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==Incitement to racial hatred==
==Incitement to racial hatred==
===1998===
===1998===
In 1998 Griffin was charged with distributing material likely to [[hate speech|incite racial hatred]]. Along with Paul Ballard, he was tried at [[Harrow, London|Harrow]] Crown Court. Griffin called French holocaust-denier [[Robert Faurisson]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Ware|Back|2002|p=55}}</ref> and Black Nationalist [[Osiris Akkebala]]<ref>{{Harvnb|Seale|Gobo|Gubrium|Silverman|2004|p=268}}</ref> as witnesses, but both were found guilty. The court gave each a nine month sentence, suspended for two years, and a £2,300 fine.<ref name="brute"/><ref>{{Harvnb|Atkins|2004|p=112}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | title = Under the skin of the BNP | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/programmes/2001/bnp_special/membership/organisers/paul_ballard.stm | publisher = news.bbc.co.uk | accessdate = 2009-06-17}}</ref> The conviction related to anti-Semitic views he had expressed in ''The Rune'',<ref>{{Citation | last = Taylor | first = Kate | title = Beware BNP bridge builders | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2001/sep/06/otherparties.uk1 | date = 2001-09-06 | publisher = guardian.co.uk | accessdate = 2009-06-17}}</ref> whose content [[Alex Carlile, Baron Carlile of Berriew|Alex Carlile]] had reported to the police. Griffin was secretly recorded by the [[ITV]] programme ''[[The Cook Report]]'' describing his former [[Member_of_Parliament#United_Kingdom|MP]] as "this bloody Jew ... whose only claim is that his grandparents died in the Holocaust".<ref name="Ryanp63"/><ref name="recordnumber">{{Citation | last1 = Morris | first1 = Nigel | last2 = Russell | first2 = Ben | last3 = Mitchell | first3 = Ben | title = BNP goes on attack with record number of candidates | url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/bnp-goes-on-attack-with-record-number-of-candidates-595749.html | publisher = independent.co.uk | date = 2003-04-26 | accessdate = 2009-06-17}}</ref>
In 1998 Griffin was charged with distributing material likely to [[hate speech|incite racial hatred]]. Along with Paul Ballard, he was tried at [[Harrow, London|Harrow]] Crown Court. Griffin called French holocaust-denier [[Robert Faurisson]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Ware|Back|2002|p=55}}</ref> and Black Nationalist [[Osiris Akkebala]]<ref>{{Harvnb|Seale|Gobo|Gubrium|Silverman|2004|p=268}}</ref> as witnesses, but both were found guilty. The court gave each a nine month sentence, suspended for two years, and a £2,300 fine.<ref name="brute"/><ref>{{Harvnb|Atkins|2004|p=112}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | title = Under the skin of the BNP | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/programmes/2001/bnp_special/membership/organisers/paul_ballard.stm | publisher = news.bbc.co.uk | accessdate = 2009-06-17}}</ref> The conviction related to anti-Semitic views he had expressed in ''The Rune'',<ref>{{Citation | last = Taylor | first = Kate | title = Beware BNP bridge builders | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2001/sep/06/otherparties.uk1 | date = 2001-09-06 | publisher = guardian.co.uk | accessdate = 2009-06-17}}</ref> whose content [[Alex Carlile, Baron Carlile of Berriew|Alex Carlile]] had reported to the police. Griffin was later secretly recorded by the [[ITV]] programme ''[[The Cook Report]]'' describing his former [[Member_of_Parliament#United_Kingdom|MP]] as "this bloody Jew ... whose only claim is that his grandparents died in the Holocaust".<ref name="Ryanp63"/><ref name="recordnumber">{{Citation | last1 = Morris | first1 = Nigel | last2 = Russell | first2 = Ben | last3 = Mitchell | first3 = Ben | title = BNP goes on attack with record number of candidates | url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/bnp-goes-on-attack-with-record-number-of-candidates-595749.html | publisher = independent.co.uk | date = 2003-04-26 | accessdate = 2009-06-17}}</ref>


{{Quote|I am well aware that the orthodox opinion is that six million Jews were gassed and cremated and turned into lampshades. Orthodox opinion also once held that the world is flat|Nick Griffin|<ref name="menace"/>}}
{{Quote|I am well aware that the orthodox opinion is that six million Jews were gassed and cremated and turned into lampshades. Orthodox opinion also once held that the world is flat|Nick Griffin|<ref name="menace"/>}}

Revision as of 12:19, 22 June 2009

Nick Griffin
MEP-elect
Griffin at the American Renaissance Conference in early 2006.
Chairman of the BNP
Incumbent
Assumed office
September 1999
Preceded byJohn Tyndall
Personal details
Born1959 (age 64–65)
Barnet, Hertfordshire, England
Political partyBritish National Party
SpouseJackie Griffin
Residence(s)Llanerfyl, Powys, Wales

Nicholas John Griffin (born 1959) is a British far-right politician. He is chairman of the British National Party and Member-elect of the European Parliament for North West England. He is married with four children, and lives in Wales.

Griffin was born in Barnet, London, and was educated at two public schools. He joined the National Front aged 15, and following his graduation from Cambridge University became a political worker for the party. In 1980 he became a member of its governing body, and later wrote articles for right-wing magazines. He was the party's candidate for the seat of Croydon North West in 1981 and 1983. He left the National Front in 1989, and in 1995 joined the British National Party, becoming its leader in 1999. He stood as the party's candidate in several elections, and in 2009 was elected as a member of the European Parliament for North West England in the 2009 European Elections.

In 1998 Griffin was convicted of incitement to racial hatred, receiving a suspended prison sentence. He was charged in 2005 with the same offence, but following a retrial was cleared. Griffin has been criticised for his political and religious views—he has denied the veracity of the Holocaust, and has written several anti-Semitic articles. He has also criticised Islam. In 2007, he participated in a controversial debate at the Oxford Union, and he was also invited to speak at the University of Bath.

Early life

The son of former Conservative councillor Edgar Griffin[1] and his wife Jean Griffin,[2] Nicholas John Griffin was born in Barnet, then in Hertfordshire now Greater London, before moving to Southwold in Suffolk aged eight.[3] He was educated at Woodbridge School in Woodbridge, and won a sixth-form scholarship to the independent St Felix School in Southwold, becoming one of only two boys in the girls' school.[4] He has a sister.[5][6]

Griffin had read Mein Kampf by the age of 13, and two years later[3] he joined the National Front. Aged 16 he stayed at the home of National Front organiser Martin Webster. Webster was openly gay, and in a four-page leaflet written in 1999 claimed to have had a homosexual relationship with Griffin, then the BNP's publicity director.[7] Griffin has strongly denied the relationship.[8]

In 1977, Griffin went to Downing College, Cambridge, where he studied History and Law.[1] During a union debate his affiliation to the National Front was revealed, and his photograph was published in a student newspaper. Undeterred, Griffin later founded the Young National Front Student organisation. He graduated with a 2:2 and a boxing blue, having taken up the sport following a brawl with an anti-fascist party member in Lewisham.[9] Griffin boxed three times against Oxford in the annual Varsity match, winning twice and losing once. In an interview for The Independent he stated he gave up because of a hand injury. He claims to be a fan of Ricky Hatton and Joe Calzaghe, and an admirer of Amir Khan.[10]

Political career

National Front and International Third Position

Following his graduation, Griffin was unemployed for about a year[11][unreliable source?] before becoming a political worker at the National Front headquarters. The National Front fragmented into splinter organisations, and Griffin helped launch the International Third Position.[9] As a teenager Griffin had accompanied his father to a National Front meeting,[1][12] and by 1978, he was a national organiser for the party.[13] He helped set up the White Noise Music Club in 1979.[14]

In 1980 he became a member of the party's governing body, the National Directorate, when he also set up the National Front Student Organisation. In 1980 Griffin launched Nationalism Today with the aid of Joe Pearce, editor of the NF youth paper Bulldog.[15][16] Writing for the magazine in 1985, he praised the black separatist Louis Farrakhan,[17] comments which were not popular with some members of the National Front.[6] Griffin also attempted to form alliances with Libya's Colonel Gadaffi, and Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini.[5]

Following a disagreement with Patrick Harrington (who subsequently formed the Third Way), and objections over the direction the party was headed, in 1989 Griffin left the National Front. Along with Derek Holland, and Italian fascist Roberto Fiore,[5] he helped form the International Third Position (ITP), which developed from the Political Soldier movement Griffin had helped form[18] within the NF. Griffin left the organisation in 1990.[5]

In 1990 Griffin lost his left eye in a serious accident,[9] when (by Griffin's account) a discarded Shotgun cartridge[19] exploded in a pile of burning wood at his home. He has, since then, worn a glass eye. Griffin attributes his inability to work to the loss of his eye, and his subsequent declaration of bankruptcy (the accident occured in France, where Griffin later lost money in a failed business project).[20] For several years thereafter, he abstained from politics. His parents gave him financial support, and Griffin worked as a security man for David Irving.[11][unreliable source?]

British National Party

Griffin re-entered politics in 1993[21] and in 1995, at the behest of John Tyndall, joined the British National Party.[6][9] He also became editor of two right-wing magazines owned by Tyndall, Spearhead, and The Rune.[13] Writing for The Rune, Griffin praised the wartime Waffen SS and attacked the Royal Air Force for its bombing of Nazi Germany.[22] Referring to the election of the BNP's first councillor at a 1993 council by-election in Millwall, Tower Hamlets, he wrote:

The electors of Millwall did not back a post modernist rightist party, but what they perceived to be a strong, disciplined organisation with the ability to back up its slogan "Defend Rights for Whites" with well-directed boots and fists.

— Nick Griffin, [23]

In 1996 during a public demonstration at Coventry Cathedral, he accused British airmen of "mass murder".[24]

Although Tyndall had in 1982 founded the BNP, its links to extremism helped Griffin in his 1999 campaign to replace Tyndall as BNP leader. Griffin claimed to have fallen out with Tyndall over the latter's hatred of Jews, and his policy on Muslims.[11][unreliable source?] He embarked on a campaign to make the party electable by taking it away from Tyndall's agenda. Griffin was also helped by Tyndall's lack of familiarity with the mainstream media, and following a September 1999 election he defeated Tyndall to become head of the BNP. One of Griffin's changes includes the party's strong emphasis on the the removal of multiculturalism, a policy it claims has a destructive influence on both immigrant and British cultures.[13][25] This realignment was designed to position the BNP alongside successful European far-right groups, such as the French Front National. Street protests were replaced by electoral campaigning, and some policies were moderated (the compulsory repatriation of ethnic minorities was instead made voluntary). Policies included capital punishment, and corporal punishment for less serious crimes. Griffin presented himself as a Cambridge-educated family man, an image that many voters found more palatable than the more extreme image presented by Tyndall.[20] During 2000 Griffin attempted to improve the BNP's popular appeal by targetting specific groups, including lorry drivers (who were at the time ensconced in mass protests against fuel prices) and farmers. The BNP also produced a journal devoted to rural matters.[26] In the August 2001 issue of Identity (a BNP publication) Griffin claimed that radical Muslim clerics wanted "...militant Muslims to take over British cities with AK-47 rifles".[27] On the BBC's Newsnight Griffin stated that Hindus had been a target as well as whites in the 'Muslim' riots of 2001.[27]

The BNP's constitution grants its chairman full executive power over all party affairs, and Griffin thus carries sole responsibility for the party's legal and financial liabilities, and has the final say in all decisions affecting the party.[28] Griffin has, since assuming control of the party, sought to move it away from its historic identity. On the BBC's Politics Show on 9 March 2003 he appeared to accept the ethnic minorities who were legally already living in the country.[29]

As a member of the National Front Griffin contested the seat of Croydon North West twice, in 1981 and 1983.[30] He has stood as the BNP candidate in several English elections. In 2000 he stood as the BNP candidate for the constituency of West Bromwich West, in a by-election triggered by the resignation of Betty Boothroyd. He came in fourth place, with 794 votes (4.21% of those cast).[31]. In the 2001 General Election he was the BNP candidate for the constituency of Oldham West & Royton. He received 6,552 votes (16% of those cast), beating the Liberal Democrats to third place and running a close race for second place with the Conservatives, who received 7,076 votes.[32] Griffin again stood for election in the 2003 Metropolitan Borough elections, for a seat representing the Chadderton North ward. He came second to the Labour candidate, receiving 993 votes (28% of those cast).[33] In the European Parliament Election 2004, where Griffin was the BNP candidate for the North West England constituency,[34] the party received 134,959 votes (6.4% of those cast), but won no seats.[35] In the 2005 General Election he was the BNP candidate for the constituency of Keighley in West Yorkshire, where he polled 4,240 votes (9.2% of those cast), in fourth place.[36]

Griffin was the BNP candidate in the 2007 Welsh National Assembly Elections, in the South Wales West region.[37] The BNP received 8,993 votes (5.5% of those cast), behind the Labour party's 58,347 votes (35.8%).[38] In October 2007 he was an unsuccessful candidate in the Thurrock Council election.[30][39]

In November 2008 the entire membership list of the BNP was posted on the internet (however the list may have included lapsed members of the party and people who have expressed an interest in joining the party, but have not signed up). Griffin claimed that he knew the identity of the individual responsible, describing him as a hardline senior employee who had left the party in the previous year. He welcomed the publicity that the story generated, using it to describe the common perception of the average BNP member as a "skinhead oik" as untrue.[40]

Griffin was elected as a member of the European Parliament for North West England in the 2009 European Elections. The BNP polled 943,598 votes (6.2% of those cast), gaining 2 MEPs.[41] Griffin and fellow MEP Andrew Brons were subsequently pelted with eggs as they attempted to stage a celebratory press conference outside the Houses of Parliament. A second venue was chosen on the following day, at a public house near Manchester. A line of police blocked a large group of protesters, who chanted “No platform for Nazi Nick” and “Nazi scum off our streets”.[42]

It is a huge victory. We have been demonised, persecuted and denied the right to hold public meetings. In Oldham alone there have been hundreds of thousands of pounds spent on employing bogus community workers to keep us out. To triumph against that level of pressure as a political party has never been done before.

— Nick Griffin, [42]

In May 2009 Griffin was invited by the BNP representative on the London Assembly, Richard Barnbrook, to a Buckingham Palace garden party hosted by Queen Elizabeth. The invitation prompted objections from several organisations and public figures, including the Mayor of London Boris Johnson, and the anti-facist organisation Searchlight.[43] Griffin later declined the invitation, saying he had "no wish to embarrass the Queen".[44]

We believe it is still outrageous that a democratically elected member of the London Assembly can’t invite who he likes as a guest to the party at the Palace... Nevertheless, because we have no wish to embarrass the Queen and allow the liberal left to do more damage to our institutions, I’ve withdrawn from the idea of going myself.

— Nick Griffin, [44]

I am glad that the BNP leader has recognised that his presence at Buckingham Palace would have been a political stunt, which could have embarrassed Her Majesty... I hope the garden party can now go ahead as intended to honour those who have made an important contribution to their community.

— Boris Johnson, [44]

On 9 June 2009 the Royal British Legion wrote an open letter to Griffin asking him not to wear a poppy lapel badge.[45]

Incitement to racial hatred

1998

In 1998 Griffin was charged with distributing material likely to incite racial hatred. Along with Paul Ballard, he was tried at Harrow Crown Court. Griffin called French holocaust-denier Robert Faurisson,[46] and Black Nationalist Osiris Akkebala[47] as witnesses, but both were found guilty. The court gave each a nine month sentence, suspended for two years, and a £2,300 fine.[6][48][49] The conviction related to anti-Semitic views he had expressed in The Rune,[50] whose content Alex Carlile had reported to the police. Griffin was later secretly recorded by the ITV programme The Cook Report describing his former MP as "this bloody Jew ... whose only claim is that his grandparents died in the Holocaust".[21][51]

I am well aware that the orthodox opinion is that six million Jews were gassed and cremated and turned into lampshades. Orthodox opinion also once held that the world is flat

— Nick Griffin, [20]

2005–2006

On 14 December 2004 Griffin was arrested at his home in Wales, on suspicion of incitement to racial hatred, over remarks he made about Islam in an undercover BBC documentary[52] titled The Secret Agent.[53] Griffin was questioned at a police station in Halifax, West Yorkshire, before being freed on police bail. Griffin said that the arrest was "an electoral scam to get the Muslim block vote back to the Labour party",[52] and also claimed that the Labour government was attempting to influence the results of the following year's general election.

The idea is I'm going to be back here in March and bailed until then. At that point the idea is coming up to a general election. It's to demonise us in our electoral chances.

— Nick Griffin, [52]

Griffin's arrest was preceded two days earlier by that of John Tyndall, and the arrests of several other people, over remarks they made in the same programme.[52] The police had began an investigation into the contents of the programme the day after it was broadcast on 15 July 2004.[54] The following April Griffin was charged with four offences of using words or behaviour intended or likely to stir up racial hatred.[55]

The trial began in January 2006. Griffin stood alongside fellow party activist Mark Collett, who faced similar charges. Prosecuting, Rodney Jameson QC told the jury of speeches that both accused had made in the Reservoir Tavern in Keighley on 19 January 2004, reading excerpts from them:

The prosecution allege that each of the six speeches ... included words which were threatening, abusive and insulting towards, in particular, people of Asian ethnicity. Such words were used with the intention of stirring up racial hatred.

— Rodney Jameson QC, [54]

Griffin was also accused of calling murdered black teenager Stephen Lawrence 'a drug dealer and bully who stole younger pupils' dinner money', in an apparent rejection of the supposed racist nature of the teenager's death.[56] In the witness box Griffin defended himself by quoting passages from the Qur'an, backing his argument that his comments describing Islam as a "vicious, wicked faith" were attacking not a race, but a religion. During the two week trial he also used a laptop to post daily updates on a blog on the BNP's website. Griffin and Mark Collett were subsequently cleared of half the charges against them — the jury remained divided on the other charges, and a retrial was ordered.[57]

Nick Griffin and Mark Collett leave Leeds Crown Court on 10 November 2006 after being found not guilty of charges of incitement to racial hatred at their retrial.

On 10 November 2006, after five hours of deliberations, the jury cleared both men of all charges.[58] Griffin and Collett were met outside the court by about two hundred supporters,[59] whom Griffin addressed with a megaphone:

What has just happened shows Tony Blair and the government toadies at the BBC that they can take our taxes but they cannot take our hearts, they cannot take our tongues and they cannot take our freedom.

— Nick Griffin, [59]

Mainstream opinion in this country will be offended by some of the statements that they have heard made. At the same time, of course, the courts make their judgments on these things. But if there is something that needs to be done to look at the law then I think we will have to do that.

— Gordon Brown, [58]

Public debates

Oxford Union

David Irving

In November 2007, the Oxford Union invited Griffin to speak at a forum on the limits of free speech, along with other speakers including David Irving. The debating union voted by a margin of two to one to allow the two men to take part in the debate. The invitation proved controversial—MP Dr Julian Lewis resigned his membership of the Oxford Union, and was condemned by the president of the Oxford Student Union and race equalities watchdog Trevor Phillips.[60]

A rally against the invitation was held at Oxford Town Hall on 20 November, and included the Oxford Students' Union president, the National Union of Students black students' officer, and the Trades Union Congress south east regional secretary. Representatives of Unite Against Facism also attended, as well as the University of Oxford's Jewish student chaplin. Several Holocaust survivors also spoke at the rally.[61] On the night of the debate, about 50 protesters forced their way into the venue, and a crowd of hundreds of students gathered outside carrying banners bearing anti-racist slogans, and voicing anti-BNP chants. Many Union Society members were unable to gain access, reducing the audience for the debate. Police blocked the entrances to the building, and removed the protesters encamped inside. Griffin was accompanied into the premises by security guards. The debate was eventually split between two rooms, with Griffin speaking in one, and Irving in the other. Although many present found the debate objectionable, some were supportive of both Griffin and Irving's right to freedom of speech. The Oxford Union Society later endorsed the debate as a success.[62]

University of Bath

Griffin was invited to address a meeting at the University of Bath in May 2007 by politics student and BNP youth leader Danny Lake. Lake wanted Griffin to visit the university and explain the BNP's policies to lecturers and students. It was, however, viewed by others as an attempt by the party to establish a foothold on the university campus. Eleven union general secretaries wrote to the university's vice-chancellor and asked her to reconsider the decision to allow the meeting. A large protest was planned, and following students concerns over their personal safety the invitation was withdrawn.[63]

Political and religious views

Anti-Semitism and Holocaust denial

While editing the BNP publication The Rune, Griffin called the Holocaust "the Holohoax"[64] and criticised Holocaust denier David Irving for admitting in an interview that up to four million Jews might have died in the Holocaust. Griffin wrote: "True Revisionists will not be fooled by this new twist to the sorry tale of the Hoax of the Twentieth Century."[65]

In 1997 he wrote Who are the Mindbenders?, a publication concerned with the perceived domination of the media by Jewish figures, and also in 1997 he told an undercover journalist that he had updated Richard Verrall's Holocaust denial book Did Six Million Really Die?.[21] The BNP currently has a Jewish councillor, Patricia Richardson.[66] Spokesman Phil Edwards has stated that the party has Jewish members.[67] The BNP has stated that it does not deny the Holocaust, and that "Dredging up quotes from 10, 15, 20 years ago is really pathetic and, in a sense, rather fascist."[68] However at least one BNP representative maintains ties with Roberto Fiore and other openly fascist groups across Europe.[69]

Islam

On 6 March 2008, he was interviewed by Kirsty Wark on BBC Two's Newsnight. When told of a poll which demonstrated that most working-class Britons were more concerned about drugs and alcohol than immigration, Griffin linked the UK's drug problem with Islam, and Pakistani immigration. The inclusion of Griffin on the programme was criticised by contributor and radio presenter Jon Gaunt, who branded the decision as "pathetic".[70]

Climate change

In a BBC interview on 8 June 2009 Griffin claimed that "global warming is essentially a hoax" and that it "is being exploited by the liberal elite as a means of taxing and controlling us and the real crisis is peak oil".[71]

Family and personal life

Griffin lives with his family in a farmhouse in Wales, near Welshpool. He is married to Jackie Griffin, a former nurse who also acts as his assistant and a BNP administrator. They have four children, all of whom are fluent in Welsh.[11][unreliable source?] He has recently begun writing an autobiography.[3]

Elections contested

Date of election Constituency Party Votes Percentage of votes Source(s)
22 October 1981 by-election Croydon North West NF 429 1.2
1983 general election Croydon North West NF 336 0.9
23 November 2000 by-election West Bromwich West BNP 794 4.2 [31]
2001 general election Oldham West and Royton BNP 6,552 16.4 [32]
2005 general election Keighley BNP 4,240 9.2 [35]
2009 European election North West England BNP 132,094 8.0 (elected) [41]

References

Notes
  1. ^ a b c Under the skin of the BNP, BBC News, 2006-11-10, retrieved 2009-02-27
  2. ^ Britten, Nick (2001-08-25), Expelled Tory laments 'one silly mistake', telegraph.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-19
  3. ^ a b c Victor, Peter (2009-06-14), An audience with a racist, independent.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-17
  4. ^ Toolis, Kevin (2000-05-20), Race to the right, guardian.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-19
  5. ^ a b c d Ryan 2004, p. 62
  6. ^ a b c d Nick Griffin: Brute in a suit, independent.co.uk, 2004-07-18, retrieved 2009-06-17
  7. ^ Robbins, Tom (1999-09-05), Gay tiff reveals soft side of far right (Registrated required), The Times, retrieved 2009-06-17 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ Anthony, Andrew (2002-09-01), Flying the flag, guardian.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-19
  9. ^ a b c d Siddique, Haroon (2008-11-19), Profile: Nick Griffin, guardian.co.uk, retrieved 2009-02-27
  10. ^ Hubbard, Alan (2009-06-14), Inside Lines: How 'Nasty Nick' boxed clever to land his political punches, independent.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-17
  11. ^ a b c d Profile: Nick Griffin, timesonline.co.uk, 2009-06-14, retrieved 2009-06-16
  12. ^ Nick Griffin: Right-wing chameleon, news.bbc.co.uk, 2001-06-29, retrieved 2009-06-15
  13. ^ a b c Nick Griffin, telegraph.co.uk, 2006-01-10, retrieved 2009-02-27
  14. ^ Ware & Back 2002, p. 101
  15. ^ Barberis, P. (2000), "National Front" in Encyclopedia of British and Irish political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the Twentieth Century, Continuum International, p. 639
  16. ^ Violence In Our Minds, skinheadnation.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  17. ^ Griffin, Nick (1985-05), Nationalism Today, no. 29, National Front, p. 17 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ Franks, Alan (1989-03-29), A front for the Front - Neo-Nazis (Registration required), The Times, retrieved 2009-06-17 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  19. ^ Bath, Richard (2009-05-24), For all the talk of change, Nick Griffin's BNP remains a single-issue party which may be coming soon to a town near you, business.scotsman.com, retrieved 2009-06-21
  20. ^ a b c A right menace: Nick Griffin, independent.co.uk, 2009-05-23, retrieved 2009-06-17
  21. ^ a b c Ryan 2004, p. 63
  22. ^ Stephen Roth Institute: Antisemitism and Racism, tau.ac.il, retrieved 2009-06-19
  23. ^ Eatwell & Muddle 2004, p. 69
  24. ^ Shipman, Tim (2009-05-29), Family of Winston Churchill slams BNP over far-right party's attempt to hijack wartime leader's legacy, dailymail.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  25. ^ Eatwell, Roger (2005-07-21), John Tyndall, independent.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  26. ^ Eatwell & Muddle 2004, pp. 69–70
  27. ^ a b Eatwell & Muddle 2004, p. 71
  28. ^ Constitution of the British National Party, section 3, Party leadership (PDF) (8 ed.), bnp.org.uk, 2004-11, p. 5, retrieved 2009-06-16 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ Eatwell & Muddle 2004, p. 77
  30. ^ a b UK Polling Report - Thurrock, ukpollingreport.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-17
  31. ^ a b West Bromwich: Labour victory in former speaker's seat, guardian.co.uk, 2000-11-24, retrieved 2009-06-17
  32. ^ a b Bryn, Morgan (2001-06-07), General Election results, 7 June 2001 (PDF), parliament.uk, p. 88, retrieved 2009-06-16
  33. ^ Oldham Council 2003 Election Results, oldham.gov.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  34. ^ Ward, David (2004-06-11), BNP fails to live up to boast in Burnley, guardian.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  35. ^ a b UK general election 2005, Results for Keighley, electoralcommission.org.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  36. ^ European Parliamentary election 2004, Results for North West, electoralcommission.org.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  37. ^ BNP leader to stand for Assembly, walesonline.co.uk, 2007-02-28, retrieved 2009-06-16
  38. ^ National Assembly For Wales Election 2007, Results for South Wales West, electoralcommission.org.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  39. ^ Mixed poll results so far for BNP, news.bbc.co.uk, 2007-05-04, retrieved 2009-06-17
  40. ^ Cobain, Ian; Addley, Esther; Siddique, Haroon (2008-11-19), BNP membership list posted online by former 'hardliner', guardian.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-17
  41. ^ a b European Election 2009: UK Results, news.bbc.co.uk, 2009-06-08, retrieved 2009-06-16
  42. ^ a b Jenkins, Russell (2009-06-10), BNP’s Nick Griffin finally gets to make a speech, timesonline.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-16
  43. ^ Hamilton, Fiona (2009-05-21), BNP leader Nick Griffin to attend Queen's garden party, timesonline.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-17
  44. ^ a b c Hines, Nico; Hamilton, Fiona (2009-05-27), BNP leader Nick Griffin pulls out of Queen's garden party, timesonline.co.uk, retrieved 2009-06-17
  45. ^ An open letter to Nick Griffin, Chairman of the BNP and MEP for North West England, britishlegion.org.uk, 2009-06-09, retrieved 2009-06-16
  46. ^ Ware & Back 2002, p. 55
  47. ^ Seale et al. 2004, p. 268
  48. ^ Atkins 2004, p. 112
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Bibliography

Template:North West England MEPs

Party political offices
Preceded by Chairman of the British National Party
1999–present 		Incumbent
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