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Foreign relations of Denmark

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Also related: Foreign relations of Greenland

U.S. President George W. Bush and Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen hold a joint press conference outside Marienborg, July 2005.
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and Danish Prime Minister Lars Lokke Rasmussen hold a joint press conference, April 2010.
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The foreign policy of Denmark is based on its identity as a sovereign state in Europe, the Arctic and the North Atlantic. As such its primary foreign policy focus is on its relations with other nations as a sovereign state compromising the three constituent countries: Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Denmark has long had good relations with other nations. It has been involved in coordinating Western assistance to the Baltic states (Estonia,[1] Latvia, and Lithuania).[2] The country is a strong supporter of international peacekeeping. Danish forces were heavily engaged in the former Yugoslavia in the UN Protection Force (UNPROFOR), with IFOR,[3] and now SFOR.[4] Denmark also strongly supported American operations in Afghanistan and has contributed both monetarily and materially to the ISAF.[5] These initiatives are a part of the "active foreign policy" of Denmark. Instead of the traditional adaptative foreign policy of The unity of the Realm, Kingdom of Denmark is today pursuing an active foreign policy, where human rights, democracy and other crucial values is to be defended actively. In recent years, Greenland and the Faroe Islands have been guaranteed a say in foreign policy issues, such as fishing, whaling and geopolitical concerns.

Following World War II, Denmark ended its two-hundred-year-long policy of neutrality. Denmark has been a member of NATO since its founding in 1949, and membership in NATO remains highly popular.[6] There were several serious confrontations between the U.S. and Denmark on security policy in the so-called "footnote era" (1982–88), when an alternative parliamentary majority forced the government to adopt specific national positions on nuclear and arms control issues. The alternative majority in these issues was because the Social liberal Party (Radikale Venstre) supported the governing majority in economic policy issues, but was against certain NATO policies and voted with the left in these issues. The conservative led Centre-right government accepted this variety of "minority parliamentarism", that is, without making it a question of the government's parliamentary survival.[6] With the end of the Cold War, however, Denmark has been supportive of U.S. policy objectives in the Alliance.

Danes have a reputation as "reluctant" Europeans. When they rejected ratification of the Maastricht Treaty on 2 June 1992, they put the EC's plans for the European Union on hold.[7] In December 1992, the rest of the EC agreed to exempt Denmark from certain aspects of the European Union, including a common security and defense policy, a common currency, EU citizenship, and certain aspects of legal cooperation. The Amsterdam Treaty was approved in the referendum of 28 May 1998. In the autumn of 2000, Danish citizens rejected membership of the Euro currency group in a referendum. The Lisbon treaty was ratified by the Danish parliament alone.[8] It was not considered a surrendering of national sovereignty, which would have implied the holding of a referendum according to article 20 of the constitution.[9]

History

Main article: History of Denmark

In 1807 Denmark was neutral but Britain bombarded Copenhagen and seized the Danish Navy, Denmark became an ally of Napoleon. After Napoleon was profoundly defeated in Russia in 1812, the Allies repeatedly offered King Frederick VI a proposal to change sides and break with Napoleon. The king refused. Therefore, at the peace of Kiel in 1814, Denmark was forced to cede Norway to Sweden. Denmark thus became one of the chief losers of the Napoleonic Wars. Danish historiography portrayed King Frederick VI as stubborn and incompetent, and motivated by a blind loyalty to Napoleon. However a more recent Danish historiographical approach emphasizes the Danish state was multi-territorial, and included the semi – separate Kingdom of Norway. It was dependent for food on grain imports controlled by Napoleon, and worried about Swedish ambitions. From the king's perspective, these factors called for an alliance with Napoleon. Furthermore, the king expected the war would end in a negotiated international conference, with Napoleon playing a powerful role that included saving Norway for Denmark.[10][11]

1900–1945

Further information: Denmark in World War II

The Danish government responded to the First World War by declaring neutrality 1914–1918. It maintained that status until 1945 and accordingly adjusted trade; humanitarianism; diplomacy; and attitudes. The war thus reshaped economic relations and shifting domestic power balances.[12]

1990–

Since the end of the Cold War, Denmark has become more supportive of U.S. foreign policy. Denmark supported the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003 and contributed assets to the invasion.[13][14] Denmark also participated in the Afghanistan War.[13] Denmark increased its participation in military and peacekeeping operations compared to the pre-Cold War period.[13] Whereas Denmark only participated in 13 military operations from 1945 to 1989, Denmark participated in 76 military operations between 1990 and 2018.[13]

International disputes

  • Hans Island. An island located between Greenland and Canadian Arctic islands. Unresolved boundary disputed between Canada and Denmark (The state of Denmark is responsible for Greenland's foreign relations). This dispute flared up again in July 2005 following the visit of a Canadian minister to the disputed island.[15]
  • North Pole. Denmark is trying to prove that the North Pole is geographically connected to Greenland. If such proof is established, the Kingdom will claim the North Pole.[16]

Europe

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Albania 29 May 1970[17] See Albania–Denmark relations
 Andorra 4 May 1994[20]
  • Andorra is represented in Denmark through a non-resident ambassador based in Andorra La Vella.[21]
  • Denmark is represented in Andorra, through its embassy in Madrid.[22]
 Armenia 14 January 1992[23] See Armenia–Denmark relations
  • Armenia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[24]
  • Denmark is represented in Armenia, through its embassy in Kyiv.[25]
 Austria May 1621[26] See Austria–Denmark relations
 Azerbaijan 2 April 1992[29] See Azerbaijan–Denmark relations
  • Azerbaijan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in the United Kingdom.[30]
  • Denmark is represented in Azerbaijan, through its embassy in Turkey.[31]
 Belarus 4 February 1992[32][33] See Belarus–Denmark relations
  • Belarus is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Sweden.[34]
  • Denmark is represented through its embassy in Moscow.[35]
 Belgium 25 February 1837[36] See Belgium–Denmark relations
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 June 1992[39] See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Denmark relations
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Copenhagen.[40]
  • Denmark is represented in Bosnia and Herzegovina through its embassy in Ljubljana.[41]
 Bulgaria 17 April 1931[42] See Bulgaria–Denmark relations
 Croatia 1 February 1992[45] See Croatia–Denmark relations
 Cyprus 2 November 1960[48] See Cyprus–Denmark relations
 Czech Republic 1 January 1993[51] See Czech Republic–Denmark relations
 Estonia 5 February 1921[note 1][54] See Denmark–Estonia relations
  • After the restoration of Estonia's independence in 1991, Denmark was the second country to re-establish diplomatic relations with Estonia on 24 August 1991.[55]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Tallinn.[56]
  • Estonia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[57]
  • "Estonian Foreign Affairs: Country by Country". Archived from the original on 18 July 2007.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
 Finland 18 February 1918[58] See Denmark–Finland relations
 France 8 July 1498[61][62] See Denmark–France relations
 Georgia 1 July 1992[65] See Denmark–Georgia relations
  • Denmark is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Ukraine.[66]
  • Georgia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[67]
 Germany 11 June 1951[68][69] See Denmark–Germany relations
 Greece 31 October 1846[72] See Denmark–Greece relations
 Hungary 10 May 1948[75] See Denmark–Hungary relations
 Iceland 16 August 1920[78][79] See Denmark–Iceland relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Reykjavík.[80]
  • Iceland has an embassy in Copenhagen.[81]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
 Ireland January 1962[82] See Denmark–Ireland relations
 Italy 2 September 1861[85] See Denmark–Italy relations
 Kosovo 6 March 2008[89] See Denmark–Kosovo relations
  • Denmark recognized Kosovo on 21 February 2008.[90]
  • Denmark is represented in Kosovo, through its embassy in Tirana.[91]
 Latvia 7 February 1921[note 2][92] See Denmark–Latvia relations
 Liechtenstein
  • Liechtenstein is represented in Denmark through its embassy in Switzerland.[95]
 Lithuania 18 July 1923[note 3][96] See Denmark–Lithuania relations
 Luxembourg 19 June 1879[100]
 Malta 26 March 1969[103]
  • Denmark has a consulate general in Valletta.[104]
  • Malta has an embassy in Copenhagen.[21]
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
 Moldova 20 January 1992[105] See Denmark–Moldova relations
  • Denmark is represented in Moldova through its embassy in Bucharest.[106]
  • Moldova is represented in Denmark through its embassy in Berlin.[105]
 Monaco 4 March 1930[107]
16 July 2011[108]
  • Denmark is represented in Monaco, through its embassy in Paris.[109]
 Montenegro 15 June 2006[110] See Denmark–Montenegro relations
  • Denmark is represented in Montenegro through its embassy in Serbia.[111]
  • Montenegro is represented in Denmark through a non-resident ambassador based in Podgorica.[21]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
 Netherlands 31 March 1605[112] See Denmark–Netherlands relations
 North Macedonia 8 April 1993[115] See Denmark–North Macedonia relations
  • Denmark is represented in North Macedonia, through its embassy in Vienna.[115]
  • North Macedonia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[116]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
 Norway 7 November 1905[117] See Denmark–Norway relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Oslo.[118]
  • Norway has an embassy in Copenhagen.[119]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
 Poland 7 July 1945[120] See Denmark–Poland relations
 Portugal 18 March 1641[123] See Denmark–Portugal relations
 Romania 13 April 1917[126] See Denmark–Romania relations
 Russia 8 November 1493[129] See Denmark–Russia relations
 San Marino 31 January 1962[132]
  • Denmark is represented in San Marino through its embassy in Rome.[133]
  • San Marino is represented in Denmark through a non-resident ambassador based in City of San Marino.[21]
 Serbia 19 October 1917[134] See Denmark–Serbia relations
 Slovakia 1 January 1993[138] See Denmark–Slovakia relations
 Slovenia 20 January 1992[141] See Denmark–Slovenia relations
 Spain 3 February 1641[144][145] See Denmark–Spain relations
 Sweden 6 June 1523[148] See Denmark–Sweden relations
  Switzerland 10 February 1875[150] See Denmark–Switzerland relations
 Turkey 26 January 1925 See Turkey in Middle East Above
 Ukraine 12 February 1992[153] See Denmark–Ukraine relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Kyiv.[154]
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Copenhagen.[155]
 United Kingdom 2 May 1490[156] See Denmark–United Kingdom relations
  • The United Kingdom has an embassy in Copenhagen.[157]
  • Denmark has an embassy in London.[158]
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
 Vatican City 2 August 1982[159]
  • Denmark's diplomatic relations with the Vatican City were established in 1982 after having been suspended since the reformation in 1536.
  • Denmark is represented in the Vatican City, through its embassy in Bern.[160]

Americas

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Antigua and Barbuda 28 October 1985[161]
 Argentina 20 January 1841[163] See Argentina–Denmark relations
 Bahamas June 1991[166]
  • Denmark is represented in Bahamas, through its embassy in Mexico, Denmark has a consulate in Nassau.[167]
 Barbados 20 August 1979[168]
  • Denmark is represented in Barbados, through its embassy in Mexico City.[169]
  • Barbados is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[21]
 Belize 15 November 1991[170]
  • Denmark is represented in Belize, through its embassy in Nicaragua.[171]
 Bolivia 9 November 1931[172] See Bolivia–Denmark relations
  • Bolivia is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.[173]
  • Denmark is accredited to Bolivia from its embassy in Bogotá, Colombia.[174]
 Brazil 26 April 1828[175][176] See Brazil–Denmark relations
 Canada February 1946[179][180][181] See Canada–Denmark relations
  • Canada has an embassy in Copenhagen.[182]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Ottawa.[183]
 Chile April 1839[184][185] See Chile–Denmark relations
 Colombia 18 May 1935[188]
  • Colombia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[21]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Bogotá.[189]
 Costa Rica 26 September 1956[190]
 Cuba 29 June 1911[192]
 Dominica 20 February 2019[195]
  • Denmark is represented in Dominica, through its embassy in Mexico.[196]
 Dominican Republic 17 December 1851[197]
  • Denmark is represented in the Dominican Republic, through its embassy in Mexico.[198]
  • Dominican Republic is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[21]
 Ecuador June 1841[199]
 El Salvador 9 July 1958[201]
  • Denmark has a consulate in San Salvador.[171]
  • A treaty of Commerce and Navigation was signed on 9 July 1958.[202]
 Grenada 6 November 2018[203]
  • Denmark is represented in Grenada, through its embassy in Mexico.[204]
  • Grenada is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[21]
 Guatemala 12 January 1995[205]
  • Denmark has a consulate general in Guatemala City.[171]
 Guyana 16 November 1979[206]
  • Denmark is represented in Guyana, through its embassy in Brasília.[207]
  • Guyana is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[21]
 Haiti 1826[208]
  • Denmark is represented in Haiti, through its embassy in Mexico.[209]
  • Haiti is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[21]
 Honduras 22 March 1945[210]
  • Denmark have a consulate general in Tegucigalpa.[171]
  • Honduras is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[211]
 Jamaica 14 October 1974[212]
  • Denmark is represented in Jamaica, through its embassy in Mexico.[213]
  • Jamaica is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[21]
 Mexico 19 July 1827[214] See Denmark–Mexico relations
 Nicaragua See Denmark–Nicaragua relations
 Panama 30 June 1937[219]
 Paraguay 18 July 1903[220]
  • Paraguay is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.
  • Denmark is represented in Paraguay, through its embassy in Buenos Aires.[221]
  • Denmark also has an honorary consulate in Asunción.
 Peru 18 May 1848[222]
  • Peru is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[21]
  • Denmark has a consulate general in Lima.[223]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis None[224]
  • Denmark is represented in St. Kitts and Nevis, through its embassy in Washington D.C.[225]
 Saint Lucia 20 December 1982[226]
  • Denmark is represented in St. Lucia, through its embassy in Mexico.[227]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 19 September 1985[228]
  • Denmark is represented in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, through its embassy in Mexico.[229]
 Suriname 27 November 1980[230]
  • Denmark is represented in Suriname, through its embassy in Brasília.[231]
  • Denmark have a consulate in Paramaribo.[232]
 Trinidad and Tobago
  • Denmark is represented in Trinidad and Tobago, through its embassy in Mexico.[233]
  • Denmark have a consulate general in Port of Spain.[233]
 United States 12 October 1801[234] See Denmark–United States relations
 Uruguay 28 February 1842[239]
  • Denmark is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.[240]
  • Uruguay is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.[21]
 Venezuela 26 March 1835[241] See Denmark–Venezuela relations
  • Venezuela is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Oslo, Norway.
  • Denmark is accredited to Venezuela from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.[242]

Middle East

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Bahrain 10 August 1974[243]
  • Denmark is represented in Bahrain, through its embassy in Riyadh.[244] Denmark also has a Royal Consular Agency in Manama.[244]
  • Bahrain is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[21]
 Egypt 1920[245] See Denmark–Egypt relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Cairo.[246]
  • Egypt has an embassy in Copenhagen.[21]
 Iran 20 February 1934[247] See Denmark–Iran relations
 Iraq 13 January 1960[250][251] See Denmark–Iraq relations
 Israel 12 July 1950[254] See Denmark–Israel relations
 Jordan 7 December 1961[257][258]
  • Denmark is represented in Jordan, through its embassy in Damascus.[259]
  • Jordan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[21]
 Kuwait 25 April 1964[260]
  • Denmark is represented in Kuwait, through its embassy in Riyadh.[261]
  • Kuwait is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[21]
 Lebanon 1946[262]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Beirut.[263]
  • Lebanon is represented in Denmark through its embassy in Stockholm.[264]
 Oman 1 February 1975[265]
  • Denmark is represented in Oman, through its embassy in Riyadh. [266]
  • Oman is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.
 Palestine None See Denmark–Palestine relations
 Qatar 15 December 1974[269]
  • Denmark is represented in Qatar, through its embassy in the United Arab Emirates.[270]
  • Qatar is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in the Hague.[21]
 Saudi Arabia 1 February 1975[271][272]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Riyadh.[273]
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[274]
 Syria 1950[275] See Denmark–Syria relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Damascus.[276]
  • Syria is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[21]
 Turkey[note 4] 26 January 1925[277] See Denmark–Turkey relations
 United Arab Emirates 18 January 1975[281] See Denmark–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Abu Dhabi,[282] and a consulate general in Dubai.[283]
  • The United Arab Emirates is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[21]
 Yemen
  • Denmark is represented in Yemen, through its embassy in Riyadh.[284]
  • Yemen is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[21]

Asia

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Afghanistan 26 January 1966[285] See Afghanistan–Denmark relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Kabul.[286]
  • Afghanistan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Oslo.[21]
 Bangladesh 4 February 1972[287] See Bangladesh–Denmark relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Dhaka.[288]
  • Bangladesh is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[21]
 Bhutan 13 August 1985[289] See Bhutan–Denmark relations
  • Denmark has a representative office in Thimphu.[290]
  • Bhutan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[21]
 Brunei
  • Denmark is represented in Brunei, through its embassy in Singapore.[291]
  • Brunei is represented in Denmark through a non-resident ambassador based in Bandar Seri Begawan.[21]
 Cambodia 9 October 1967[292] See Cambodia–Denmark relations
  • Denmark is represented in Cambodia, through its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.[293]
  • Cambodia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[21]
 People's Republic of China 11 May 1950[294] See People's Republic of China–Denmark relations
 East Timor 25 November 2003[297]
  • Denmark is represented in East Timor, through its embassy in Jakarta.[298]
  • East Timor is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[299]
 India September 1949[300][301] See Denmark–India relations
 Indonesia 15 February 1950[304] See Denmark–Indonesia relations
 Japan 16 December 1867[307] See Denmark–Japan relations
 Kazakhstan 7 May 1992[310] See Denmark–Kazakhstan relations
  • Denmark is represented in Kazakhstan, through its embassy in Moscow.[311]
  • Kazakhstan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[21]
 Kyrgyzstan 8 May 1992[312]
  • Denmark is represented in Kyrgyzstan, through its embassy in Moscow.[313]
 Laos 1 November 1956[314]
  • Denmark is represented in Laos, through its embassy in Hanoi.[315]
  • Laos is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[316]
 Malaysia 1963[317] See Denmark–Malaysia relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[318]
  • Malaysia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[21]
 Maldives 8 November 1982[319]
  • Denmark is represented in Maldives, through its embassy in New Delhi.[320]
  • Maldives is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[21]
 Mongolia 5 August 1968[321]
  • Denmark has a consulate general in Ulaanbaatar.[322]
  • Mongolia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[21]
 Myanmar 22 April 1955[323] See Burma–Denmark relations
  • Denmark is represented in Burma, through its embassy in Bangkok.[324]
  • Burma is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[21]
   Nepal 15 December 1967[325] See Denmark–Nepal relations
 North Korea 17 July 1973[328] See Denmark–North Korea relations
  • Denmark is represented in North Korea, through its embassy in Beijing.[329]
  • North Korea is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[21]
 Pakistan October 1949[330] See Denmark–Pakistan relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Islamabad.[331]
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Copenhagen.[332]
  • Roughly 20,000 Pakistanis live and work in Denmark, making them the country's fifth-largest non-Western community. Six Pakistani immigrants/descendants of immigrants have seats on local parliaments and councils, the second-highest number of any immigrant group.[333]
 Philippines 28 September 1946[334] See Denmark–Philippines relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Manila.[335]
  • The Republic of the Philippines has an embassy in Copenhagen.
 Singapore 28 September 1965[336]
  • Denmark has an embassy in Singapore City.[337]
  • Singapore is represented in Denmark, through a non-resident ambassador based in Singapore.[21]
 South Korea 11 March 1959[338] See Denmark–South Korea relations
  • Both nations are having an agreement of work and holiday program thus citizens of both countries can live, work, study and travel for up to a year and there are no quotas for Danish and South Koreans working and traveling in the each other.[339]
  • Royal Danish embassy in Seoul.[340]
  • South Korean embassy in Copenhagen.[341]
 Sri Lanka 5 January 1953[342] See Denmark–Sri Lanka relations
  • Denmark has a consulate general in Colombo.[343]
  • Sri Lanka is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[21]
 Tajikistan 21 January 1992[344]
  • Denmark is represented in Tajikistan, through its embassy in Moscow.[345]
 Taiwan See Denmark–Taiwan relations
  • Denmark has a trade council in Taipei.[346]
  • Taiwan has a Representative Office in Copenhagen.[347]
 Thailand 21 May 1858[348] See Denmark–Thailand relations
 Turkmenistan 21 January 1992[351]
  • Denmark is represented in Turkmenistan, through its embassy in Moscow.[352]
 Uzbekistan 25 January 1992[353]
  • Uzbekistan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Moscow.[354]
  • Denmark is represented in Uzbekistan, through its embassy in Moscow.[355]
 Vietnam 25 November 1971[356] See Denmark–Vietnam relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Hanoi.[357]
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Copenhagen.[358]

Africa

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Algeria 1963[359]
  • Algeria has an embassy in Copenhagen.[360]
 Angola May 1976[361]
  • Denmark is represented in Angola, through its embassy in Lusaka.[362]
  • Angola is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[21]
 Benin 1960s[363] See Benin–Denmark relations
 Botswana
  • Denmark is represented in Botswana, through its embassy in Pretoria.[366]
  • Botswana is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[21]
 Burkina Faso See Burkina Faso–Denmark relations
 Burundi
  • Denmark is represented in Burundi, through its embassy in Kampala.[369]
  • Burundi is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[21]
 Cameroon 1960[370]
  • Denmark has a consulate general in Yaoundé.[371]
  • Cameroon is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[21]
 Cape Verde
  • Denmark is represented in Cape Verde, through its embassy in Lisbon.[372]
 Central African Republic
  • Denmark is represented in the Central African Republic, through its embassy in Ouagadougou.[373]
  • The Central African Republic is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[21]
 Chad
  • Chad has a consulate in Copenhagen, Denmark.[374]
  • Denmark is represented in Chad, through its embassy in Burkina Faso.[374]
 Comoros 1 December 1982[375]
  • Denmark is represented in Comoros, through its embassy in Dar es Salaam.[376]
 Côte d'Ivoire 28 November 1964[377]
  • Denmark is represented in Côte d'Ivoire, through its embassy in Accra.[378]
  • Denmark have a consulate general in Abidjan.[378]
  • Côte d'Ivoire have an embassy in Copenhagen.[379]
 Republic of the Congo
  • Denmark is represented in Republic of Congo, through its embassy in Cotonou.[380]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • Denmark is represented in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, through its embassy in Pretoria.[381]
 Djibouti
 Equatorial Guinea
  • Denmark is represented in Equatorial Guinea, through its embassy in Pretoria.[383]
 Eritrea 29 October 1993[384] See Denmark–Eritrea relations

Eritrea was a Danish programme country from 1993 to 1996, and again from 1999 to 2001. In 1996, Denmark assisted 112 million DKK to the agriculture sector, and 80 million DKK to the education sector.[385] Relations between Eritrea and Denmark have been bad, since Denmark decided to suspend development cooperation with Eritrea in January 2002, and completely closed its embassy in Eritrea in June 2002.[386]

  • Denmark is represented in Eritrea through its embassy in Nairobi.[387]
 Ethiopia 5 April 1967[388] See Denmark–Ethiopia relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Addis Ababa.[389]
  • Ethiopia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[21]
 Gabon
  • Denmark have a consulate in Libreville.[390]
  • Gabon is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[21]
 Gambia January 1979[391]
  • Denmark is represented in Gambia, through its embassy in Bamako.[392]
  • Gambia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[21]
 Ghana 1961[393] See Denmark–Ghana relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Accra.[394]
  • Ghana has an embassy in Copenhagen.[395]
 Guinea
  • Denmark is represented in Guinea, through its embassy in Accra.[396]
  • Guinea is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[21]
 Guinea-Bissau
  • Denmark is represented in Guinea Bissau, through its embassy in Lisbon.[397]
  • Guinea-Bissau is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[21]
 Kenya December 1963[398] See Denmark–Kenya relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Nairobi.[399]
  • Kenya is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[21]
 Lesotho 1970[400]
 Liberia 31 December 1861[402][403]
11 July 1963[404]
  • Denmark is represented in Liberia, through its embassy in Accra.[405]
  • Liberia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[21]
 Libya See Denmark–Libya relations
  • Libya closed its embassy in Copenhagen, as a protest against the Jyllandsposten cartoons controversy, in 2006.[406]
 Madagascar January 1964[407]
  • Denmark is represented in Madagascar, through its embassy in Pretoria.[408]
  • Denmark have a consulate in Antananarivo.[408]
 Malawi 1964[409]
  • Denmark is represented in Malawi, through its embassy in Maputo.[410]
  • Malawi is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.
 Mali

From 2006 to 2011, Denmark assisted Mali with 800 million DKK for poverty reduction.[412]

 Mauritania
  • Denmark is represented in Mauritania, through its embassy in Rabat.[413]
  • Mauritania is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[21]
 Mauritius 2 March 1973[414]
 Morocco 29 November 1957[416][417] See Denmark–Morocco relations
  • Denmark has an embassy in Rabat.[418]
  • Morocco has an embassy in Copenhagen.[419]
 Mozambique 25 June 1975[420] See Denmark–Mozambique relations
 Namibia 1990[421]
  • Denmark is represented in Namibia, through its embassy in Pretoria.[422]
  • Namibia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[423]
 Niger
 Nigeria October 1960[425] See Foreign relations of Nigeria
 Rwanda
  • Denmark is represented in Rwanda, through its embassy in Kampala.[426]
  • Rwanda is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[427]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic None
  • Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has a representative office in Copenhagen.[428]
 São Tomé and Príncipe
  • Denmark is represented in São Tomé and Príncipe, through its embassy in Lisbon.[429]
  • São Tomé and Príncipe is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[21]
 Senegal 28 March 1966[430]
 Seychelles 1979[432]
 Sierra Leone
 Somalia 9 July 1960[435] See Denmark–Somalia relations
 South Africa See Denmark–South Africa relations
 South Sudan
 Sudan See Denmark–Sudan relations
 Swaziland
 Tanzania 1962[441] See Denmark–Tanzania relations
 Tunisia 1959[442] See Foreign relations of Tunisia
 Togo
  • Denmark is represented in Togo, through its embassy in Cotonou.[443]
 Uganda
  • Uganda has an embassy in Copenhagen.[444]
 Zambia 1958[445] See Denmark–Zambia relations
 Zimbabwe 18 April 1980[446] See Foreign relations of Zimbabwe

Oceania

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Australia 12 September 1947[447][448] See Australia–Denmark relations
 Cook Islands None[449]
  • Denmark is represented in Cook Islands, through its embassy in Canberra.[450]
 Fiji 1 December 1997[451]
  • Denmark is represented in Fiji, through its embassy in Jakarta.[452]
  • Fiji is represented in Denmark, through its high commission in London.[21]
Further details
Denmark–Fiji relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Fiji. Denmark is represented in Fiji through its embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia.[452] Fiji is represented in Denmark through its High Commission in London.[21][453] Denmark has an honorary consulate[454] and a consulate[452] in Suva, the capital of Fiji. The current Fijian ambassador to Denmark is Solo Mara.[455]

In 1971, an abolition of visas agreement was signed between Denmark and Fiji.[456] In October 1974, Denmark and Fiji signed an avoidance of double taxation agreement.[457]

In November 2003, the Danish ambassador to Fiji Geert Aagaard Andersen said that Denmark supports the European Union's decision to resume development cooperation with Fiji and that Denmark is pleased with the reestablishing democracy progress in Fiji. Trade between Denmark and Fiji showed a potential increase he said.[458]

For the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference meeting in Copenhagen, the Fijian Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama stressed that:

"We in Fiji experienced unprecedented floods in February of this year. The enormous devastation caused by such disasters not only results in commercial and economic hardships but has a deleterious effect on food production, the ill effects of climate change can still be minimised."[459]

In July 2011, Danish export to Fiji amounted approximately 1 million DKK while Fijian export were about 100.000 DKK.[460]

 Kiribati
  • Denmark is represented in Kiribati, through its embassy in Singapore.[461]
 Marshall Islands 17 September 1992[462]
  • Denmark is represented in Marshall Islands, through its embassy in Singapore.[461]
 Micronesia, Federated States of 29 August 2018[463]
  • Denmark is represented in Micronesia, through its embassy in Singapore.[461]
 Nauru None[464]
  • Denmark is represented in Nauru, through its embassy in Canberra.[465]
 New Zealand 12 September 1947[448] See Denmark–New Zealand relations
 Palau 30 November 2018[466]
  • Denmark is represented in Palau, through its embassy in Singapore.[461]
 Papua New Guinea February 1978[467]
  • Denmark is represented in Papua New Guinea, through its embassy in Jakarta.[468]
  • Papua New Guinea is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[21]
 Samoa None[469]
  • Denmark is represented in Samoa, through its embassy in Canberra.[470]
 Solomon Islands None[471]
  • Denmark is represented in the Solomon Islands, through its embassy in Singapore.[461]
 Tonga
  • Denmark is represented in Tonga, through its embassy in Canberra.[472]
 Tuvalu None[473]
  • Denmark is represented in Tuvalu, through its embassy in Canberra.[474]
 Vanuatu 25 October 2018[475]
  • Denmark is represented in Vanuatu, through its embassy in Canberra.[476]

See also

Politics of Denmark

References

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Notes

  1. ^ Diplomatic relations between Denmark and Estonia were established on 5 February 1921 after the Estonian Declaration of Independence, but in World War II, Soviet Union annexed Estonia.[54] When Estonia declared independence from Soviet Union on 16 November 1988, Denmark re-established relations with Estonia on 24 August 1991.[55]
  2. ^ Diplomatic relations were established on 7 February 1921.[92] Soviet Union occupied Latvia in 1940, and Latvia declared independence from USSR on 4 May 1990. Denmark re-established relations with Latvia on 27 August 1991.[92]
  3. ^ Lithuania declared independence in 1918. Diplomatic relations were established on 18 July 1923.[96] Like Estonia and Latvia, Lithuania was occupied by Soviet Union. Latvia declared independence from USSR in 1990. Denmark re-established diplomatic relations with Lithuania on 24 August 1991.[97]
  4. ^ Turkey is physiographically considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe.

Further reading

  • Andreasen, Uffe. "Reflections on public diplomacy after the Danish cartoon crises: From crisis management to normal public diplomacy work." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 3.2 (2008): 201–207.
  • Due-Nielsen, Carsten, and Nikolaj Petersen. "Denmark’s foreign policy since 1967: An introduction." in Adaptation and Activism (Copenhagen: DJØF Publishing, 1995): 11–54.
  • Frederichsen, Kim. Soviet Cultural Diplomacy Towards Denmark During the Cold War, 1945–1991 (PhD. Diss. University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, 2017) onlin e.
  • Henriksen, Anders, and Jon Rahbek-Clemmensen. "The Greenland card: Prospects for and barriers to Danish Arctic diplomacy in Washington." Danish foreign policy yearbook 1 (2017): 75–98. online
  • Kronvall. Olof. "US–Scandinavian Relations Since 1940." in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. (Oxford University Press, 2020).
  • Lidegaard, Bo. Defiant Diplomacy: Henrik Kauffmann, Denmark, and the United States in World War II and the Cold War, 1939–1958. Peter Lang, 2003. ISBN 978-0-8204-6819-8. online
  • Rahbek-Clemmensen, Jon (2011). "Denmark in the Arctic: Bowing to three masters". Atlantisch Perspectief. 35 (3): 9–14.
  • Rahbek-Clemmensen, Jon. ""An Arctic Great Power"? Recent Developments in Danish Arctic Policy." Arctic Yearbook 5 (2016): 387–399.
  • Sevaldsen, Jørgen; Bo Bjørke; Claus Bjørn (2003). Britain and Denmark: political, economic and cultural relations in the 19th and 20th centuries. p. 658. ISBN 87-7289-750-3. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  • Development co-operation review series: Denmark. 9264170707: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 1999. p. 79. ISBN 978-92-64-17070-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

Pre-1940

  • Bjørnlund, Matthias (2006). "When the Cannons Talk, the Diplomats Must Be Silent": A Danish Diplomat in Constantinople during the Armenian Genocide". Genocide Studies and Prevention. 1 (2). University of Toronto Press: 224. doi:10.3138/1567-7412-6RQ6-441Q. ISSN 1911-0359.
  • Colot, Pierre. History of the relations between Belgium and Denmark. p. 47. OCLC 13448184. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  • Feldbæk, Ole. "Eighteenth‐century Danish neutrality: Its diplomacy, economics and law." Scandinavian Journal of History 8.1–4 (1983): 3–21.
  • Feldbæk, Ole. "Denmark and the Treaty of Kiel 1814." Scandinavian Journal of History 15.3–4 (1990): 259–268.
  • Feldbæk, Ole. "Denmark in the Napoleonic Wars: A Foreign Policy Survey." Scandinavian Journal of History 26.2 (2001): 89–101
  • Feldbæk, Ole. "Denmark and the Baltic 1720–1864." In Quest of Trade and Security. the Baltic in Power Politics 1500–1990. Vol 1. 1500–1890 (Probus Förlag, 1995) pp. 257–95.online.
  • Fogdall, Soren Jacob Marius Peterson. Danish-American Diplomacy, 1776–1920 (1922) online.
  • Gosch, Christian Carl August (1862). Denmark and Germany since 1815. Harvard College Library. p. 500. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  • Gram-Skjoldager, Karen. "Denmark during the First World War: Neutral policy, economy and culture." Journal of Modern European History 17.2 (2019): 234–250.
  • Kirkebæk, Mads (2000). China and Denmark: relations since 1674. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. p. 341. ISBN 87-87062-71-2. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  • Jónsson, Már. "Denmark-Norway as a potential world power in the early seventeenth century." Itinerario 33.2 (2009): 17–27.
  • Murdoch, Steve. Britain, Denmark-Norway and the House of Stuart, 1603–1660: A Diplomatic and Military Analysis (Tuckwell Press, 2000).
  • Naum, Magdalena, and Jonas M. Nordin. "Introduction: Situating Scandinavian Colonialism." in Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity (Springer, 2013) pp. 3–16.
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