Automotive industry

The automotive industry is a term that covers a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles, towed vehicles, motorcycles and mopeds. It is one of the world's most important economic sectors by revenue.

The term automotive industry usually does not include industries dedicated to the maintenance of automobiles following delivery to the end-user, such as repair shops and motor fuel filling stations.

The term automotive was created from Greek autos (self), and Latin motivus (of motion) to represent any form of self-powered vehicle. This term was proposed by SAE member Elmer Sperry.

History

Main article: History of the automobile

Thomas B. Jeffery automobile factory in Kenosha, Wisconsin, c.1916

Citroën assembly line in 1918

The automotive industry began in the 1890s with hundreds of manufacturers that pioneered the horseless carriage. For many decades, the United States led the world in total automobile production. In 1929 before the Great Depression, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, and the U.S. automobile industry produced over 90% of them. At that time the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons. After World War II, the U.S. produced about 75 percent of world's auto production. In 1980, the U.S. was overtaken by Japan and became world's leader again in 1994. In 2006, Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production and held this rank until 2009, when China took the top spot with 13.8 million units. With 19.3 million units manufactured in 2012, China almost doubled the U.S. production, with 10.3 million units, while Japan was in third place with 9.9 million units.

Safety

Main article: Automobile safety

Safety is a state that implies to be protected from any risk, danger, damage or cause of injury. In the automotive industry, safety means that users, operators or manufacturers do not face any risk or danger coming from the motor vehicle or its spare parts. Safety for the automotives themselves implies that there is no risk of damage.

Safety in the automotive industry is particularly important and therefore highly regulated. Automobiles and other motor vehicles have to comply with a certain number of norms and regulations, whether local or international, in order to be accepted on the market. The standard ISO 26262 (_See also main article:_ ISO 26262) for instance is considered as one of the best practice framework for achieving automotive functional safety. That is, to ensure that motored vehicles meet all requirements for safe manufacturing and operation for end-users.

In case of safety issues, danger, product defect or faulty procedure during the manufacturing of the motor vehicle, the maker can request to return either a batch or the entire production run. This procedure is called product recall. Product recalls happen in every industry and can be production-related or stem from the raw material.

Product and operation tests and inspections at different stages of the value chain are made to avoid these product recalls by ensuring end-user security and safety and compliance with the automotive industry requirements. However, the automotive industry is still particularly concerned about product recalls, which cause considerable financial consequences.

Economy

See also: Automotive industry by country

Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007, consuming over 260 billion US gallons (980,000,000 m³) of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The automobile is a primary mode of transportation for many developed economies. The Detroit branch of Boston Consulting Group predicts that, by 2014, one-third of world demand will be in the four BRIC markets (Brazil, Russia, India and China). Other potentially powerful automotive markets are Iran and Indonesia. Emerging auto markets already buy more cars than established markets. According to a J.D. Power study, emerging markets accounted for 51 percent of the global light-vehicle sales in 2010. The study expects this trend to accelerate.

World motor vehicle production

See also: List of countries by motor vehicle production

For many decades, the United States led the world in total automobile production. In 1929 before the Great Depression, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, and the US automobile industry produced over 90% of them. At that time the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons. After WWII the U.S. issued 3/4 of world's auto production. In 1980 the U.S. was overtaken by Japan and became world's leader again in 1994. In 2006, Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production and held this rank until 2009, when China took the top spot with 13.8 million units. By producing 18.4 million units in 2011, China produced more than twice the number of automobiles made by the U.S. in second place with 8.7 million units, while Japan was in third place with 8.4 million units.

By country

Main article: List of countries by motor vehicle production

By manufacturer

Rank of manufacturers by production, 2012

Rank	Group	Total	Cars	LCV	HCV	Heavy Bus
1	Toyota	10,104,424	8,381,968	1,448,107	268,377	5,972
2	GM	9,285,425	6,608,567	2,658,612	7,558	10,688
3	Volkswagen	9,254,742	8,576,964	486,544	169,064	22,170
4	Hyundai	7,126,413	6,761,074	279,579	70,290	15,470
5	Ford	5,595,483	3,123,340	2,394,221	77,922
6	Nissan	4,889,379	3,830,954	1,022,974	35,451
7	Honda	4,110,857	4,078,376	32,481
8	PSA	2,911,764	2,554,059	357,705
9	Suzuki	2,893,602	2,483,721	409,881
10	Renault	2,676,226	2,302,769	373,457
11	Chrysler	2,371,427	656,892	1,702,235	12,300
12	Daimler AG	2,195,152	1,455,650	257,496	450,622	31,384
13	FIAT	2,127,295	1,501,979	498,984	85,513	40,819
14	BMW	2,065,477	2,065,216	261
15	SAIC	1,783,548	1,523,398	190,848	67,805	1,497
16	Tata	1,241,239	744,067	314,399	165,171	17,602
17	Mazda	1,189,283	1,097,661	91,622
18	Dongfeng Motor	1,137,950	539,845	245,641	337,545	14,919
19	Mitsubishi	1,109,731	980,001	127,435	2,295
20	Changan	1,063,721	835,334	166,727	59,978	1,682
21	Geely	922,906	922,906
22	Fuji	753,320	734,959	18,361
23	BAIC	720,828	83,033	285,081	348,659	4,055
24	FAW	706,012	480,443	52,983	168,793	3,793
25	Great Wall	624,426	487,704	136,722
26	Mahindra	606,418	429,101	173,083	3,461	773
27	Isuzu	600,470		32,309	565,617	2,544
28	Chery	563,951	550,565	13,386
29	Avtovaz	553,232	553,232
30	Brilliance	489,770	231,527	231,862	26,381
31	JAC	476,356	200,278	114,864	145,811	15,403
32	BYD	455,444	455,444
33	Chonhqing Lifan	272,657	183,750	24,035	64,872
34	Volvo	234,680			224,000	10,680
35	Proton	162,455	134,934	27,521
36	China National Heavy Duty Truck	127,792		1,224	125,792	776
37	Paccar	125,336			125,336
38	GAZ	125,319		88,899	21,561	14,859
39	Ashok Leyland	117,738		30,776	61,519	25,443
40	Hunan Jiangnan Automobile Manufacturing Co.	117,051	117,051
41	GAC Group	114,157	87,408	25,611		1,138
42	Shannxi	86,283	8,044	166	77,808	265
43	Porsche	86,083	86,083
44	Soueast (Fujian)	85,515	81,512	4,003
45	Navistar	83,371			72,005	11,366
46	Xiamen King Long	78,226		36,451		41,775
47	UAZ	70,434	32,469	37,965
48	Tangjun Ou Ling	69,167		16,459	52,708
49	Hebei Zhongxing	63,221	4,955	58,266
50	Sichuan Nanjun	60,743		18,296	41,602	845

OICA defines these entries as follows:

• Passenger cars are motor vehicles with at least four wheels, used for the transport of passengers, and comprising no more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat.
• Light commercial vehicles (LCV) are motor vehicles with at least four wheels, used for the carriage of goods. Mass given in tons (metric tons) is used as a limit between light commercial vehicles and heavy trucks. This limit depends on national and professionnal definitions and varies between 3.5 and 7 tons. Minibuses, derived from light commercial vehicles, are used for the transport of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat and having a maximum mass between 3.5 and 7 tons.
• Heavy trucks (HCV) are vehicles intended for the carriage of goods. Maximum authorised mass is over the limit (ranging from 3.5 to 7 tons) of light commercial vehicles. They include tractor vehicles designed for towing semi-trailers.
• Buses and coaches are used for the transport of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat, and having a maximum mass over the limit (ranging from 3.5 to 7 tones) of light commercial vehicles.

Company relationships

It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.

Notable current relationships include:

• AB Volvo and Eicher Motors has a 50-50% joint venture called VE Commercial Vehicles.
• Anadolu Group and Isuzu have a 50-50% joint venture called Anadolu Isuzu.
• Beijing Automotive Group has a joint venture with Daimler called Beijing Benz, both companies hold a 50-50% stake. both companies also have a joint venture called Beijing Foton Daimler Automobile. BAG also has a joint venture with Hyundai called Beijing Hyundai, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.
• BMW and Brilliance have a joint venture called BMW Brilliance. BMW owns a 50% stake, Brilliance owns a 40.5% stake, and the Shenyang municipal government owns a 9.5% stake.
• Chang'an Automobile Group has three joint ventures, one with PSA Peugeot Citroen(CAPSA), both hold a 50-50% stake, one with Suzuki(Changan Suzuki), both hold a 50-50% stake, and one with Ford and Mazda(Changan Ford Mazda), CAG holds a 50% stake, Ford holds a 35% stake, and Mazda holds a 15% stake. Chang'an and Ford have a joint venture called Chang'an Ford Nanjing. Jiangling and Chang'an have a joint venture called Jiangxi Jiangling.
• Chery has a joint venture with Tata Motors called Chery Jaguar Land Rover, both companies hold a 50-50% stake. Chery and Israel Corporation has a joint venture called Qoros, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.
• Daimler AG holds a 20% stake in Eicher Motors, a 10.0% stake in KAMAZ, an 89.29% stake in Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation, a 4.7% stake in Tesla Motors, a 6.75% stake in Tata Motors and a 3.1% in the Renault-Nissan Alliance, a 12% stake in Beijing Automotive Group, and an 85% stake in Master Motors. Daimler and BYD Auto have a joint venture called Denza, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.
• Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Nissan have a 50-50% joint venture called Venucia, and another 50-50% joint venture called Dongfeng Motor Company. Dongfeng and PSA Group have a 50-50% joint venture called Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroen, a 50-50% joint venture with Honda called Dongfeng Honda, a joint venture with AB Volvo called Dongfeng Nissan-Diesel.
• Fiat holds a 90% stake in Ferrari, 100% of Chrysler, and a 67% stake in Fiat Automobili Srbija.
• Fiat Automobili Srbija owns a 54% stake in Zastava Trucks.
• Fiat Industrial owns a 46% stake in Zastava Trucks.
• Ford Motor Company holds a 3% stake in Mazda, a 12.1% share in Aston Martin, a 49% share in Jiangling Motors. Ford and Navistar International have a 50-50 joint venture called Blue Dimond Truck. Ford and Sollers JSC have a 50-50 joint venture called Ford Sollers. Both Ford and Koç Holding own a 41% stake in Ford Otosan. Ford and Lio Ho Group hanve a joint venture called Ford Lio Ho, Ford owns 70% and Lio Ho Group owns 30%.
• FAW Group and GM has a 50-50 joint venture called FAW-GM, a 50-50 joint venture with Volkswagen Group called FAW-Volkswagen, and a 50-50 joint venture with Toyota called Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor and both companies also have another joint venture called Ranz. FAW Group owns 49% of Haima Automobile
• Fujian Motors Group holds a 15% stake in King Long. FMG, China Motor, and Daimler has a joint venture called Fujian Benz. FMG, China Motor, and Mitsubishi Motors has a joint venture called Soueast, FMG holds a 50% stake, and both China Motor and Mitsubishi Motors holds an equal 25% stake.
• Geely Automobile holds a 23% stake in Manganese Bronze Holdings.
• General Motors holds a 20% stake in Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines. General Motors and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC), and has two joint ventures in Shanghai General Motors and SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile. Both also hold an equal 50% stake in General Motors India Private Limited. And General Motors holds a 94% stake in GM Korea and SAIC Group holds a 6% stake. General Motors and UzAvtosanoat have a joint venture called GM Uzbekistan, UzAvtosanoat owns 75% and General Motors owns 25%. General Motors and UzAvtosanoat also have a joint venture called UzDaewooAvto both each hold a 50-50 stake. GM, AvtoVAZ, and EBRD have a joint venture called GM-AvtoVAZ, Both GM and AvtoVAZ owns 41.61% and EBRD owns 16.76%.
• Hyundai Motor Group and Kibar Holding has a joint venture called Hyundai Assan Otomotiv, Hyundai Motor Group owns 70% and Kibar Holding owns 30%.
• Isuzu and General Motors has a 50-50% joint venture called Isuzu Truck South Africa. Isuzu owns 10% of Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines. Isuzu, Sollers JSC, and Imperial Sojitz have a joint venture called Sollers-Isuzu, Sollers JSC owns66%, Isuzu owns 29%, and Imperial Sojitz owns 5%.
• Mahindra & Mahindra and Navistar International has a joint venture called Mahindra Trucks and Buses Limited. Mahindra & Mahindra owns 51% and Navistar International owns 49%.
• MAN SE holds a 17.01% voting stake in Scania. MAN and UzAvtosanoat have a joint venture called MAN Auto-Uzbekistan, UzAvtosanoat owns 51% and MAN owns 49%.
• Marcopolo owns 19% of New Flyer Industries.
• Navistar International and JAC has a joint venture called Anhui Jianghuai Navistar.
• Nissan owns 43% of Nissan Shatai.
• Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.74% voting stake in Volkswagen Group. The Porsche automotive business is fully owned by the Volkswagen Group.
• PSA Peugeot Citroen and Toyota have a 50-50% joint venture called Toyota Peugeot Citroen Automobile Czech, and another joint venture with Chang'an called Chang'an PSA automobile.
• Renault and Nissan Motors have an alliance( Renault-Nissan Alliance ) involving two global companies linked by cross-shareholding, with Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, and Nissan holding 15% of (non-voting) Renault shares. The alliance holds a 3.1% share in Daimler AG.
• Renault holds a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ and an 80.1% stake in Renault Samsung.
• SAIPA holds a 51% stake in Pars Khodro.
• Sollers JSC is involved in Joint ventures with Ford(Ford Sollers) and Mazda to produce cars.
• Toyota holds a 51% stake in Daihatsu, 16.5% in Fuji Heavy Industries, parent company of Subaru, and a 10% stake in Tesla, .
• Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting rights), a 53.7% stake in MAN SE (55.9% voting rights), and a 99.55% stake in the Audi Group. Volkswagen is integrating Scania, MAN and its own truck division into one division.Volkswagen Group has a 19.9% stake in Suzuki, and Suzuki has a 5% stake in Volkswagen.
• Paccar inc. has a 19% stake in Tatra.
• Tata Motors also formed a joint venture with Fiat and gained access to Fiat’s diesel engine technology.Tata Motors sells Fiat cars in India through a 50/50 joint venture Fiat Automobiles India Limited, and is looking to extend its relationship with Fiat and Iveco to other segments. Tata and Marcopolo have a Tata Marcopolo, Tata owns 51% and Marcopolo owns 49%.
• ZAP owns 51% of Zhejiang Jonway.

Top vehicle manufacturing groups by volume

The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by 2011 end-of-year production figures from the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA) for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque. Joint ventures are not reflected in this table. Production figures of joint ventures are typically included in OICA rankings, which can become a source of controversy.

Note: This section does not include the selling of other products in a region; example: CAT sells commercial vehicles in the US, Canada, Mexico, Australia, and New Zealand, but sells its other products worldwide. If the table (markets) says that a brand is available in example North America, it doesn't include territories controlled by countries on other continents. Example: GMC isn't available in any European territories within North America. Depending on the situation between one country and another, that automotive brand may or may not be available in that certain country. Example: Because the United States and Iran do not have embassies with each other, automakers from both countries are not allowed to do business within the country, so Ford is available worldwide except Cuba, Iran, North Korea, and Bhutan. Also if an automaker owns minority (less than 50%) or majority ownership of an automotive company from another country that established relationships with a country that its parent automaker with its headquarters in a country with no established relationship with that country, depending on the situation, the parent company may be forced to have the automotive company that it has practical ownership of to leave that country, if issued by the government of that country. While the parent company that has majority to fully owned ownership of a company from another country, that parent company is not allowed to have that company operate in that certain country. Example; General Motors has partial ownership in PSA Peugeot Citroen, and due to the situation with Iran, General Motors forced PSA Group to leave Iran. And General Motors has complete ownership of Opel and because of that, General Motors is not allowed to have the foreign company operate in countries the U.S. doesn't have an embassy with.

Marque	Country of origin	Ownership	Markets
1. Toyota Motor Corporation (Japan)
Daihatsu		Subsidiary	Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America
Hino		Subsidiary	South East Asia, Japan, North America and South America
Lexus		Division	South East Asia, Japan, Middle East, United States, Canada, Europe, Brazil, Panama, Chile, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India
Ranz		Joint-venture	China
Scion		Division	United States, Canada
Toyota		Division	Global, except Iran
2. General Motors Company (United States)
Baojun		Joint venture	China
Buick		Division	United States, Canada, Mexico, China, Israel
Cadillac		Division	North America, Europe, Middle East, China, Japan, South Korea
Chevrolet		Division	Global, except Australia, New Zealand
GMC		Division	North America, Middle East(except Israel)
Holden		Subsidiary	Australia, New Zealand
HSV		Subsidiary	Australia, New Zealand
Jie Fang		Joint venture	China
Opel		Subsidiary	Europe (except UK), North Africa, South Africa, Middle East, China, Singapore, Chile
Vauxhall		Subsidiary	United Kingdom
UzDaewoo		Joint venture	Central Asia, Russia
Wuling		Joint venture	China
2. Volkswagen Group AG (Germany)
Audi		Subsidiary	Global, except Iran
Bentley		Subsidiary	Global
Bugatti		Subsidiary	Global
Lamborghini		Subsidiary	Global
Ducati		Subsidiary	Global
MAN		Subsidiary	Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, India
Porsche		Subsidiary	Global, except Iran
Scania		Subsidiary	Global
SEAT		Subsidiary	Europe, South America, Africa, Middle East, China, Mexico
Škoda		Subsidiary	Europe, Asia, Central America (including Dominican Republic), South America, Northern and western Africa, Australia, New Zealand
Volkswagen		Subsidiary	Global
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles		Subsidiary	Europe, Central America, South America, Australia, China
4. Hyundai Motor Group (South Korea)
Hyundai		Division	Global, except Mexico
Kia		Subsidiary	Global
5. Ford Motor Company (United States)
Ford		Division	Global
FPV		Subsidiary	Australia, New Zealand
Lincoln		Division	United States, Canada, Mexico, Middle East, Japan, South Korea, China
Troller		Subsidiary	South America, Africa
6. Nissan (Japan)
Datsun		Division	Indonesia, India, Russia, South Africa
Infiniti		Subsidiary	Global, except Japan, Korea, South America and Africa
Nissan		Division	Global
Venucia		Joint venture	China
7. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Netherlands)
Abarth		Subsidiary	Global, except Iran
Alfa Romeo		Subsidiary	Global, except Iran, China, Taiwan and the Philippines
Chrysler		Subsidiary	Global, except Europe (excluding UK and Ireland), Africa (excluding South Africa and Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia (excluding the Philippines)
Dodge		Subsidiary	Global, except Europe, Africa(excluding South Africa and Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia (excluding the Philippines)
Ferrari		Subsidiary	Global, except Africa(excluding South Africa), Iran, South East Asia
Fiat		Subsidiary	Global, except Africa(excluding South Africa), Iran, South East Asia
Fiat Professional		Subsidiary	Global, except Africa(excluding South Africa), Iran, South East Asia, United States, Canada
Jeep		Subsidiary	Global, except Africa(excluding South Africa and Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia (excluding the Philippines)
Lancia		Subsidiary	Europe (except UK and Ireland, Cyprus, Denmark, Norway, Iceland & East Europe)
Maserati		Subsidiary	Global
Ram		Subsidiary	United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Middle East
SRT		Subsidiary	Global, except Africa(excluding South Africa and Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia
Zastava Trucks		Subsidiary	Europe
8. PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. (France)
Citroën		Subsidiary	Europe, Central and South America, Northern and Western Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, Asia (except India, Pakistan and Bangladesh)
Peugeot		Subsidiary	Global, except USA, Canada, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh
9. Honda Motor Company (Japan)
Acura		Division	United States, Canada, Mexico, China
Everus		Joint venture	China
Honda		Division	Global
10. Renault (France)
Dacia		Subsidiary	Europe, Middle East, Northern Africa
Renault		Division	Global, except United States, Canada, Korea, Africa (excluding Northern Africa, Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa)
Renault Samsung		Subsidiary	South Korea, Chile
11. Suzuki Motor Corporation (Japan)
Suzuki		Division	Global, except USA, Canada and Korea
Maruti Suzuki		Subsidiary	India, Middle East, South America
12. BMW AG (Germany)
BMW		Division	Global
MINI		Division	Global
Rolls-Royce		Subsidiary	Global
13. Daimler AG (Germany)
BharatBenz		Division	India
Denza		Joint venture	China
Freightliner		Division	North America, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand
Master		Subsidiary	Pakistan
Mercedes-Benz		Division	Global
Mitsubishi Fuso		Subsidiary	Global
Setra		Division	Europe, Asia, USA
Smart		Division	Global
Thomas Built		Subsidiary	North America
Western Star		Subsidiary	North America, Australia, New Zealand
14. Mazda Motor Corporation (Japan)
Mazda		Division	Global, except Korea
15. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (Japan)
Mitsubishi		Division	Global, except Korea
Ralliart		Subsidiary	Global, Except Korea
16. Dongfeng Motor Corporation (China)
Fengshen		Division	China
Venucia		Joint venture	China
17. Tata Motors, Ltd (India)
Hispano		Subsidiary	Europe
Jaguar		Subsidiary	Global
Land Rover		Subsidiary	Global
Tata		Division	India, Ghana, Italy, Nepal, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Nigeria, Australia
Tata Daewoo		Subsidiary	South Korea, Pakistan
18. Geely Automobile (China)
Englon		Division	China
Emgrand		Division	China, United Kingdom, Turkey
Gleagle		Division	China
Geely		Division	China, Taiwan, Russia, North Africa, Middle East, South America, South Africa, Australia, Turkey
Maple		Division	China
Volvo (Cars)		Subsidiary	Global
19. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation, Ltd (China)
BAW		Division	China
Foton		Subsidiary	China, Taiwan, Japan, Australia, South America, India
20. Chana Automobile Company, Ltd (China)
Chana		Division	China, Taiwan, South Africa, Europe
Hafei		Subsidiary	China
Changhe		Division	China, Venezuela
Tiger Truck		Subsidiary	United States, Canada
21. SAIPA (Iran)
Pars Khodro		Subsidiary	Iran
SAIPA		Division	Iran, Syria
SAIPA Diesel		Subsidiary	Iran
Zamyad		Subsidiary	Iran
22. Chery Automobile Company, Ltd (China)
Chery		Division	China, South East Asia, Russia, South Africa, South America, Australia
Qoros		Joint-Venture	China, Europe, Israel
Riich		Division	China
Rely		Division	China
23. OAO AvtoVAZ (Russia)
Lada		Division	Europe (except United Kingdom, Portugal and Malta), Central Asia
VIS		Division	Russia
24. First Automotive Group Corporation (China)
Besturn		Division	China
Freewind		Subsidiary	China
Haima		Subsidiary	China
Hongqi		Division	China
Jiaxing		Subsidiary	China
Jie Fang		Joint venture	China
Vita		Subsidiary	China
Xiali		Subsidiary	China
25. Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd (Japan)
Subaru		Division	Global, except Mexico and Korea
26. Great Wall Motor Company, Ltd (China)
Great Wall		Division	China, Taiwan, South Africa, Russia, North Africa, Australia, Europe, Middle East
27. Isuzu Motors, Ltd (Japan)
Isuzu		Division	Global, except Brazil and Korea
28. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company, Ltd (China)
JAC		Division	China, Africa, Brazil
29. Brilliance China Automotive Holding, Ltd (China)
Brilliance		Division	China, North Africa
Jinbei		Subsidiary	China
30. SAIC Motor (China)
Baojun		Joint venture	China
Maxus		Division	China, Australia, South Africa, United Kingdom, Chile, Malaysia
MG Motor		Subsidiary	China, United Kingdom, South America, Australia
Roewe		Division	China, Belarus
Soyat		Division	China
Yuejin		Division	China
Wuling		Joint venture	China
31. BYD Auto (China)
BYD		Division	China, Taiwan, Russia, United States, Canada
Denza		Joint venture	China
32. Mahindra & Mahindra, Ltd (India)
Mahindra		Division	India, South East Asia, Europe, North Africa, North America, Australia
REVA		Division	India
SsangYong		Subsidiary	Global, except North America and Japan
33. AB Volvo (Sweden)
Mack		Subsidiary	United States, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Peru, Australia
NovaBus		Subsidiary	North America
Prevost		Subsidiary	North America
Renault Trucks		Subsidiary	Global, except Japan, United States and Canada
UD Trucks		Subsidiary	Global
Volvo Trucks		Subsidiary	Global
35. Iran Khodro Company (Iran)
Iran Khodoro		Division	Middle East,Northern Africa, Russia, Belarus, Central Asia, China, Venezuela
IKCO Diesel		Division	Middle East, Northern and Western Africa
36. Chongqing Lifan Automobile Company, Ltd (China)
Lifan		Division	China, Taiwan, Russia, Middle East, South America
37. Proton Holdings, Bhd (Malaysia)
Lotus		Subsidiary	Global
Proton		Division	Southeast Asia, China, Australia, United Kingdom, Middle East
38. Jiangling Motors (China)
Jiangling		Division	China, Europe
39. Fujian Motors Group (China)
Soueast		Joint-Venture	China
King Long		Joint-Venture	China, South East Asia, India, North America, Europe, Middle East, Australia, New Zealand
Xiamen Golden Dragon		Joint-Venture	China, South East Asia, Middle East, Africa, South America
Higer Bus		Joint-Venture	China,South Asia, Middle East, Africa, Russia, Eastern Europe, United States, Canada, Central America, South America
40. Kuozui Motors, Ltd (Taiwan)
Kuozui		Subsidiary	Taiwan
42. China National Heavy Duty Truck Group (China)
Sinotruck		Division	China
43. Hunan Jiangnan Automobile (China)
Jiangnan		Division	China
44. Paccar Inc. (United States)
DAF Trucks		Subsidiary	Global, except North America and Japan
Kenworth		Division	North America, Australia
Leyland Trucks		Subsidiary	Global, except North America and Japan
Peterbilt		Division	North America
45. GAZ (Russia)
GAZ		Division	Russia, Europe, Central Asia
LiAZ		Subsidiary	Russia
Ural Trucks		Division	Russia
46. Shaanxi Automobile Group (China)
Shaanxi		Division	China
47. Qingling Motors Company Ltd. (China)
Qingling		Division	China
48. Ashok Leyland (India)
Ashok Leyland		Division	South Asia, Middle East, East Africa
49. Navistar International Corporation (United States)
eStar		Division	United States, Canada
IC		Subsidiary	United States, Canada
International		Division	North America, South America, Russia, Middle East, Egypt, South Africa
??. Fiat Industrial S.p.A (Italy)
Defence Vehicles		Subsidiary	Europe
Heuliez Bus		Subsidiary	Europe
Iveco		Subsidiary	Global
Iveco Astra		Subsidiary	Europe
Iveco Bus		Subsidiary	Global, except North America
Magirus		Subsidiary	Global, except North America
??. Oshkosh Corporation (United States)
Oshkosh		Division	USA, Canada, China
??. Yulon Motor (Taiwan)
Luxgen		Division	Taiwan, China, Oman
Tobe		Division	Taiwan
??. Shandong Kaima (China)
Kaima		Division	China
Jubao		Division	China
Aofeng		Division	China
??. Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group Co Ltd (China)
Changfeng		Subsidiary	China, Russia, Middle East, Africa
Everus		Joint venture	China
Gonow		Subsidiary	China
Trumpchi		Division	China
??. Micro (cars) (Sri Lanka)
Micro (cars)		Division	Sri Lanka
??. Rongcheng Hawtai Automobile (China)
Hawtai		Division	China
??. Caterpillar Inc. (United States)
CAT		Division	United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand

See also

CEOs of major automotive companies together with German chancellor Angela Merkel at the Electromobility Summit 2013 in Berlin. F.r.t.l.: Neumann (Opel), Varin (former PSA), Zetsche (Daimler), Wan Gang (China)

• Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
• Automotive industry by country
• Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010
• Automotive market
• Big Three automobile manufacturers
• Effects of the 2008-2009 automotive industry crisis on the United States
• List of countries by motor vehicle production
• Motocycle
• Largest automotive companies by revenue

External links

• Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
• All vehicle manufacturers in the world (in Dutch with English etc. translation)
• Car makes of the world, 1894—present