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The [[International Taekwondo Federation|International Taekwon-Do Federation]] (ITF) has consistently claimed that ITF Taekwon-Do is the only authentic style of taekwondo, most notably in early sections of its textbooks.<ref name="Franks">Franks, A. (1993): Taekwon-Do and imitators. In H. H. Choi, ''Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence'', 3rd ed. (Vol. 1, pp. 10–11). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.</ref>
The [[International Taekwondo Federation|International Taekwon-Do Federation]] (ITF) has consistently claimed that ITF Taekwon-Do is the only authentic style of taekwondo, most notably in early sections of its textbooks.<ref name="Franks">Franks, A. (1993): Taekwon-Do and imitators. In H. H. Choi, ''Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence'', 3rd ed. (Vol. 1, pp. 10–11). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.</ref>

Choi died on [[15 June]] [[2002]] in Pyongyang, North Korea.<ref name="NYTimes">Goldman, A. L. (29 June 2002): [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9807E5DD113EF93AA15755C0A9649C8B63 Choi Hong Hi, 83, Korean general who created Tae Kwon Do] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved on [[26 December ]] [[2007]].</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 00:10, 26 December 2007

Choi Hong Hi
Born9 November 1918
Korea Hwa Dae, Myong Chun District, Korea
Died15 June 2002
North Korea Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
StyleTaekkyeon, Karate, Oh Do Kwan, Taekwondo
Teacher(s)Han Il Dong (Taekkyeon), Kim Hyun Soo (Karate)
Rank9th dan taekwondo, 2nd dan karate

Template:Korean name

Choi Hong Hi (최홍희; 崔泓熙; 9 November 1918–15 June 2002), widely known as General Choi, was a South Korean army general and martial artist who is a controversial figure in the history of the Korean martial art of taekwondo.[1] Choi is widely credited with starting the spread of taekwondo internationally[1] by stationing South Korean taekwondo instructors around the world, but is also widely claimed (through omission or explicitly) to be either an unimportant, or even dishonourable,[2] figure in taekwondo history.

Choi was born on 9 November 1918 in Hwa Dae, Myong Chun District, in what is now the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.[1] Choi's father sent him to study calligraphy under Han Il Dong, who was also "a master of Taek Kyon, the ancient Korean art of foot fighting" (Park, 1993, p. 241).[1]

In 1937, Choi travelled to Japan for further study.[1] In Kyoto, he met a fellow Korean with the surname Kim, who was a karate instructor and taught Choi this martial art.[1] Choi attained the rank of 1st dan in karate in 1939, and then 2nd dan soon after.[1][2]

Choi combined elements of taekkyeon and karate to develop a martial art that he called "Taekwon-Do" (태권도; 跆拳道), which means "the way of the feet and the hands," and was so named on 11 April 1955.[1][3] Choi founded the Oh Do Kwan, and apparently held an honorary 4th dan ranking in the Chung Do Kwan.[2]

The International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) has consistently claimed that ITF Taekwon-Do is the only authentic style of taekwondo, most notably in early sections of its textbooks.[4]

Choi died on 15 June 2002 in Pyongyang, North Korea.[5]

See also

Notes

^ The spelling of "taekwondo" varies widely in English usage. The WTF and affiliated organisations typically use "taekwondo," while the ITF and affiliated organisations typically use "taekwon-do" (as Choi used this spelling). In Wikipedia, the default spelling is "taekwondo." This article follows this standard, but uses "taekwon-do" when referring specifically to the ITF or affiliated organisations' names.

^ In Park's (1993) article, the note on Choi's promotion to 2nd dan in karate is followed by a note about the outbreak of World War II, which would suggest that Choi's 2nd dan promotion occurred no later than the early stages of that conflict (c. 1939–1940).

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Park, S. W. (1993): About the author. In H. H. Choi, Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence, 3rd ed. (Vol. 1, pp. 241–274). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.
  2. ^ a b Son, D. S. (1959): Letter in Seoul Shinmoon newspaper (16 June 1959) Retrieved on 20 September 2007.
  3. ^ Kim, S. J. (2007): History of Taekwondo Retrieved on 18 September 2007.
  4. ^ Franks, A. (1993): Taekwon-Do and imitators. In H. H. Choi, Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence, 3rd ed. (Vol. 1, pp. 10–11). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.
  5. ^ Goldman, A. L. (29 June 2002): Choi Hong Hi, 83, Korean general who created Tae Kwon Do The New York Times. Retrieved on 26 December 2007.
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