
Fricatives s (sy/siy) [ʃ] h
Nasals m n (ny/niy) [ɲ] ng [ŋ]
Laterals l (ly/liy) [lj]
Flaps r
Semivowels w j

Learning Resources

Many of the following books are published in the Philippines. Many are available on www.amazon.com.

  • By Vito C. Santos
    • New Vicassan's English-Pilipino Dictionary, ISBN 971-27-0349-5
    • Vicassan's Pilipino-English Dictionary, ISBN 971-08-2900-9
    • Vicassan's Pilipino-English Dictionary (Abridged Edition), ISBN 971-27-1707-0
  • By others
    • Learn Filipino: Book One by Victor Eclar Romero ISBN 1-932956-41-7
    • Learn Filipino: Book Two by Victor Eclar Romero ISBN 978-1-932956-42-9
    • Lonely Planet Filipino Tagalog (TravelTalk) ISBN 1-59125-364-0
    • Lonely Planet Pilipino Phrasebook ISBN 0-86442-432-9
    • UP Diksyonaryong Filipino by Virgilio Armario (ed.) ISBN 971-8781-98-6, and ISBN 971-8781-99-4
    • English-Pilipino Dictionary, Conuelo T. Panganiban, ISBN 971-08-5569-7
    • Diksyunaryong Filipino - English, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, ISBN 971-8705-20-1
    • Il Nuovo Dizionario Filippino: Italiano-Tagalog/Tagalog-Italiano (English: The New Philippine Dictionary), by Dominador Limeta ISBN: 9710866176

References

  1. ^ "Educational Characteristics of the Filipinos". Philippines. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
  2. ^ Paraluman Aspillera (1993). "Pilipino: The National Language, a historical sketch". from Basic Tagalog for Foreigners and Non-Tagalogs, Charles E. Tuttle Publishing Co., Inc., Tokyo. Retrieved 2007-03-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)<
  3. ^ Andrew Gonzalez (1998). "The Language Planning Situation in the Philippines" (PDF). Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 19 (5, 6). Retrieved 2007-03-24. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |year= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)(p.487)
  4. ^ "1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XIV, Sections 6-9". Chanrobles Law Library. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
  5. ^ "Resolusyon Blg. 92-1" (in Filipino). Komisyon Wikang Filipino. 13 May, 1992. Retrieved 2007-03-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ "Filipino: A language of the Philippines". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2007-06-26.
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