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The rivalry between the teams has various ethnic, religious and political associations, in that Celtic are associated with [[Irish Catholic]] origins<ref>{{cite book|title=Sport: A Critical Sociology|last=Giulianotti|first=Richard |authorlink= |coauthors=|year=264 |publisher=[[Polity (publisher)]]|location=|isbn=978-0-7456-2546-1|page=77|pages=33 |url= |accessdate=7 August 2011}}</ref> and [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] with Scotland's [[Protestantism|Protestant]] and [[British Unionism|British Unionist]] communities.<ref>{{cite book|title=Religion and Society in Scotland Since 1707|last=Brown|first=Callum|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=1997|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|location=|isbn=978-0-7486-0886-7|page=194|pages=224 |url=|accessdate=6 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="britishfootball">{{cite book|title=British Football & Social Exclusion|last=Wagg|first=Stephen|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2002|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=|isbn=978-0-7146-8204-4|page=158|pages=288|url=|accessdate=6 August 2011}}</ref> A report prepared for [[Glasgow City Council]] in 2003 found that 74% of Celtic supporters described themselves as Roman Catholic and 4% as Protestant. For Rangers supporters, the figures were 5% and 65% respectively.<ref>NFO Social Research [http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/DA614F81-4F1B-4452-8847-F3FDE920D550/0/sectarianism03.pdf Sectarianism in Glasgow - Final Report] Glasgow City Council, January 2003</ref>
The rivalry between the teams has various ethnic, religious and political associations, in that Celtic are associated with [[Irish Catholic]] origins<ref>{{cite book|title=Sport: A Critical Sociology|last=Giulianotti|first=Richard |authorlink= |coauthors=|year=264 |publisher=[[Polity (publisher)]]|location=|isbn=978-0-7456-2546-1|page=77|pages=33 |url= |accessdate=7 August 2011}}</ref> and [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] with Scotland's [[Protestantism|Protestant]] and [[British Unionism|British Unionist]] communities.<ref>{{cite book|title=Religion and Society in Scotland Since 1707|last=Brown|first=Callum|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=1997|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|location=|isbn=978-0-7486-0886-7|page=194|pages=224 |url=|accessdate=6 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="britishfootball">{{cite book|title=British Football & Social Exclusion|last=Wagg|first=Stephen|authorlink=|coauthors=|year=2002|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=|isbn=978-0-7146-8204-4|page=158|pages=288|url=|accessdate=6 August 2011}}</ref> A report prepared for [[Glasgow City Council]] in 2003 found that 74% of Celtic supporters described themselves as Roman Catholic and 4% as Protestant. For Rangers supporters, the figures were 5% and 65% respectively.<ref>NFO Social Research [http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/DA614F81-4F1B-4452-8847-F3FDE920D550/0/sectarianism03.pdf Sectarianism in Glasgow - Final Report] Glasgow City Council, January 2003</ref>


The clubs have attracted the support of opposing factions in the [[The War in Northern Ireland]], which intensified the rivalry in Scotland.<ref name=Deuchar1>{{cite web|url=http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/...4F1B.../sectarianism03.pdf |title=Territoriality and Sectarianism in Glasgow|publisher=Strathclyde University| first=Dr Ross| last=Deuchar| date=June 2008}}</ref> Anti-sectarian charity [[Nil by Mouth (charity)|Nil by Mouth]] notes that some supporters use songs, chants and banners on match days to express abuse or support towards the Protestant or Catholic faiths and proclaim support for Northern Irish based terrorist groups such as the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|IRA]] and [[Ulster Volunteer Force (1966)|UVF]].<ref name=HoS>{{cite web| url=http://nilbymouth.org/?page_id=28| title=History of Sectarianism|publisher=Nil by Mouth| accessdate= 27 January 2011|year=2010}}</ref> A study in 2008 by the [[University of Strathclyde]] found that the Old Firm rivalry was "strongly linked to the conflict in Northern Ireland".<ref name=Deuchar1/>
The clubs have attracted the support of opposing factions in the [[The Troubles|political difficulties of Northern Ireland]], which intensified the rivalry in Scotland.<ref name=Deuchar1>{{cite web|url=http://www.glasgow.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/...4F1B.../sectarianism03.pdf |title=Territoriality and Sectarianism in Glasgow|publisher=Strathclyde University| first=Dr Ross| last=Deuchar| date=June 2008}}</ref> Anti-sectarian charity [[Nil by Mouth (charity)|Nil by Mouth]] notes that some supporters use songs, chants and banners on match days to express abuse or support towards the Protestant or Catholic faiths and proclaim support for Northern Irish based terrorist groups such as the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|IRA]] and [[Ulster Volunteer Force (1966)|UVF]].<ref name=HoS>{{cite web| url=http://nilbymouth.org/?page_id=28| title=History of Sectarianism|publisher=Nil by Mouth| accessdate= 27 January 2011|year=2010}}</ref> A study in 2008 by the [[University of Strathclyde]] found that the Old Firm rivalry was "strongly linked to the conflict in Northern Ireland".<ref name=Deuchar1/>


There have been nearly 400 Old Firm matches played as of 2011. The games have been described as having an "atmosphere of hatred, religious tension and intimidation which continues to lead to violence in communities across Scotland."<ref name="HoS"/> The rivalry has fuelled many assaults and even deaths on Old Firm Derby days. Admissions to hospital emergency rooms have been reported to increase ninefold over normal levels<ref name = "wsc">{{cite news
There have been nearly 400 Old Firm matches played as of 2011. The games have been described as having an "atmosphere of hatred, religious tension and intimidation which continues to lead to violence in communities across Scotland."<ref name="HoS"/> The rivalry has fuelled many assaults and even deaths on Old Firm Derby days. Admissions to hospital emergency rooms have been reported to increase ninefold over normal levels<ref name = "wsc">{{cite news
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In November 2011, Celtic were under investigation by UEFA for offensive chants from their fans during their Europa League game against [[Rennes F.C.|Rennes]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/15706740.stm | work=BBC News | title=Celtic discover Uefa hearing date | date=14 November 2011}}</ref>
In November 2011, Celtic were under investigation by UEFA for offensive chants from their fans during their Europa League game against [[Rennes F.C.|Rennes]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/15706740.stm | work=BBC News | title=Celtic discover Uefa hearing date | date=14 November 2011}}</ref>

In April 2012, Joe O'Rourke, general secretary of the Celtic Supporters Association, posted sectarian comments on social networking website [[Twitter]].<ref>Celtic fans' Chief hit by Titantic Bigot Rap [http://www.thescottishsun.co.uk/scotsol/homepage/news/4245004/Celt-fans-chief-hit-by-Titanic-bigot-rap.html The Scottish Sun Published 8 April 2012] Accessed on 14 August 2012</ref><ref>Celtic fan is warned over tweet [http://www.heraldscotland.com/mobile/news/home-news/celtic-fan-is-warned-over-tweet.17250343?_=5edd3a0aa3cdb121a661e572692225a656117876 Herald Scotland Published 9 April 2012] Accessed on 14 August 2012</ref> Referring to the [[HMS Titanic|Titantic]] disaster, O'Rourke commented that it was a "problem" that the Protestant workers who built it "didn't sail on it".<ref>Celtic fan is warned over tweet [http://www.heraldscotland.com/mobile/news/home-news/celtic-fan-is-warned-over-tweet.17250343?_=5edd3a0aa3cdb121a661e572692225a656117876 Herald Scotland Published 9 April 2012] Accessed on 14 August 2012</ref> He subsequently apologised for posting the message.<ref>Tweet row fans' chief is sorry [http://www.thescottishsun.co.uk/scotsol/homepage/news/4235442/Tweet-row-fans-chief-is-sorry.html The Scottish Sun published 3 April 2012] Accessed 14 April 2012</ref>


===Irish republicanism===
===Irish republicanism===
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In 2008 and 2010, there were protests by small groups of fans over the team wearing the [[poppy]] symbol for [[Remembrance Day]], as it is a divisive symbol in Ireland.<ref>{{Cite news| title = Celtic fans jeer protesters for refusing to honour war dead | date = 8 November 2008 | url = http://www.newsoftheworld.co.uk/scottish/scottish_news/66167/Booed-Bhoys.html | work = News of the World | accessdate = 10 September 2010}}{{subscription}}</ref><ref>[http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/news/poppy-demo-fans-face-a-celtic-ban-1.1066962 Poppy demo fans face a Celtic ban] Evening Times, 9 November 2010</ref><ref name="Banner">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/c/celtic/9168655.stm |title=Celtic plan ban for anti-poppy protesters |date=8 November 2010|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=19 November 2010 }}</ref> Celtic have expressed disapproval of these protests, saying they are damaging to the image of the club and its fans, and that they will ban those involved.<ref name="Sept11"/><ref name="Banner"/><ref name="QuinnWarn">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/c/celtic/5236284.stm Quinn warns on offensive chants] BBC Sport, 1 August 2006</ref>
In 2008 and 2010, there were protests by small groups of fans over the team wearing the [[poppy]] symbol for [[Remembrance Day]], as it is a divisive symbol in Ireland.<ref>{{Cite news| title = Celtic fans jeer protesters for refusing to honour war dead | date = 8 November 2008 | url = http://www.newsoftheworld.co.uk/scottish/scottish_news/66167/Booed-Bhoys.html | work = News of the World | accessdate = 10 September 2010}}{{subscription}}</ref><ref>[http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/news/poppy-demo-fans-face-a-celtic-ban-1.1066962 Poppy demo fans face a Celtic ban] Evening Times, 9 November 2010</ref><ref name="Banner">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/c/celtic/9168655.stm |title=Celtic plan ban for anti-poppy protesters |date=8 November 2010|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=19 November 2010 }}</ref> Celtic have expressed disapproval of these protests, saying they are damaging to the image of the club and its fans, and that they will ban those involved.<ref name="Sept11"/><ref name="Banner"/><ref name="QuinnWarn">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/c/celtic/5236284.stm Quinn warns on offensive chants] BBC Sport, 1 August 2006</ref>


In November 2011, Celtic were fined £12,700 by UEFA for pro-IRA chanting from some Celtic supporters.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.scotsman.com/the-scotsman/sport/celtic_rule_out_appeal_for_uefa_fine_over_illicit_chanting_1_2007020 | publisher=The Scotsman | title=Celtic rule out appeal for uefa fine over illicit chanting | date=10 May 2012}}</ref> In response to this in their [[Europa League]] game against [[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]], Celtic fans were seen to have unveiled a banner reading "Fuck UEFA". This was condemned by the Celtic chairman<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2011/dec/16/celtic-fans-banner-uefa?newsfeed=true | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Ewan | last=Murray | title=These people are not Celtic supporters and we will weed them out | date=16 December 2011}}</ref>, [[Ian Bankier]], and the club imposed a life ban on a supporter deemed responsible for the display and attacking a steward in Udinese's [[Stadio Friuli]].<ref>UEFA imposes fine on Celtic for offensive behaviour [http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/uefa-imposes-fine-on-celtic-for-offensive-banner-7594981.html http://www.independent.co.uk] Accessed on 15 August 2012</ref> UEFA's control and disciplinary body fined Celtic €25,000 for breaching disciplinary regulations in relation to the incident.<ref>Celtic fined by Uefa over offensive banner in Europa League game against Udinese [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/celtic/9171633/Celtic-fined-by-Uefa-over-offensive-banner-in-Europa-League-game-against-Udinese.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk] Accessed on 15 August 2012</ref><ref>Celtic fined £21,000 by Uefa over banner in Udinese [http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/17539283 http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport] Accessed on 15 August 2012</ref>
In November 2011, Celtic were fined £12,700 by UEFA for pro-IRA chanting from some Celtic supporters.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.scotsman.com/the-scotsman/sport/celtic_rule_out_appeal_for_uefa_fine_over_illicit_chanting_1_2007020 | publisher=The Scotsman | title=Celtic rule out appeal for uefa fine over illicit chanting | date=10 May 2012}}</ref> In response to this in their [[Europa League]] game against [[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]], Celtic fans were seen to have unveiled a banner reading "Fuck UEFA". This was condemned by Celtic chairman, [[Ian Bankier]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2011/dec/16/celtic-fans-banner-uefa?newsfeed=true | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Ewan | last=Murray | title=These people are not Celtic supporters and we will weed them out | date=16 December 2011}}</ref>


==Famous fans==
==Famous fans==
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[[Category:Celtic F.C.]]
[[Category:Celtic F.C.]]
[[Category:Association football culture]]
[[Category:Association football culture]]

[[no:Celtic-supportere]]

Revision as of 18:26, 16 August 2012

Celtic F.C. supporters commemorating the team's 1967 European Cup victory.

The supporters of Celtic F.C, a Scottish association football club based in the city of Glasgow, were estimated in 2003 to number around nine million.[1] Numerous fan magazines and supporters' websites are dedicated to the club, and there are over 160 supporters' clubs in over 20 countries around the world.[2]

Celtic supporters have traditionally come from the Catholic community in Scotland and people of Irish background. They have traditionally supported players of all backgrounds, striving to be inclusive. In 2003, Celtic fans received awards from FIFA and UEFA for their exemplary fair and cordial conduct after 80,000 fans had travelled to Seville for the 2003 UEFA Cup Final.[3]

Fanbase

Celtic F.C. was founded as a charity for poor Irish immigrants in Glasgow by Brother Walfrid, a Marist Brother originally from County Sligo, Ireland.[4] Consequently, Celtic is strongly associated with Scotland's Irish Catholic community[5][6] and have a significant number of supporters in Ireland and among members of the Irish diaspora elsewhere.[1] Celtic supporters have also traditionally been associated with support for Irish republican politics, including varieties of socialism,[7] and Irish tricolour flags are commonly flown at matches.[8]

In 2003 it was estimated that Celtic had a fanbase of nine million people worldwide.[1] Celtic fans have also been described as being "among the most passionate on the planet".[9]

Worldwide

Celtic has developed a fanbase in a number of countries around the world, including Japan since 2005, when Japanese international Shunsuke Nakamura joined the club.[10] There are Celtic supporters clubs in South Korea,[11] Sweden[12] Denmark and Norway[13] while the club's profile in Kenya has been boosted by a team in Nairobi, Kibera Celtic, who were inspired by Celtic's charitable roots and use the profits from football to fund charitable initiatives in Kenya and throughout Africa.[14] After the signing of Emilio Izaguirre in 2010. Hector Zelaya the general manager of Izaguirre's former club Motagua, said that Izaguirre had sparked "Celtic mania" in Honduras and that many people now supported them.[15]

North America

In 2003 it was estimated that Celtic had a fanbase of one million in the United States and Canada.[1] In 2002, former Rangers F.C. director Hugh Adam claimed that Celtic were "the best-supported football club in North America" and that the club's "Irish connection" was a determinant factor in their popularity.[16] In 2004, The Sunday Times, when commentating on several European teams who were touring in the U.S at the time, stated that clubs such as Chelsea, Real Madrid and Manchester United attracted support in the United States only when touring the country. In contrast, Celtic were said to "have such a strong pre-existing relationship with a huge expatriate following here that their support will endure."[17]

There are over 60 Celtic supporters clubs in North America[18] and nearly half of all U.S states have a Celtic supporters club.[17]

Southern Hemisphere

Celtic have developed supporters clubs in Australia and the Southern Hemisphere.[citation needed] When Celtic toured to Australia in the summer of 2011 manager Neil Lennon stated that Celtic "have got a huge fan base here in Australia".[19]

Attendance

Celtic fans at the Estadio Olímpico de Sevilla.

Celtic's home stadium is Celtic Park, located in Parkhead in the East End of Glasgow. It is the sixth largest stadium in the United Kingdom and the second largest in Scotland. Celtic Park's capacity has been 60,832 since the mid-1990s following redevelopment that turned it into an all-seater stadium.[20]

Celtic Park's average attendance for the 2010-11 season was 48,968, the highest in Scottish football and the twelfth highest in Europe. Celtic's highest average attendance over the last five seasons was 58,150 in the 2005-06 season. Over the next three seasons Celtic's average attendance remained above 57,000 before dropping to 45,582 during the 2009-10 season.[21]

2003 UEFA Cup Final

In 2003, Celtic reached the UEFA Cup Final, where they lost 3-2 to FC Porto. An estimated 80,000 Celtic supporters travelled to Seville for the occasion.[22][23][24] Celtic fans received awards from UEFA and FIFA for their behaviour at the match.[22][25][26][27] Upon handing the award to Celtic fans FIFA president Sepp Blatter described them as being "the greatest in the world"[9]

Before the match, the UEFA Cup Final Chief of security, Rafael Carmona, said;[28]

"I don't believe 50,000 fans will travel to Seville. That is madness it is an exaggeration. I think a fair number will be around 4,000. We are talking about a final to be played on a Wednesday, a day when people normally work."

Old Firm rivalry

Main article: Old Firm

Celtic's traditional rivals are Rangers; collectively, the two clubs are known as the Old Firm. The two have dominated Scottish football's history; between them, they have won the Scottish league championship 96 times since its inception in 1890 - all other clubs combined have won 19 championships.[citation needed]

The rivalry between the teams has various ethnic, religious and political associations, in that Celtic are associated with Irish Catholic origins[29] and Rangers with Scotland's Protestant and British Unionist communities.[30][31] A report prepared for Glasgow City Council in 2003 found that 74% of Celtic supporters described themselves as Roman Catholic and 4% as Protestant. For Rangers supporters, the figures were 5% and 65% respectively.[32]

The clubs have attracted the support of opposing factions in the political difficulties of Northern Ireland, which intensified the rivalry in Scotland.[33] Anti-sectarian charity Nil by Mouth notes that some supporters use songs, chants and banners on match days to express abuse or support towards the Protestant or Catholic faiths and proclaim support for Northern Irish based terrorist groups such as the IRA and UVF.[34] A study in 2008 by the University of Strathclyde found that the Old Firm rivalry was "strongly linked to the conflict in Northern Ireland".[33]

There have been nearly 400 Old Firm matches played as of 2011. The games have been described as having an "atmosphere of hatred, religious tension and intimidation which continues to lead to violence in communities across Scotland."[34] The rivalry has fuelled many assaults and even deaths on Old Firm Derby days. Admissions to hospital emergency rooms have been reported to increase ninefold over normal levels[35] and journalist Franklin Foer noted that in the period from 1996 to 2003, eight deaths in Glasgow were directly linked to Old Firm matches, and hundreds of assaults.[35][36]

Both sets of fans fought an on-pitch battle in the aftermath of Celtic's 1–0 victory in the 1980 Scottish Cup Final at Hampden Park.[37] There was serious fan disorder during an Old Firm match played in May 1999 at Celtic Park; missiles were thrown by Celtic fans, including one which struck referee Hugh Dallas, who needed medical treatment, and a small number of fans invaded the pitch.[38]

Sectarianism

Main article: Sectarianism in Glasgow

In March 2008, UEFA investigated Celtic fans for alleged sectarian singing at a match against Barcelona.[39] However the case was dropped before the end of the month due to a lack of evidence.[40]

Both clubs have taken measures to reduce sectarianism.[33] In 1996 Celtic launched their Bhoys Against Bigotry campaign, later followed by Youth Against Bigotry to "educate the young on having ... respect for all aspects of the community — all races, all colours, all creeds".[41]

In November 2011, Celtic were under investigation by UEFA for offensive chants from their fans during their Europa League game against Rennes.[42]

Irish republicanism

Celtic F.C. supporters have traditionally been associated with support for Irish republicanism, and the flying of Irish flags at matches is common.[43] Some groups of Celtic supporters also sing or chant Irish folk and rebel songs,[44] some of which express support for the IRA.[45][46]

In 2008 and 2010, there were protests by small groups of fans over the team wearing the poppy symbol for Remembrance Day, as it is a divisive symbol in Ireland.[47][48][49] Celtic have expressed disapproval of these protests, saying they are damaging to the image of the club and its fans, and that they will ban those involved.[45][49][50]

In November 2011, Celtic were fined £12,700 by UEFA for pro-IRA chanting from some Celtic supporters.[51] In response to this in their Europa League game against Udinese, Celtic fans were seen to have unveiled a banner reading "Fuck UEFA". This was condemned by Celtic chairman, Ian Bankier.[52]

Famous fans

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Celtic to launch credit card for US fans". Scotland on Sunday. 20 July 2003. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  2. ^ The North American Federation of Celtic Supporters Clubs lists some 125 clubs and the Association of Irish Celtic Supporters Clubs 40 more
  3. ^ "Celtic fans get Fifa award". BBC Sport. 12 December 2003. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  4. ^ Coogan, Pat (2002). Wherever Green Is Worn: The Story of the Irish Diaspora. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 250. ISBN 978-1-4039-6014-6. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
  5. ^ Giulianotti, Richard (1999). Football: A Sociology of the Global Game. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-7456-1769-5. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
  6. ^ Smith, Adrian (2004). Sport and National identity in the Post-War World. Routledge. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-415-28301-4. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Stephen, Dobson (2001). The Economics of Football. Cambridge University Press. p. 339. ISBN 978-0-521-66158-4. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Anderson, Christopher (2009). International Journal of Religion and Sport: Volume 1. Mercer University Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-88146-152-7. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
  9. ^ a b "Leeds United: Fans deserve so much more - O'Dea INTERVIEW". Yorkshire Evening Post. 9 August 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  10. ^ Dr Hiroki Ogasawara (16 February 2009). "Celtic football club a real hit with Japanese fans". Goldsmith, University of London. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  11. ^ "Celtic Korea". Retrieved 15/08/2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  12. ^ "Celtic Europa". Retrieved 15/08/2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  13. ^ locations "Nordic locations". Retrieved 15/08/2011. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  14. ^ "Hoops hailed in Kibera". Celtic FC. 16 March 2011. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  15. ^ "Nou brainer". The Sun. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  16. ^ Adam shakes Ibrox pillars with warning of bankruptcy The Scotsman. 2 February 2002. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
  17. ^ a b "Celtic's US fanbase fails to bridge financial gap". The Sunday Times. 25 July 2004. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  18. ^ "The North American federation of Celtic supporters clubs". Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  19. ^ "Struggling Celtic eyes Australian talent". Melbourne: The Age. 12 July 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  20. ^ "Celtic Park (unofficial)". Scottish football grounds. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  21. ^ "2010/11 Average attendances in Scottish football". Scottish premier league. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  22. ^ a b Celebrating Celtic pride in the heart of Andalusia FIFA.com, 15 December 2003
  23. ^ Celtic fans 'Europe's best' BBC Sport, 28 August 2003
  24. ^ Finalists relishing Hampden visit BBC Sport, 4 May 2007
  25. ^ Celtic in Seville Observer Sport Monthly
  26. ^ Celtic 2-3 FC Porto ESPN Soccernet, 21 May 2003
  27. ^ Celtic Fair Play proposal, uefa.com, 11 December 2003
  28. ^ McColl, Graham (2004). THE LITTLE BOOK OF CELTIC. Carlton Books. p. 141. ISBN 1-84442-575-4. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
  29. ^ Giulianotti, Richard (264). Sport: A Critical Sociology. Polity (publisher). p. 77. ISBN 978-0-7456-2546-1. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
  30. ^ Brown, Callum (1997). Religion and Society in Scotland Since 1707. Edinburgh University Press. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-7486-0886-7. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
  31. ^ Wagg, Stephen (2002). British Football & Social Exclusion. Routledge. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-7146-8204-4. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
  32. ^ NFO Social Research Sectarianism in Glasgow - Final Report Glasgow City Council, January 2003
  33. ^ a b c Deuchar, Dr Ross (June 2008). "Territoriality and Sectarianism in Glasgow" (PDF). Strathclyde University.
  34. ^ a b "History of Sectarianism". Nil by Mouth. 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  35. ^ a b Millen, Dianne (April 2004). "Firm Favourites: Old Firm". When Saturday Comes. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
  36. ^ Foer, pp. 36–37
  37. ^ McCarra, Kevin (18 May 2009). "Firm enemies – Rangers and Celtic, 1909–2009". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  38. ^ "Rangers make history out of chaos". BBC News. 3 May 1999. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  39. ^ Grahame, Ewing (29 March 2008). "Uefa inquiry into Celtic 'sectarian' chants". London: The Telegraph. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
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