World: Difference between revisions
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The '''World''' is a proper noun for the planet '''[[Earth]]''' envisioned from an anthropocentric or [[human]] [[worldview]], as a place inhabited by [[human beings]]. It is often used to signify the sum of human [[experience]] and [[history]], or the '[[human condition]]' in general.<ref>'This is the excellent foppery of the world...' -- [[Shakespeare]], ''[[King Lear]]'', I.ii</ref> The [[world population]] is over 6.60 billion people.<ref> Updated March, 2008: [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/xx.html CIA's The World Factbook] (see also [[The World Factbook]])</ref> |
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Especially in a [[metaphysics|metaphysical]] context, ''World'' may refer to everything that constitutes [[reality]] and the [[Universe]]: see [[World (philosophy)]]. |
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==Etymology== |
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In [[English language|English]], ''[[:wikt:world|world]]'' may be parsed as rooted in a compound of the obsolete words ''[[were]],'' "man", and ''eld,'' "age"; thus, its etymology may be semantically rendered as "age or life of man".<ref> [http://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE588.html ''American Heritage Dictionary'' ]</ref> |
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==Usage== |
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[[Image:Whole world - land and oceans 12000.jpg|thumb|333px|right|The World in [[Equirectangular projection|plate carrée projection]]]] |
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'World' distinguishes the entire [[planet]] or [[population]] from any particular [[country]] or [[region]]: ''world affairs'' are those which pertain not just to one place but to the whole world, and ''[[world history]]'' is a field of [[history]] which examines events from a [[global]] (rather than a national or a regional) perspective. ''Earth'', on the other hand, refers to the planet as a physical entity, and distinguishes it from other planets and physical objects. |
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<nowiki>'</nowiki>''World''<nowiki>'</nowiki> can also be used attributively, as an [[adjective]], to mean 'global', 'relating to the whole world', forming usages such as [[World community]]. See [[World (adjective)]]. |
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By extension, a <nowiki>'</nowiki>''world''<nowiki>'</nowiki> may refer to any planet or [[heavenly body]], especially when it is thought of as inhabited. |
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<nowiki>'</nowiki>''World''<nowiki>'</nowiki>, when qualified, can also refer to a particular domain of human experience. |
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* The ''world of work'' describes paid work and the pursuit of a career, in all its social aspects, to distinguish it from home life and [[academia|academic]] study. |
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* The ''fashion world'' describes the environment of the designers, [[fashion house]]s and [[consumer]]s that make up the [[fashion industry]]. |
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* The ''[[New World]]'' is a part of the world discovered or colonized by [[Europe]]ans later than other parts; it usually refers to the [[Americas|American]] continents or to [[Australia]]. [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]] and [[Native Australians]] tend to dislike this usage. For them America and Australia are not new. Their ancestors have lived there since [[time immemorial]]. The ''[[Old World]]'' refers, by contrast, to the continents of [[Europe]], [[Asia]] and north [[Africa]]. |
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==Earth== |
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{{Main|Earth}} |
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Earth is the only place in the [[universe]] where [[life]] is known to exist. |
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Scientific evidence indicates that the planet formed [[Age of the Earth|4.54 billion years]] ago,<ref name="age_earth">{{cite book |
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| first=G.B. | last=Dalrymple | year=1991 |
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| title=The Age of the Earth |
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| publisher=Stanford University Press | location=California |
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| id=ISBN 0-8047-1569-6 |
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}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
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| last=Newman |
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| first=William L. |
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| date=[[July 9]], [[2007]] |
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| url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html |
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| title=Age of the Earth |
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| publisher=Publications Services, USGS |
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| accessdate=2007-09-20 |
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}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |
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| last=Dalrymple |
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| first=G. Brent |
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| title=The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved |
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| journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications |
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| year=2001 |
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| volume=190 |
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| pages=205-221 |
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| url=http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/190/1/205 |
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| accessdate=2007-09-20 |
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}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
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| last=Stassen |
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| first=Chris |
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| date=[[September 10]], [[2005]] |
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| url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-age-of-earth.html |
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| title=The Age of the Earth |
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| publisher=The TalkOrigins Archive |
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| accessdate=2007-09-20 |
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}}</ref> and life appeared on its surface within a billion years. Since then, Earth's [[biosphere]] has significantly altered [[Earth's atmosphere|the atmosphere]] and other [[abiotic]] conditions on the planet, enabling the proliferation of [[aerobic organisms]] as well as the formation of the [[ozone layer]] which, together with Earth's [[magnetic field]], blocks harmful radiation, permitting life on land.<ref>{{cite book |
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| first=Roy M. | last=Harrison |
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| coauthors=Hester, Ronald E. | year=2002 |
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| title=Causes and Environmental Implications of Increased UV-B Radiation |
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| publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry |
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| id=ISBN 0854042652 }}</ref> |
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Earth's [[Crust (geology)|outer surface]] is divided into several rigid segments, or [[tectonic plate]]s, that gradually migrate across the surface over periods of [[Geologic time scale|many millions of years]]. About 71% of the surface is covered with [[seawater|salt-water]] [[ocean]]s, the remainder consisting of [[continent]]s and [[island]]s; liquid [[water]], necessary for all known life, is not known to exist on any other planet's surface.<ref>Other planets in the solar system are either too hot or too cold to support liquid water. However, it is confirmed to have existed on the surface of Mars in the past, and may still appear today. See: <cite>{{cite news |
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| author=Msnbc |
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| title=Rover reveals Mars was once wet enough for life |
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| publisher=NASA |
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| date=[[March 2]], [[2007]] |
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| url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4202901/ |
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| accessdate=2007-08-28 }}</cite><cite>{{cite news |
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| author=Staff |
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| title=Simulations Show Liquid Water Could Exist on Mars |
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| publisher=University of Arkansas |
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| date=[[November 7]], [[2005]] |
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| url=http://dailyheadlines.uark.edu/5717.htm |
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| accessdate=2007-08-08 }}</cite></ref><ref>As of 2007, water vapor has been detected in the atmosphere of only one extrasolar planet, and it is a gas giant. See: {{cite journal |
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| last=G. Tinetti et al. |
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| title=Water vapour in the atmosphere of a transiting extrasolar planet |
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| journal=Nature | date=July, 2007 | volume=448 |
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| pages=169-171 | url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v448/n7150/abs/nature06002.html}}</ref> Earth's interior remains active, with a thick layer of relatively solid [[Mantle (geology)|mantle]], a liquid outer core that generates a magnetic field, and a solid iron [[inner core]]. |
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Earth interacts with other objects in [[outer space]], including the [[Sun]] and the [[Moon]]. At present, Earth orbits the Sun once for every roughly 366.26 times it rotates about its axis. This length of time is a [[sidereal year]], which is equal to 365.26 [[solar day]]s.<ref>The number of solar days is one less than the number of [[sidereal day]]s because the orbital motion of the Earth about the Sun results in one additional revolution of the planet about its axis.</ref> The Earth's axis of rotation is [[axial tilt|tilted]] 23.4° away from the [[perpendicular]] to its [[Orbital plane (astronomy)|orbital plane]],<ref>Ahrens, ''Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants'', p. 8.</ref> producing seasonal variations on the planet's surface with a period of one [[tropical year]] (365.24 solar days). Earth's only known [[natural satellite]], the Moon, which began orbiting it about 4.53 billion years ago, provides ocean [[tide]]s, stabilizes the axial tilt and gradually slows the planet's rotation. A [[comet]]ary bombardment during the early history of the planet played a role in the formation of the oceans.<ref name="comet">{{cite journal | author=Morbidelli, A.; Chambers, J.; Lunine, J. I.; Petit, J. M.; Robert, F.; Valsecchi, G. B.; Cyr, K. E. | title=Source regions and time scales for the delivery of water to Earth | journal=Meteoritics & Planetary Science | year=2000 | volume=35 | issue=6 | pages=1309–1320 | url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000M&PS...35.1309M | accessdate=2007-03-06 }}</ref> Later, [[asteroid]] impacts caused significant changes to the surface environment. |
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==Life== |
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{{Main|Life}} |
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A diverse array of living organisms can be found in the [[biosphere]] on Earth. Properties common to these organisms—[[plant]]s, [[animal]]s, [[fungus|fungi]], [[protist]]s, [[archaea]] and [[bacteria]]—are a [[Carbon-based life|carbon]]- and [[Water#Effects on life|water]]-based [[Cell (biology)|cellular]] form with complex [[organization]] and heritable [[gene]]tic information. They undergo [[metabolism]], possess a capacity to grow, respond to [[stimuli]], [[reproduce]] and, through [[natural selection]], adapt to their environment in successive generations. |
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==Humanity== |
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{{See|Human|World population}} |
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Humans, or human beings, are [[bipedalism|bipedal]] [[primate]]s belonging to the [[mammal]]ian species ''Homo sapiens''. Compared to other species, humans have a [[encephalization|highly developed]] brain capable of abstract reasoning, [[language]], and [[introspection]]. This mental capability, combined with an erect body carriage that frees their upper limbs for manipulating objects, has allowed humans to make far greater use of [[tool]]s than any other species. [[DNA]] evidence indicates that modern humans originated in [[Africa]] about 200,000 years ago.<ref>[http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/sap.htm The Smithsonian Institution, Human Origins Program]</ref> Humans now inhabit every continent and [[low Earth orbit]], with a total population of over 6.7 billion as of March 2008.<ref name="popclock">{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popclockworld.html |
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|title=World POPClock Projection |
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|accessdate=2007-06-14 |
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|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division/International Programs Center}}</ref> |
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Like most primates, humans are social by nature. However, humans are particularly adept at utilizing systems of communication for self-expression, the exchange of ideas, and organization. Humans create complex [[social structure]]s composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from [[family|families]] to [[nation]]s. [[Social interaction]]s between humans have established an extremely wide variety of traditions, rituals, ethics, values, [[norm (sociology)|social norms]], and [[law]]s which form the basis of human society. Humans have a marked appreciation for beauty and aesthetics which, combined with the human desire for self-expression, has led to cultural innovations such as [[art]], [[literature]] and [[music]]. |
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Humans are noted for their desire to understand and influence the world around them, seeking to explain and manipulate natural phenomena through [[science]], [[philosophy]], [[mythology]] and [[religion]]. This natural curiosity has led to the development of advanced tools and skills; humans are the only extant species known to build fires, cook their food, clothe themselves, and use numerous other [[technology|technologies]]. |
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==Development== |
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{{Main|World development}} |
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A summary of world development: |
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*universe is continuing its [[metric expansion of space|metric expansion]] |
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*our galaxy is [[Andromeda-Milky Way collision|approaching its neighbor]] |
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*the Sun is [[Solar luminosity|shining brighter and brighter]] |
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*the Earth's surface is [[global warming|getting hotter]] |
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*Species are [[Holocene extinction event#Ongoing Holocene Extinction|becoming fewer]] |
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*Humans are [[Population growth|increasing in number]] |
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*Their life expectancy, literacy, education, standard of living, and [[Economic development|GDP per capita]] are increasing |
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*[[Technology development|technology]] and [[Sociocultural evolution|socioculture]] are also developing |
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* Global business are also increasing. |
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* Security concerns are also growing. |
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==See also== |
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* [[Earth]] |
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* [[Planet]] |
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* [[World map]] |
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* [[Globe]] |
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* [[Universe]] |
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* [[Humanity]] |
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==External links== |
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*{{CIA World Factbook link|xx|World}} |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Universe]] |
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[[Category:World| ]] |
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[[ar:عالَم]] |
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[[arc:ܥܠܡܐ (ܐܪܥܐ)]] |
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[[ay:Pacha]] |
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[[zh-min-nan:Sè-kài]] |
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[[ca:Món]] |
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[[ceb:Kalibotan]] |
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[[cs:Svět]] |
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[[de:Welt]] |
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[[dv:ދުނިޔެ]] |
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[[es:Mundo]] |
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[[eo:Mondo]] |
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[[eu:Mundu]] |
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[[fa:جهان]] |
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[[fr:Monde (univers)]] |
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[[ko:세계]] |
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[[hr:Svijet]] |
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[[io:Mondo]] |
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[[ia:Mundo]] |
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[[it:Mondo]] |
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[[kk:Әлем]] |
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[[ku:Cîhan]] |
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[[lv:Pasaule]] |
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[[ja:世界]] |
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[[nn:Verd]] |
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[[km:ពិភពលោក]] |
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[[pl:Świat]] |
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[[pt:Mundo]] |
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[[qu:Kay pacha]] |
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[[sq:Bota]] |
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[[ss:Úmhlâba]] |
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[[sk:Svet]] |
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[[sl:Svet]] |
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[[sv:Värld]] |
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[[tl:Mundo]] |
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[[vi:Thế giới]] |
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[[tg:Ҷаҳон]] |
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[[uk:Світ]] |
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[[ur:دنیا]] |
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[[vo:Vol]] |
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[[wo:Àdduna]] |
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[[yi:וועלט]] |
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[[bat-smg:Sviets]] |
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[[zh:世界]] |
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Revision as of 10:39, 15 April 2008
The World is a proper noun for the planet Earth envisioned from an anthropocentric or human worldview, as a place inhabited by human beings. It is often used to signify the sum of human experience and history, or the 'human condition' in general.[1] The world population is over 6.60 billion people.[2]
Especially in a metaphysical context, World may refer to everything that constitutes reality and the Universe: see World (philosophy).
Etymology
In English, world may be parsed as rooted in a compound of the obsolete words were, "man", and eld, "age"; thus, its etymology may be semantically rendered as "age or life of man".[3]
Usage
'World' distinguishes the entire planet or population from any particular country or region: world affairs are those which pertain not just to one place but to the whole world, and world history is a field of history which examines events from a global (rather than a national or a regional) perspective. Earth, on the other hand, refers to the planet as a physical entity, and distinguishes it from other planets and physical objects.
'World' can also be used attributively, as an adjective, to mean 'global', 'relating to the whole world', forming usages such as World community. See World (adjective).
By extension, a 'world' may refer to any planet or heavenly body, especially when it is thought of as inhabited.
'World', when qualified, can also refer to a particular domain of human experience.
- The world of work describes paid work and the pursuit of a career, in all its social aspects, to distinguish it from home life and academic study.
- The fashion world describes the environment of the designers, fashion houses and consumers that make up the fashion industry.
- The New World is a part of the world discovered or colonized by Europeans later than other parts; it usually refers to the American continents or to Australia. Native Americans and Native Australians tend to dislike this usage. For them America and Australia are not new. Their ancestors have lived there since time immemorial. The Old World refers, by contrast, to the continents of Europe, Asia and north Africa.
Earth
Earth is the only place in the universe where life is known to exist. Scientific evidence indicates that the planet formed 4.54 billion years ago,[4][5][6][7] and life appeared on its surface within a billion years. Since then, Earth's biosphere has significantly altered the atmosphere and other abiotic conditions on the planet, enabling the proliferation of aerobic organisms as well as the formation of the ozone layer which, together with Earth's magnetic field, blocks harmful radiation, permitting life on land.[8]
Earth's outer surface is divided into several rigid segments, or tectonic plates, that gradually migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years. About 71% of the surface is covered with salt-water oceans, the remainder consisting of continents and islands; liquid water, necessary for all known life, is not known to exist on any other planet's surface.[9][10] Earth's interior remains active, with a thick layer of relatively solid mantle, a liquid outer core that generates a magnetic field, and a solid iron inner core.
Earth interacts with other objects in outer space, including the Sun and the Moon. At present, Earth orbits the Sun once for every roughly 366.26 times it rotates about its axis. This length of time is a sidereal year, which is equal to 365.26 solar days.[11] The Earth's axis of rotation is tilted 23.4° away from the perpendicular to its orbital plane,[12] producing seasonal variations on the planet's surface with a period of one tropical year (365.24 solar days). Earth's only known natural satellite, the Moon, which began orbiting it about 4.53 billion years ago, provides ocean tides, stabilizes the axial tilt and gradually slows the planet's rotation. A cometary bombardment during the early history of the planet played a role in the formation of the oceans.[13] Later, asteroid impacts caused significant changes to the surface environment.
Life
A diverse array of living organisms can be found in the biosphere on Earth. Properties common to these organisms—plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea and bacteria—are a carbon- and water-based cellular form with complex organization and heritable genetic information. They undergo metabolism, possess a capacity to grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce and, through natural selection, adapt to their environment in successive generations.
Humanity
Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens. Compared to other species, humans have a highly developed brain capable of abstract reasoning, language, and introspection. This mental capability, combined with an erect body carriage that frees their upper limbs for manipulating objects, has allowed humans to make far greater use of tools than any other species. DNA evidence indicates that modern humans originated in Africa about 200,000 years ago.[14] Humans now inhabit every continent and low Earth orbit, with a total population of over 6.7 billion as of March 2008.[15]
Like most primates, humans are social by nature. However, humans are particularly adept at utilizing systems of communication for self-expression, the exchange of ideas, and organization. Humans create complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families to nations. Social interactions between humans have established an extremely wide variety of traditions, rituals, ethics, values, social norms, and laws which form the basis of human society. Humans have a marked appreciation for beauty and aesthetics which, combined with the human desire for self-expression, has led to cultural innovations such as art, literature and music.
Humans are noted for their desire to understand and influence the world around them, seeking to explain and manipulate natural phenomena through science, philosophy, mythology and religion. This natural curiosity has led to the development of advanced tools and skills; humans are the only extant species known to build fires, cook their food, clothe themselves, and use numerous other technologies.
Development
A summary of world development:
- universe is continuing its metric expansion
- our galaxy is approaching its neighbor
- the Sun is shining brighter and brighter
- the Earth's surface is getting hotter
- Species are becoming fewer
- Humans are increasing in number
- Their life expectancy, literacy, education, standard of living, and GDP per capita are increasing
- technology and socioculture are also developing
- Global business are also increasing.
- Security concerns are also growing.
See also
External links
- "World". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency.
References
- ^ 'This is the excellent foppery of the world...' -- Shakespeare, King Lear, I.ii
- ^ Updated March, 2008: CIA's The World Factbook (see also The World Factbook)
- ^ American Heritage Dictionary
- ^ Dalrymple, G.B. (1991). The Age of the Earth. California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1569-6.
- ^ Newman, William L. (July 9, 2007). "Age of the Earth". Publications Services, USGS. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 190: 205–221. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
- ^ Stassen, Chris (September 10, 2005). "The Age of the Earth". The TalkOrigins Archive. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Harrison, Roy M. (2002). Causes and Environmental Implications of Increased UV-B Radiation. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0854042652.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Other planets in the solar system are either too hot or too cold to support liquid water. However, it is confirmed to have existed on the surface of Mars in the past, and may still appear today. See: Msnbc (March 2, 2007). "Rover reveals Mars was once wet enough for life". NASA. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)Staff (November 7, 2005). "Simulations Show Liquid Water Could Exist on Mars". University of Arkansas. Retrieved 2007-08-08.{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ As of 2007, water vapor has been detected in the atmosphere of only one extrasolar planet, and it is a gas giant. See: G. Tinetti; et al. (July, 2007). "Water vapour in the atmosphere of a transiting extrasolar planet". Nature. 448: 169–171.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|last=(help) - ^ The number of solar days is one less than the number of sidereal days because the orbital motion of the Earth about the Sun results in one additional revolution of the planet about its axis.
- ^ Ahrens, Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, p. 8.
- ^ Morbidelli, A.; Chambers, J.; Lunine, J. I.; Petit, J. M.; Robert, F.; Valsecchi, G. B.; Cyr, K. E. (2000). "Source regions and time scales for the delivery of water to Earth". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 35 (6): 1309–1320. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ The Smithsonian Institution, Human Origins Program
- ^ "World POPClock Projection". U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division/International Programs Center. Retrieved 2007-06-14.