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The term has been used by right-wing bloggers, particularly after similar [[2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict photographs controversies|assertions of media manipulation]] (e.g. "Hizbollywood") were made during the [[2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict]]. <ref name=Zerbisias>Zerbisias, Antonia. "And Now It's Reutersgate". ''Toronto Star'', August 9, 2006.</ref>
The term has been used by right-wing bloggers, particularly after similar [[2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict photographs controversies|assertions of media manipulation]] (e.g. "Hizbollywood") were made during the [[2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict]]. <ref name=Zerbisias>Zerbisias, Antonia. "And Now It's Reutersgate". ''Toronto Star'', August 9, 2006.</ref>


[[David Frum]], a political commentator and former speechwriter for [[George W. Bush]], has described Landes' work as an exposé of political propaganda, arguing that the footage Landes has compiled reveals "a startling series of faked funerals, staged gun battles, and professional weeping grandmothers. They dub the Palestinian propaganda complex, 'Pallywood,' and ask hard questions about the readiness &mdash; eagerness &mdash; of much of the world media to be deceived."<ref>[[David Frum|Frum, David]]. [http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/issuesideas/story.html?id=48fc4069-cf42-4dbd-ab0e-857ad6142ec3 ''From Gaza, tragedy and propaganda'']. ''National Post'', June 17, 2006.</ref>
Political commentator [[David Frum]] has described Landes' work as an exposé of political propaganda, arguing that the footage Landes has compiled reveals "a startling series of faked funerals, staged gun battles, and professional weeping grandmothers. They dub the Palestinian propaganda complex, 'Pallywood,' and ask hard questions about the readiness &mdash; eagerness &mdash; of much of the world media to be deceived."<ref>[[David Frum|Frum, David]]. [http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/issuesideas/story.html?id=48fc4069-cf42-4dbd-ab0e-857ad6142ec3 ''From Gaza, tragedy and propaganda'']. ''National Post'', June 17, 2006.</ref>


Israeli broadcaster [[Arutz Sheva]] stated in 2006 that "Pallywood" is becoming a "household word," along with "infotainment," to refer to media coverage of the [[Arab-Israeli conflict]].<ref>"There's Something About Qana," ''Arutz Sheva'' (Channel 7), Israel, August 3, 2006.</ref> The [[Mackenzie Institute]], a Canadian "defense and security" [[think tank]], has written that given "a long history of posing for the cameras...the cynical "Pallywood" nickname from once-deceived journalists for PA news services becomes understandable." <ref>[http://www.mackenzieinstitute.com/2006/lies-footage-0706.htm ''Lies, Damned Lies and Footage''], The [[Mackenzie Institute]], Newsletter July, 06.</ref>
Israeli broadcaster [[Arutz Sheva]] stated in 2006 that "Pallywood" is becoming a "household word," along with "infotainment," to refer to media coverage of the [[Arab-Israeli conflict]].<ref>"There's Something About Qana," ''Arutz Sheva'' (Channel 7), Israel, August 3, 2006.</ref> The [[Mackenzie Institute]], a Canadian "defense and security" [[think tank]], has written that given "a long history of posing for the cameras...the cynical "Pallywood" nickname from once-deceived journalists for PA news services becomes understandable." <ref>[http://www.mackenzieinstitute.com/2006/lies-footage-0706.htm ''Lies, Damned Lies and Footage''], The [[Mackenzie Institute]], Newsletter July, 06.</ref>
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==Examples of "Pallywood" allegations==
==Examples of "Pallywood" allegations==
===Muhammad al-Durrah===
===Muhammad al-Durrah===
[[Muhammad al-Durrah]], a 12-year-old Palestinian, was widely reported to have been killed by Israeli gunfire in the Gaza Strip on [[September 30]] [[2000]] at the beginning of the [[Second Intifada]]. The shooting was recorded by Talal Abu Rahma, a local freelance cameraman and aired on [[France 2]].<ref name="Lappin">Lappin, Yakkov. [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3451821,00.html "Al-Dura footage to air."] ''[[Ynetnews]]''. 20 September 2007. 21 October 2007.</ref> The footage became internationally famous. In ''Pallywood'', Richard Landes questions the authenticity of the footage and disputes whether al-Durrah was killed by Palestinian gunfire or was killed at all<ref name=SecondDraftDura>[http://www.seconddraft.org/aldurah.php "Al-Durah: What happened?"], ''Second Draft''.</ref> - a hypothesis shared by other commentators.<ref name=DuraPallywood>[http://www.honestreporting.com/articles/45884734/critiques/Film_Focus_HR_in_Hollywood_and_Pallywood.asp "Film Focus: HR in Hollywood and 'Pallywood'"], Honestreporting.com.</ref><ref name=Gelernter>Gelernter, David. [http://www.jewishworldreview.com/david/gelernter091205.php3 "When pictures lie"], ''Jewish World Review'', 2003.<!--attributed by likud.nl as a Los Angeles Times editorial; Google News archive picks up no such thing--></ref><ref name=NYTimesFeb05>"Photo of Palestinian Boy Kindles Debate in France, ''The New York Times'', February 7, 2005.</ref><ref name=Cambanis/><ref name="Lappin" /> On November 14, 18 of the 27 minutes were released by France 2 on the orders of a French judge. Some pro-Israel commentators have interpreted the newly-released footage as validating their position, although others disagree with this conclusion.<ref>[http://www.spectator.co.uk/melaniephillips/354621/the-al-durah-blood-libel.html The al Durah blood libel] ''"no evidence that anyone at all was killed or injured"'' Melanie Phillis, Daily Mail 14th Nov 2007.</ref>
[[Muhammad al-Durrah]], a 12-year-old Palestinian, was widely reported to have been killed by Israeli gunfire in the Gaza Strip on [[September 30]] [[2000]] at the beginning of the [[Second Intifada]]. The shooting was recorded by Talal Abu Rahma, a local freelance cameraman and aired on [[France 2]] with narration by [[Charles Enderlin]].<ref name="Lappin">Lappin, Yakkov. [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3451821,00.html "Al-Dura footage to air."] ''[[Ynetnews]]''. 20 September 2007. 21 October 2007.</ref> The footage became internationally famous. In ''Pallywood'', Richard Landes questions the authenticity of the footage and disputes whether al-Durrah was killed by Palestinian gunfire or was killed at all<ref name=SecondDraftDura>[http://www.seconddraft.org/aldurah.php "Al-Durah: What happened?"], ''Second Draft''.</ref> - a hypothesis shared by several other commentators.<ref name=DuraPallywood>[http://www.honestreporting.com/articles/45884734/critiques/Film_Focus_HR_in_Hollywood_and_Pallywood.asp "Film Focus: HR in Hollywood and 'Pallywood'"], Honestreporting.com.</ref><ref name=Gelernter>Gelernter, David. [http://www.jewishworldreview.com/david/gelernter091205.php3 "When pictures lie"], ''Jewish World Review'', 2003.<!--attributed by likud.nl as a Los Angeles Times editorial; Google News archive picks up no such thing--></ref><ref name=NYTimesFeb05>"Photo of Palestinian Boy Kindles Debate in France, ''The New York Times'', February 7, 2005.</ref><ref name=Cambanis/><ref name="Lappin" />

In March 2002, a German TV network broadcast<ref>[http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1991to_now_alaqsa_dura.php Who caused the televised death of 12-year-old Mohammed al-Dura?] ''"supports the alternative: they were shot by Palestinian operatives."'' Verified 16th Nov 2007.</ref> a report of its own investigation into the tragedy, with a different version of events by which the boy was indeed killed - but by Palestinians close to the cameraman. The complimentary Israeli investigation claimed the same thing, that the camera "swings wildly" at the moment of the boy's alleged killing, indicating that loud gun-shots went off next to it.<!-- a random extremist website is not a sufficient source for official IDF investigation conclusions <ref>[http://www.masada2000.org/al-dura.html Summary of a Professional Investigation] ''"noise recorded by the cameraman before the boy was seen dead was of a very near-by weapon"''. Verified 16th Nov 2007.</ref>--> {{cn}}

In September 2007, a French judge ordered France 2 to release all of the footage they have on the incident.<ref name=Cambanis/><ref name="Lappin" />[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7083129.stm] At the November 14th hearing, only 18 minutes of the original 27 minute tape requested was shown and further questions were raised as to the credibility of Enderlin and France 2's insistence that their version of the story is true, as the film showed the boy lifting his hand and peering through his fingers moments after Enderlin had narrated his death.<ref name=JTA14>[http://www.jta.org/cgi-bin/iowa/breaking/105344.html 'Raw footage shown in al-Dura case' (JTA) November 14, 2007]</ref><ref name=JTA16>{{cite news| url=http://www.jewishtimes.com/News/7175.stm| title=Raw Footage In Al-Dura Case Raises Doubts| author=Brett Kline| publisher=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]] in Baltimore Jewish Times| date=[[November 16]], [[2007]]| accessdate=2007-11-17}}</ref><ref name=Haaretz15>{{cite news| url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/924440.html| title=French court examines footage of Mohammad al-Dura's death| publisher=[[Haaretz]]| date=[[15 November]], [[2007]]| accessdate=2007-11-16}}</ref> According to [[Melanie Phillips]], the footage makes "...clear to anyone looking at this in detail that the whole thing was staged".<ref>[http://www.spectator.co.uk/melaniephillips/354621/the-al-durah-blood-libel.html The al Durah blood libel] ''"no evidence that anyone at all was killed or injured"'' Melanie Phillips, Daily Mail 14th Nov 2007.</ref>


===Other events===
===Other events===

Revision as of 01:37, 19 November 2007

Pallywood (a portmanteau of "Palestinian" and "Hollywood") is a neologism used to refer to news events alleged to have been staged by Palestinian and other cameramen to portray Israel in an unfavorable light.[1][2][3]

Origin of the term

File:Pallywood cover.jpg
Pallywood, According to Palestinian Sources... an online documentary by Richard Landes.[4]

The word "Pallywood" appeared in a Usenet forum debate in 2002,[5] but Professor Richard Landes of Boston University is credited with having given the term currency in 2005, with his 18-minute documentary Pallywood: According to Palestinian Sources.[4](VIDEO)

In his documentary, Landes shows Arab-Israeli conflict-related footage, mostly taken by freelance Palestinian video journalists but utilising different camera angles to those which were broadcast by the mass media. He argues that Palestinian video journalists have staged scenes for propaganda purposes to create bias against Israel by presenting the Palestinians as helpless victims of Israeli aggression.[6] He believes that what he describes as systematic media manipulation (which he dubs "Pallywood") dates back to at least the 1982 Lebanon War, and argues that broadcasters are too uncritical of the bona fides of Palestinian freelance footage.[7].

Use of the term

The term has been used by right-wing bloggers, particularly after similar assertions of media manipulation (e.g. "Hizbollywood") were made during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict. [8]

Political commentator David Frum has described Landes' work as an exposé of political propaganda, arguing that the footage Landes has compiled reveals "a startling series of faked funerals, staged gun battles, and professional weeping grandmothers. They dub the Palestinian propaganda complex, 'Pallywood,' and ask hard questions about the readiness — eagerness — of much of the world media to be deceived."[9]

Israeli broadcaster Arutz Sheva stated in 2006 that "Pallywood" is becoming a "household word," along with "infotainment," to refer to media coverage of the Arab-Israeli conflict.[10] The Mackenzie Institute, a Canadian "defense and security" think tank, has written that given "a long history of posing for the cameras...the cynical "Pallywood" nickname from once-deceived journalists for PA news services becomes understandable." [11]

Media in the Gaza Strip

German journalist Thorsten Schmitz writes that the world's large news organizations, CNN and ABC News, and news agencies such as Reuters and Associated Press, work almost exclusively with Palestinian cameramen when reporting from the Gaza Strip.[12] Working as a cameraman for the Western media is regarded as one of the most lucrative jobs in the Palestinian areas, Schmitz writes, with some cameramen in the area earning up to $250 U.S. per day, as much as some Palestinian families might earn in six months. Schmitz states that the images intended to portray suffering in Gaza and broadcast by the international media are produced primarily by Palestinians. [12] Richard Landes has argued that the mainstream media are too quick to accept this freelance footage.[7]

Examples of "Pallywood" allegations

Muhammad al-Durrah

Muhammad al-Durrah, a 12-year-old Palestinian, was widely reported to have been killed by Israeli gunfire in the Gaza Strip on September 30 2000 at the beginning of the Second Intifada. The shooting was recorded by Talal Abu Rahma, a local freelance cameraman and aired on France 2 with narration by Charles Enderlin.[13] The footage became internationally famous. In Pallywood, Richard Landes questions the authenticity of the footage and disputes whether al-Durrah was killed by Palestinian gunfire or was killed at all[14] - a hypothesis shared by several other commentators.[15][16][17][3][13]

In March 2002, a German TV network broadcast[18] a report of its own investigation into the tragedy, with a different version of events by which the boy was indeed killed - but by Palestinians close to the cameraman. The complimentary Israeli investigation claimed the same thing, that the camera "swings wildly" at the moment of the boy's alleged killing, indicating that loud gun-shots went off next to it. [citation needed]

In September 2007, a French judge ordered France 2 to release all of the footage they have on the incident.[3][13][1] At the November 14th hearing, only 18 minutes of the original 27 minute tape requested was shown and further questions were raised as to the credibility of Enderlin and France 2's insistence that their version of the story is true, as the film showed the boy lifting his hand and peering through his fingers moments after Enderlin had narrated his death.[19][20][21] According to Melanie Phillips, the footage makes "...clear to anyone looking at this in detail that the whole thing was staged".[22]

Other events

Landes also describes the Battle of Jenin in 2002 [6] as an instance in which "Pallywood" footage has been shown, and Schmitz has made similar arguments regarding an Israeli rocket attack on June 13, 2006 on a car carrying members of Islamic Jihad.[12]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Carvajal, Doreen. "The mysteries and passions of an iconic video frame", International Herald Tribune, Monday, February 7, 2005.
  2. ^ Poller, Nidra. "Al-Dura: The Trial", PoliticsCentral, September 13, 2006.
  3. ^ a b c Cambanis, Thanassis. "Some Shunning The Palestinian Hard Stance." The Boston Globe, September 6, 2005
  4. ^ a b Landes, Richard. Pallywood, According to Palestinian Sources (Windows Media Video), SecondDraft.org. (youtube mirror)
  5. ^ "French Election Upset", rec.arts.sf.fandom, May 15, 2002.
  6. ^ a b Landes, Richard. "Pallywood: History", SecondDraft.org.
  7. ^ a b Stevens, Chris. "A conspiracy theorist's paradise", The Daily Telegraph, April 14, 2007.
  8. ^ Zerbisias, Antonia. "And Now It's Reutersgate". Toronto Star, August 9, 2006.
  9. ^ Frum, David. From Gaza, tragedy and propaganda. National Post, June 17, 2006.
  10. ^ "There's Something About Qana," Arutz Sheva (Channel 7), Israel, August 3, 2006.
  11. ^ Lies, Damned Lies and Footage, The Mackenzie Institute, Newsletter July, 06.
  12. ^ a b c Schmitz, Thorsten. "Der Krieg der Bilder", Sueddeutsche Zeitung, June 16, 2006.
  13. ^ a b c Lappin, Yakkov. "Al-Dura footage to air." Ynetnews. 20 September 2007. 21 October 2007.
  14. ^ "Al-Durah: What happened?", Second Draft.
  15. ^ "Film Focus: HR in Hollywood and 'Pallywood'", Honestreporting.com.
  16. ^ Gelernter, David. "When pictures lie", Jewish World Review, 2003.
  17. ^ "Photo of Palestinian Boy Kindles Debate in France, The New York Times, February 7, 2005.
  18. ^ Who caused the televised death of 12-year-old Mohammed al-Dura? "supports the alternative: they were shot by Palestinian operatives." Verified 16th Nov 2007.
  19. ^ 'Raw footage shown in al-Dura case' (JTA) November 14, 2007
  20. ^ Brett Kline (November 16, 2007). "Raw Footage In Al-Dura Case Raises Doubts". Jewish Telegraphic Agency in Baltimore Jewish Times. Retrieved 2007-11-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ "French court examines footage of Mohammad al-Dura's death". Haaretz. 15 November, 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ The al Durah blood libel "no evidence that anyone at all was killed or injured" Melanie Phillips, Daily Mail 14th Nov 2007.

Further reading

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