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-{{refimprove|date=December 2007}}
-{{self-ref|For a discussion of case-sensitivity in Wikipedia page titles, see [[Help:Page name]] and [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (capitalization)]].}}
-Text sometimes exhibits '''case sensitivity'''; that is, words can differ in meaning based on differing use of [[majuscule|uppercase]] and [[minuscule|lowercase]] letters. Words with capital letters don't always have the same meaning when written with lowercase letters.
-For example, ''Bill'' is the first name of former U.S. president [[Bill Clinton]], who could sign a ''[[Bill (proposed law)|bill]]'' (which is a proposed [[law]] that was approved by Congress). And a [[Poland|Polish]] person can use [[polish]] to clean something.
-When a computer program compares two words to decide whether they are the same, it might or might not apply case sensitivity,
-depending upon the programmer’s intent.
-Case sensitivity is relevant to:
-*[[username]]s
-*[[password]]s
-*[[filename]]s
-*[[command]]s
-*[[variable|variable names]]
-*[[URL|website addresses]]
-*searching for a [[text string]] within electronic text
-Some [[programming language|computer languages]] are case-sensitive ([[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[C++]], [[C (programming language)|C]]<ref name="k&r1e">{{cite book | last = Kernighan | first = Brian W. | authorlink = Brian Kernighan | coauthors = [[Dennis M. Ritchie]] | chapter=Chapter 2: Types, Operators and Expressions |pages=page 33 | title = [[The C Programming Language (book)|The C Programming Language]] | edition = 1st ed.  | publisher = [[Prentice Hall]] | date = February 1978 | location = [[Englewood Cliffs, NJ]] | id = ISBN 0-13-110163-3 }}</ref>, [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Matsumoto| first = Yukihiro | authorlink = Yukihiro Matsumoto | chapter=Chapter 2: Language Basics |pages=page 9 | title = Ruby in a nutshell | edition = 1st ed.  | publisher = [[O'Reilly Media]] | date = January 2002 | id = ISBN 0-596-00214-9 }}</ref> and [[XML]]), whereas others are case-insensitive (i.e., not case-sensitive), for example, most [[BASIC]]s (an exception being [[BBC BASIC]]), [[SQL]] and [[Pascal programming language|Pascal]].  There are also languages, such as [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]] and [[Prolog]], in which the capitalization of an identifier encodes information about its semantics.
-Often, computer passwords are case-sensitive and computer user names are not, which can be confusing for the inexperienced user. Passwords are often made case-sensitive to make them harder to guess, whereas making usernames harder to guess or remember is not an advantage.
-It takes more work for a program to ignore case when comparing data, depending on the data being compared. Usually it suffices in text coded in character sets like [[ASCII]] or [[EBCDIC]] to merely convert the comparand and the data temporarily to one case and then compare; however it becomes far more challenging in a multi-lingual environment, e.g., using [[Unicode]], since case-conversion rules differ between some languages, for example, in German the uppercase form for the sharp s ([[ß|"ß"]]) is ''SS''.
-Case-insensitive operations are sometimes said to '''fold case''', from the idea of folding the character code table so that upper- and lower-case letters coincide. The alternative '''smash case''' is more likely to be used by someone that considers this behaviour a misfeature or in cases wherein one case is actually permanently converted to the other.
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
-==See also==
-* [[List of case sensitive English words]]
-* [[Case preservation]]
-[[Category:Input/Output]]
-[[de:Case sensitivity]]
-[[fr:Sensible à la casse]]
-[[it:Sensibile alle maiuscole]]
-[[pl:Case sensitive]]
-[[pt:Case sensitive]]
-[[sv:Skiftlägeskänslighet]]